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Purpose: This study investigates the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for controlling Active Tuned Mass Dampers (ATMDs) in seismic response reduction. The objective is to develop an AI-based ANN controller that effectively reduces structural vibrations during earthquakes. This approach offers a key advantage: achieving good response reduction with fewer sensors compared to traditional methods like Linear Quadratic Regulators (LQR), leading to increased practicality and cost-effectiveness. Methods: A supervised learning approach with the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm trains the ANN controller. The performance of the ANN-controlled ATMD is compared with that of an LQR-controlled system. Additionally, the ANN controller's robustness under signal time delay and noise contamination is evaluated. The ATMD with both controllers is implemented on a 10-story benchmark building subjected to near-field and far-field seismic records. Results: The obtained results indicate significant reductions in peak displacement, acceleration, velocity, inter-story drift, maximum drift, base shear, and structural energy. Notably, the ANN controller achieves this with a reduced sensor requirement compared to the LQR method. Further, the ANN showed good robustness against signal time delay and noise contamination. Conclusion: ANNs demonstrated a high potential for controlling ATMDs for seismic response reduction due to their effectiveness and reduced sensor requirements, making them a conceivably more practical and cost-effective solution.

Active vibration control systems are commonly reported to be the most robust and effective method for vibration control of structures. However, the type of ground motions and the type of analysis may greatly influence their performances. This study investigates the seismic response of building with and without an active controller under pulse-type ground motions. A 20-story non-linear steel benchmark building is considered. Linear and non-linear analysis is conducted to check the effectiveness of the active control system. Active control with a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control algorithm is applied to the benchmark building for seismic control purposes. Initially, some ground motions are selected following earlier studies from the literature concerning the benchmark building. It is found that the LQG control algorithm is quite effective under the considered earthquakes, and the analysis type does not affect the effectiveness of the controller. Thereafter, a set of additional 69 pulse-type ground motions are considered to check the performance of the LQG control algorithm and to find the suitability of linear analysis. It is noticed that under such pulse-type ground motion, the LQG control algorithm is not much effective if the non-linear behavior of the structure is incorporated in the seismic analysis, whereas in case of linear analysis, the LQG control algorithm is still effective. It is concluded that neglecting the non-linear behavior may lead to unconservative estimates of the seismic response when performing seismic analysis and designing structures equipped with active vibration control systems.

In this paper, we prove that a mean system utilization smaller than one is a necessary condition for the feasibility of real-time systems. Such systems are defined as stable. Stable systems have two distinct states: a transient state, followed by a steady-state where the same distribution of response times is repeated infinitely for each task. We prove that the Liu and Layland theorem holds for stable probabilistic real-time systems with implicit deadlines, we provide an analytical approximation of response times for each of those two states and a bound of the instant when a real-time system becomes steady.

Resonant electromagnetic scattering with particles is a fundamental problem in electromagnetism that has been thoroughly investigated through the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in metallic particles or Mie resonances in high refractive index dielectrics. The interaction strength between electromagnetic waves and scatterers is limited by maximum and minimum physical bounds. Predicting the material composition of a scatterer that will maximize or minimize this interaction is an important objective, but its analytical treatment is challenged by the complexity of the functions appearing in the multipolar Mie theory. Here, we combine different kinds of expansions adapted to the different functions appearing in Mie scattering coefficients to derive simple and accurate expressions of the scattering electric and magnetic Mie coefficients in the form of rational functions. We demonstrate the accuracy of these expressions for metallic and dielectric homogeneous particles before deriving the analytical expressions of the complex eigen-frequencies (poles) for both cases. Approximate Mie coefficients can be used to derive simple but accurate expressions for determining complex dielectric permittivities that lead to poles of the dipolar Mie coefficient and ideal absorption conditions. The same expressions also predict the real dielectric permittivities that maximize (unitary limit) or minimize (anapole) electromagnetic scattering.

