Search

Natural resource management is evolving toward holistic, ecosystem‐based approaches to decision making. The ecosystem science underpinning these approaches needs to account for the complexity of multiple interacting components within and across coupled natural–human systems. In this research, we investigate the potential economic and ecological gains from adopting ecosystem‐based approaches for the sardine and anchovy fisheries off of the coast of California, USA. Research has shown that while predators in this system are likely substituting one forage species for another, the assemblage of sardine and anchovy can be a significant driver of predator populations. Currently, the harvest control rules for sardine and anchovy fisheries align more with traditional single species framework. We ask what are the economic and ecological gains when jointly determining the harvest control rules for both forage fish stocks and their predators relative to the status quo? What are the implications of synchronous and anti‐synchronous environmental recruitment variation between the anchovy and sardine stocks on optimal food‐web management? To investigate these questions, we develop an economic‐ecological model for sardine, anchovy, a harvested predator (halibut), and an endangered predator (Brown Pelican) that includes recruitment variability over time driven by changing environmental conditions. Utilizing large‐scale numerical optimal control methods, we investigate how the multiple variants of integrated management of sardine, anchovy, and halibut impact the overall economic condition of the fisheries and Brown Pelican populations over time. We find significant gains in moving to integrated catch control rules both in terms of the economic gains of the fished stocks, and in terms of the impacts on the Brown Pelican populations. We also compare the relative performance of current stylized catch control rules to optimal single species and optimal ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) across ecological and economic dimensions, where the former trade‐off considerable economic value for ecological goals. More generally, we demonstrate how EBFM approaches introduce and integrate additional management levers for policymakers to achieve non‐fishery objectives at lowest costs to the fishing sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human impacts (e.g., fishing, pollution, and shipping) on pelagic ecosystems are increasing, causing concerns about stresses on marine food webs. Maintaining predator-prey relationships through protection of pelagic hotspots is crucial for conservation and management of living marine resources. Biotic components of pelagic, plankton-based, ecosystems exhibit high variability in abundance in time and space (i.e., extreme patchiness), requiring investigation of persistence of abundance across trophic levels to resolve trophic hotspots. Using a 26-yr record of indicators for primary production, secondary (zooplankton and larval fish), and tertiary (seabirds) consumers, we show distributions of trophic hotspots in the southern California Current Ecosystem result from interactions between a strong upwelling center and a productive retention zone with enhanced nutrients, which concentrate prey and predators across multiple trophic levels. Trophic hotspots also overlap with human impacts, including fisheries extraction of coastal pelagic and groundfish species, as well as intense commercial shipping traffic. Spatial overlap of trophic hotspots with fisheries and shipping increases vulnerability of the ecosystem to localized depletion of forage fish, ship strikes on marine mammals, and pollution. This study represents a critical step toward resolving pelagic areas of high conservation interest for planktonic ecosystems and may serve as a model for other ocean regions where ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning of pelagic ecosystems is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using numerical simulations of the mixed common sardine and anchovy fishery of central-southern Chile, this article studies the effects of the distribution of administrative costs between the government and the fishing industry in an individual transferable quota system. Consistent with recent theoretical results, the analysis indicates that the presence and distribution of the administrative costs can have important impacts on the performance of an individual transferable quota system. The numerical simulations reveal significant and non-monotonic effects on the optimal paths of transferable quotas, biomass, quota price, size of the active fishing fleet, and the value of the fishery. While the effects of the distribution of administrative costs are complicated in the case study under analysis, the results suggest that it is likely optimal for the industry and government to share the administrative costs in this fishery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the qualitative behavior of following open-access anchovy fishery model: Xn+1=axnb- dαxnvyn, yn+1=yn(η(pαxnv-c)+1) where a,b, c, d, v, p, αη and the initial conditions x0 , y0 are positive real numbers. More precisely, we investigate the necessary and sufficient condition for local asymptotic stability of the unique positive equilibrium point of this system. Some numerical examples are given to verify our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) strives to balance multiple objectives of ecological wellbeing, social and economic wellbeing, and good governance. The Provincial Government of West Papua with technical support from the USAID Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced Project (SEA) has developed a fisheries management plan (FMP) for