The main goal of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of backward-shared tuned mass damper inerter (BSTMDI) in reducing inter-storey drift as well as pounding between adjacent buildings. A backward-shared-TMDI (BSTMDI) linking two adjacent medium-rise buildings is presented, considering the practical and economical part of design parameters. Inerter in BSTMDI can generate higher reaction forces based on the large relative acceleration response between the two adjacent buildings, which efficiently enhance the seismic performance of both buildings. Moreover, a benchmark structure consisting of two adjacent medium-rise buildings equipped with (BSTMDI) is examined. Eight design parameters of the BSTMDI are optimized through single-objective optimization problems using a genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize either the inter-storey drift or the pounding gap distance of the two adjacent benchmark structures. Mitigating effects of the optimally designed (BSTMDI) on the responses of the benchmark structures are assessed considering a set of one hundred (100) natural ground motions records. It is found that the BSTMDI scheme can reduce the inter-storey drift and pounding distance responses similarly or even better than a single shared tuned mass damper inerter (SSTMDI) using a smaller inertance ratio. The same trend is observed while using backward-shared tuned inerter damper (BSTID) compared to a single shared tuned inerter damper (SSTID). Both BSTMDI and BSTID have proven their robustness under a large set of natural real earthquake records with various frequency characteristics for several dynamical parameters such as displacement, inter-storey drift, pounding gap and stroke displacement.

IMPORTANCE: Deficient mismatch mutation repair mechanisms may sensitize endometrial cancers to anti–programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapies. Dostarlimab (TSR-042) is an investigational anti–PD-1 antibody that binds with high affinity to the PD-1 receptor. OBJECTIVE: To assess the antitumor activity and safety of dostarlimab for patients with deficient mismatch repair endometrial cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This ongoing, open-label, single-group, multicenter study began part 1 on March 7, 2016, and began enrolling patients with deficient mismatch mutation repair endometrial cancer on May 8, 2017. Median follow-up was 11.2 months (range, 0.03 [ongoing] to 22.11 [ongoing] months; based on radiological assessments). Statistical analysis was performed July 8 to August 9, 2019. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received 500 mg of dostarlimab intravenously every 3 weeks for 4 doses, then 1000 mg every 6 weeks until disease progression, treatment discontinuation, or withdrawal. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was objective response rate and duration of response by blinded independent central review using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. RESULTS: As of the data cutoff, 104 women (median age, 64.0 years [range, 38-80 years]) with deficient mismatch mutation repair endometrial cancers were enrolled and treated with dostarlimab. Of these, 71 had measurable disease at baseline and at 6 months or more of follow-up and were included in the analysis. There was a confirmed response in 30 patients (objective response rate, 42.3%; 95% CI, 30.6%-54.6%); 9 patients (12.7%) had a confirmed complete response, and 21 patients (29.6%) had a confirmed partial response. Responses were durable; the median duration of response was not reached (median follow-up was 11.2 months). The estimated likelihood of maintaining a response was 96.4% at 6 months and 76.8% at 12 months. Anemia (3 of 104 [2.9%]), colitis (2 of 104 [1.9%]), and diarrhea (2 of 104 [1.9%]) were the most common grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this nonrandomized trial, dostarlimab was associated with clinically meaningful and durable antitumor activity with an acceptable safety profile for patients with deficient mismatch mutation repair endometrial cancers after prior platinum-based chemotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02715284

L’air respiré à bord des avions provient en général d’un système appelé « bleed air » qui collecte de l’air non filtré au niveau des compresseurs du réacteur et des APU (auxiliairy power unit). Cet air est ensuite détendu et refroidi afin de pressuriser et conditionner la cabine. Une partie des huiles pyrolysées dans les réacteurs est réinjectée dans le bleed airet peut contaminer la cabine. Les joints conçus pour séparer le plus possible l’huile et l’air, peuvent fuir, entraînant une contamination de l’air de la cabine et un fume event. Ce type d’évènement est rare : environ 0,2 évènements pour 1000 vols.