the anchovy fishery in Raja Ampat, West Papua Province of Indonesia. EAFM is the appropriate approach to manage the fishery because EAFM multiple objectives reflect the challenges and needs to ensure the sustainability of the fishery resources and to contribute to local communities. The FMP includes management issues, operational objectives, appropriate management measures, and action plans defined through a participatory process. The issues include overfishing as shown by declining anchovy catches, resource competition between local small-scale fishers and industrial fishers, limited livelihood opportunities, and an absence of a functional fishery governance institution. To address these challenges, the FMP has multiple operational objectives: to empower local livelihoods, strengthen institutional management mechanisms, and ensure anchovy resources sustainability. The integration of the socioeconomic aspect means there must be management decision trade-offs that weigh trade-offs of stock sustainability, local poverty, interests of the private sector, and addressing the horizontal conflict between locals and industrial fishers. Strengthening fisheries institutions is critical to ensure integration in resource investments and in detailing activities to implement the FMP because of the complementary roles, and lack of synergy of the multiple agencies. This holistic approach is expected to support the long-term use of the anchovy resources while partially alleviating local poverty. • Adopting the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) into practice. • Multiple objectives of a fisheries management plan. • Ensuring locals' livelihood and fairer benefits in fishery management. • Integrating social and institutional aspects with a multidisciplinary approach in fisheries. • Adaptive management system for small-scale fisheries within customary tenure regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish paste is popular condiment that possessing a characteristic appetite-stimulating aroma. Nowadays many fermented fish paste prefer to use lower salt to produce fish paste. Fermented fish paste from dried anchovy fish was prepared with 2% NaCl (w/w), fermented at room temperature for 8 and 32 days of fermentation. The dried anchovy fish obtain from Rejomulyo Market, Central Java, with + 7 cm of size. The method of research was experimental field. Biochemical changes during fermentation were investigated. Result revealed that during fermentation, pH and water content value were increased. Amino acid composition showed that the contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucin and arginin were higher than other amino acids. Free amino acid content of fermented fish paste was fluctuated during the fermentation period but most of free amino acids were increased. Almost all fatty acids decreased during fermentation except stearic acid, EPA and DHA. The essential fatty acid found was linolenic acid which was higher in initial period. Content of amino and fatty acids may contribute to the taste and flavor of fermented fish paste. From the nutritional view, the use of low salt concentration (2%) in producing fish paste was still able to contribute the fermentation process, avoid putrefaction and result in protein, some amino acid and fatty acid increase during early fermentation. But allegedly the shelf life of this paste is shorter because in the 32 days fermentation, the pH start to increase which means the volatile base compound formed already high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the unresolved problems of fisheries, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, high carbon footprint, overfishing, and overcapitalization of the fleet are at the forefront. Supporting fishers through fuel subsidy is commonly practiced but eventually led to overcapitalization of the sector. Moreover, the reported catch weights were insufficient to meet fleet operational costs and investments, and therefore there must be some degree of IUU fishing in Black Sea. Therefore, the study examined the economic performance of the purse seiners engaged in anchovy fishery in the Black Sea coast of Turkey and Georgia. The results revealed that economic performance and revenue in the Black Sea anchovy fishery segments evaluated were sufficient to cover expenses and be profitable, even in years when the catch was insufficient. Economic analysis also showed that fuel constitutes a significant part of operational cost in all fleet segments and, in return, 0.17–0.59 tons of CO 2 was produced to catch one ton of fish. Under these circumstances, the segment displaying the best fuel utilization efficiency would not survive if the remedy suggested by the UN's sustainable development goal-14, which advocates eliminating fuel subsidy to curb IUU and overfishing, were enforced. In light of the study findings, a series of remedies are suggested to discourage a trend towards IUU fishing, control the fleet's carbon footprint, and ensure sustainability. Among the proposed remedies, the removal of least effective medium-sized boats from the fleet, enforcing more efficient harvest control measures, and limiting the catch used for anchovy reduction fishery were emphasized. • IUU fishing is not a significant threat in the Black Sea anchovy fishery. • The profitability of the anchovy fishing fleet is at a good level. • The fuel efficiency of the fleet is higher than that reported earlier or elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Oceanography is the property of Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Bioeconomics of shared stocks and integration between markets are two aspects often debated in the literature but rarely analyzed together. Although both aspects are essential for the economic optimization of the fisheries, the general impression is that the European governance, at every level, is at the moment more concerned with the biological interactions rather than the market interactions of landings. The objective of the study is therefore to focus these two elements using as case studies the two shared European anchovy fisheries of Croatia and Italy in the Adriatic Sea and France and Spain in the Bay of Biscay. The analysis is carried out by means of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework for the description of the system, and through a graphical bioeconomic tool in order to explain causal interactions between rules, stocks, landings and prices, and possible equilibrium solutions. The analysis confirms that, with the exception of some differences in the governance structure, management authorities are more concerned with biological interactions in the Atlantic, while in the Mediterranean Sea cooperation is very poor. On the other hand trade, especially from Italy to Spain, is an important factor to balance disequilibrium between supply and demand and for the formation of price. The analysis also shows how coordinated planning of two shared stocks, in two European sea-basins, exploited by four countries, could achieve a more profitable exploitation, leading to higher stocks of anchovy and increased economic profit for the fisheries. However this kind of cooperation should have a bottom-up origin, with the Producer Organizations as key actors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Landings statistics of the Peruvian anchovy fishery show that the fishery went through a phase of explosive and uncontrolled growth from its establishment in the mid-fifties until its collapse in 1972. After the collapse, a second phase from 1973 to 1984 was characterized by unfavorable warm ocean conditions and low catches. A third phase, from 1984 to the present, with propitious ocean-environmental conditions and modern governance, can be further divided into a controlled growth period (1985–1994) and a sustainable landings'' period (1995 to present). The most recent period of the third phase has enabled the fishery to maintain its catches and be labeled as one of the most sustainable fisheries worldwide. This article highlights the evolution of the legal system that provides for the current sustainable landings and governance of this fishery. Results show that General Fisheries Acts were enacted independently of failures to sustain anchovy landings. The three Peruvian Fisheries Acts were a reflection of broader national socio-political changes and were enacted mainly to define the role of the state and private investment and to delimit foreign involvement in the fishery industry. By contrast, the enactment of secondary legislation to control quotas and fishing seasons increased as the fishery moved towards stable landings. During this phase, enacted secondary legislation showed also a clear peak during strong positive sea surface anomalies driven by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 1997–1998, providing evidence of rapid adaptive management. The role of Fisheries Acts in defining access rights at the national level from a multilevel governance approach is discussed and further key elements that contributed to the transition towards sustainability are suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study which conducts several laboratory experiments to determine the whether dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration affects clearance rates of Mnemiopsis Leidyi that feeds on ichthyplankton. The results from the laboratory experiment shows that there were no significant Do effects on Mnemiopsis Leidyi clearance rates on bay anchovy eggs, however, bottom layer DO concentrations affects the distribution of motile organisms. Data related to the field sampling to quantify vertical habitat overlap between gelatinous predators and its prey at different bottom DO concentrations is also discussed. It is concluded that vertical distribution can affect spatial overlap between predator and prey which alters predation rates.

The article discusses the results of a study which provided basic information on the management of sustainable fisheries by testing variations among spatiotemporally subdivided populations in the southern East China Sea (ECS) and demographic histories. Morphological analyses used to evaluate population similarities showed subtle differences between the oceanic stocks and spring coastal geographic stocks, while molecular analyses based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene revealed a substantial amount of genetic variations among populations. The study suggest a dispersal route for larval anchovy from the Taiwan Strait to the northern coast or active migration by adults in conformity with oceanographic patterns in the southern East China Sea.

The article presents a study which investigates the role of ontogenetic variation and feeding selectivity on the dietary habits of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L. of Northern Adriatic Sea. The method of the study includes the stomach content analysis of the sampled anchovy to examine the ontogenetic variation in the diet of Engraulis, which were treated with zooplanktivorous diet. The feeding activity administration was undertaken during the day in all the length classes. It also assesses the prey of the anchovy which were primarily small-sized copepods Euterpina acutifrons. The result shows that the size of ingested particle is not a limiting factor in food selection among European anchovy, and the non-association of the length of the anchovy and maximal dimension of ingested prey.