An innovative approach is introduced in this study for optimizing power distribution within a hybrid energy storage system, which encompasses batteries and supercapacitors. The method involves utilizing an adaptive wavelet technique within the energy management system dedicated to the EV. This technique customizes the wavelet decomposition level based on the supercapacitor's state of charge. As a result, optimal power sharing between the two real sources incorporated in a small-scale EV emulator is achieved. Notably, the approach adjusts the wavelet decomposition level during transient high peaks and when the supercapacitor has high reserves to alleviate battery workload. Through experimental validation and comparative analysis with three other frequency-based techniques, it is demonstrated that the adaptive wavelet control strategy significantly extends battery lifetime. This extension is achieved by reducing the root mean square (RMS) current by 34 % compared to fixed cut-off frequency approaches. Consequently, this minimizes losses and safeguards the battery from high peaks, resulting in a substantial decrease of 44.53 %. These results underscore the substantial potential of the adaptive wavelet approach as a suitable solution for effective energy management in hybrid electric vehicles.

Objectifs : La prise en charge des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures est une spécialité complexe. Il est indispensable de proposer une actualisation pour instaurer une prise en charge optimale. À l’initiative de l’INCa et sous l’égide de la SFORL, le comité scientifique, piloté par le Professeur Béatrix Barry, le Docteur Gilles Dolivet et le Docteur Dominique De Raucourt, a décidé d’élaborer un référentiel visant à définir de façon scientifique et consensuelle les principes généraux des traitements des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures applicables à toutes les sous-localisations.

This study focuses on the soft-storey behavior of RC structures with lead core rubber bearing (LRB) isolation systems under near and far-fault motions. Under near-fault ground motions, seismic isolation devices might perform poorly because of large isolator displacements caused by large velocity and displacement pulses associated with such strong motions. In this study, four different structural models have been designed to study the effect of soft-storey behavior under near-fault and far-fault motions. The seismic analysis for isolated reinforced concrete buildings is carried out using a nonlinear time history analysis method. Inter-story drifts, absolute acceleration, displacement, base shear forces, hysteretic loops and the distribution of plastic hinges are examined as a result of the analysis. These results show that the performance of a base isolated RC structure is more affected by increasing the height of a story under nearfault motion than under far-fault motion.

In this paper, a closed loop control approach for controlling the vibration of buildings under earthquake excitations is introduced. An active hybrid control combining base isolation and active tuned mass damper (AMD) installed on the lowest floor of a base-isolated frame building is investigated. The Active control force is controlled by the mean of a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller, incorporated with a negative feedback error closed loop. The difference between the base displacement and equilibrium position of the structure is used to evaluate the error and feed the PID controller. A simulation is carried out on a six degrees of freedom base-isolated frame structure using MATLAB. The performances of the proposed active hybrid control system are tested under El Centro, Northridge, and Loma Pietra earthquakes.Compared results with base-isolated structure and base-isolated structure equipped with a passive and active tuned mass damper (TMD)/ (ATMD) showed that the active hybrid control system is more efficient. A reduction of 70% in base displacement, velocity and 15% in base acceleration is obtained.

A simple, rapid method has been developed for the separation and quantitation of mono-, di-, and tri-saccharides. The method utilizes a 30cmx 3.9mm i.d. Microbondapak NH2 column, refractive index detection and water-acetonitrile elution. Two chromatographic systems are described. The isocratic mode was necessary to develop a procedure. 20 Carbohydrate's retention times were evaluated. To optimize the separation of nine water-soluble sugars, a gradient mode flow-programming was used. Separation was achieved within 28 minutes. The low detection limit (4 micrograms) of the above chromatographic procedure and its different possibilities could be of great interest to the analyst. The method has been successfully applied to quantify the major carbohydrates found in two types of commercial honey.

Electric and magnetic hybridized plasmonic modes are obtained by stacking two T-shaped resonators. We show that head-to-toe configuration leads to inverse the hybridization. The frequency shift between the resonances is finely controlled by adjusting the gap between the two resonators. A negative refractive index close to −1 is numerically and experimentally demonstrated at 4.3?GHz for TE waves. This left-handed behavior is similar for parallel and normal TE incident wave vectors. The proposed double-T unit cell is well adapted for developing terahertz and IR metamaterials.