Pallid anchovy fillet, friendly filtering, peacefully laying and little lancelet are some of the nicknames and adjectives the cephalochordate amphioxus has received throughout the last two centuries. Traditionally regarded as the living representative of the last ancestor of vertebrates, amphioxus has recently been promoted to the privileged position of being the most ancient chordate. The preliminary analysis of its prototypical genome is nearly completed, and its hidden secrets towards the understanding of the primitive chordate and deuterostome genomes will soon see the light. Amphioxus embryonic development and body plan have remained in evolutionary stasis since the cephalochordate lineage split from the chordate ancestor about 500 million years ago. In contrast, amphioxus research is far from being at a standstill; in Europe, thanks to the international cooperation and the Banyuls Oceanographic Station, amphioxus embryos are obtained on demand during the spawning season. We summarise here our progress towards the dream of the experimental manipulation of the amphioxus embryo, to enter the era of Experimental Evo-Devo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food availability and oceanographic conditions drive the distribution and movement of marine vertebrates. Tracking efforts towards seabirds usually focus on their breeding period, tagging adults in colonies. In this study, we tracked four juvenile and one adult Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) with satellite transmitters. These individuals were caught incidentally in gillnets and were tagged at sea, with the exception of the adult that was rehabilitated and released on the beach. The penguins were tracked in their wintering grounds, where behavior and oceanographic characteristics of the area used were determined. All five birds remained along the coast of southern Brazil and Uruguay in neritic waters up to 10 km offshore and 50 m in depth. The four juveniles used a mean area of 1,426 km2, travelling on average at 7.4 km/h. The high turning angles observed and mean sinuosity of 2.46 indicated that the penguins were foraging. The adult penguin covered an area of 1,033 km2, at a mean speed of 4.6 km/h, and with low sinuosity (0.43), which is suggestive of either travelling movements or an experienced hunter who needs a few turning angles to forage. The adult travelled 538 km in total, reaching a maximal distance of 465 km. Locations were obtained over a period of 7–10 days, and all five penguins remained in waters of the coastal branch of the Malvinas Current, an area characterized by cold sea surface temperatures (SST, mean = 13.4 °C) and high primary productivity. Salinity values (34.06 PSU) were also typical of the Malvinas Current and were influenced by the La Plata River plume, whose waters are low in salinity and nutrient rich. All five penguins remained near the coast probably because these waters are rich in nutrients, and carry the penguins' main prey, the Argentine anchovy (Engraulis anchoita). Regarding conservation concerns involving these penguins, we highlight the current management of the anchovy fisheries and the development of offshore windfarms that could potentially cause major disturbances to the penguins' foraging habitat. The establishment of the Albardão National Park in the nearshore area used by the penguins is highly desirable for the protection of the species and their feeding resources. • Magellanic penguins in wintering areas stay over inner shelf waters, at a <50 m depth. • Hidden Markov models, high turning angles and sinuosity indicate intense foraging. • One released, rehabilitated penguin exhibited abnormal behaviour, likely with no foraging. • Birds stayed over the Malvinas Current under the influence of coastal, nutrient-rich waters. • Characteristics of penguin areas are the same as those of Argentine anchovy areas, its main prey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus is an important fishery resource in the Adriatic Sea. Fluctuating recruitment of young fish to the stock over time can be related to changes in the environment. The trend of anchovy recruitment in the northern and central Adriatic from 1975 to 2001 was analysed with the aim of identifying possible effects related to 5 environmental factors: surface air temperature, surface atmospheric pressure, quadrant specific wind stresses, Po River runoff and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Particular emphasis was placed on 1987, a year of anchovy collapse and fishery crisis. Different types of regression models were applied, both linear and nonlinear (simple and multiple), with predictor variables being environmental factors and parental stock abundance. Positive relationships of number of recruits with autumnal SSE and ESE wind stress and both annual and autumnal Po River runoff were found, with a strength comparable to the relationship between recruits and parental stock. Low levels of these environmental factors were observed just before the 1987 collapse, together with a high frequency of occurrence of NE winds and an extreme positive value of the NAO index in the previous autumn (which may have been unfavourable to recruitment in 1987). All 5 environmental factors could be related to increased or reduced food availability for young stages of anchovy in autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on a study that investigated the peculiarities of dynamics of the total lipids content and their fractional composition in the body of Azov anchovy. Methodology of the study; Results and discussion on the study; Conclusion.

The management of small pelagic fisheries is a complex task due to its large variability of both environmental and biological processes. This high variability can impact the reliability of stock assessment models and fishery management recommendations. When this occurs, management decisions should explore alternative control rules based on empirical abundance indices or pragmatic management procedures. In this paper, we examined the performance of a harvest control rule (HCR) for the Chilean fleet in the shared Chile-Peru anchovy (Engraulis ringens) fishery (16°S–24°S), which is one of the most important stocks in the Humboldt marine ecosystem in the Southeast Pacific. The HCR uses the annual changes in spawning biomass estimated by Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM) surveys in the waters off northern Chile. Analyzes are carried out through operating models simulating population regime shifts under different uncertainty sources. The results show that despite the latent risk of overfishing caused both by recruitment variability and the lack of fisheries management coordination between two jurisdictions, the control of one of the parties' fishing mortality can enable the sustainability of the entire stock, provided the fishing effort of the other jurisdiction be remained at similar levels as in the last decade. The use of an HCR would avoid increases in fishing mortality and would facilitate B MSY -based management goals. This research determined conditions under which the shared Chile-Peru anchovy fishery can be sustainable considering different sources of uncertainty of the biological-fishing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs) methodology to the Southeast Pacific Anchoveta Fishery off southern Peru and northern Chile. Our basic model of analysis is a production function framework, where the performance outcomes are a result of the available inputs. We measured all FPI categories (outcomes and input metrics) and then grouped the metrics into different dimensions suitable for analysis. We obtained the value of each metric from different sources using expert evaluation and secondary information. Then we calculated aggregated measures at the country level and for the total fishery. We compared the country results and tested for mean differences. Our results suggest that there are no significant differences between the Chilean and Peruvian fisheries in terms of inputs. Moreover, no differences between the fisheries branches were found in the post-harvest stage. In the harvest stage, however, the Chilean fishery performs better than the Peruvian. From the differences and similarities found, we discuss the performance results between the Peruvian and Chilean branches of the fishery. The differences we found seems to be due to general societal factors that are beyond the control of fisheries managers. The differences in the organization of the fishery, characterized by high levels of concentration and vertical integration in the Chilean branch, could also explain the observed gap in performance. ● The FPIs methodology is applied to the Southeast Pacific Anchoveta Fishery off southern Peru and northern Chile. ● Our model of analysis is a production function, where the performance outcomes are a result of the available inputs. ● We measured all FPI outcomes and input metrics and then grouped them into different dimensions for analysis. ● We calculated aggregated measures at the country level and for the total fishery. ● We compared the country results and tested for mean differences. ● Our results suggest that there are no differences between the Chilean and Peruvian fisheries in terms of inputs. ● In the harvest stage, however, the Chilean fishery performs better than the Peruvian. ● We discuss the performance results between the Peruvian and Chilean branches of the fishery. ● The differences seems to be due to general societal factors that are beyond the control of fisheries managers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upwelling ecosystem of central southern Chile sustains the pelagic common sardine and anchovy fisheries, which are managed by setting a global quota allocated to small-scale (artisanal) and industrial fishers. A prearranged spatial allocation of quotas for small-scale fishers is based on historical landings rather than the current spatial distribution of the target species. Artisanal fishers can only fish in their original Spatial Administrative Units (SAUs) according to fishing rights. Marked environmental variability, such as that caused by ENSO events, trigger changes in the local availability of resources. Thereafter, artisanal and industrial fishers compensate for low yields by transferring their fishing quota to quota holders (artisanal-artisanal, industrial-artisanal, artisanal-industrial) from other SAUs. The legal procedure for transferring quotas among users is efficient to harvest the total allowable catch. This procedure favors the quota holders but is detrimental to the crew of vessels that transfer quotas to other fishers. A mechanism is recommended to distribute the profits obtained by quota transfers between ship owners and crews to avoid this negative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]