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Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By using the Braun Blanquet school methodology, two classes, three orders, three alliances and six associations Eastern Cuba's freshwater grasslands were encounters, these groups of class, two orders, two alliances and five associations were described for the first time.

Copyright of Neotropical Biology & Conservation is the property of Pensoft Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neotropical Biology & Conservation is the property of Pensoft Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study on the three new species of characid fishes found in the Pacific coast and Amazon Basin in Ecuador using morphometric and osteological characteristics and pigmentation as basis. It mentions the new fishes namely B. bucayensis, B. terrabensis, and B. zamorensis and provides detailed descriptions and measurements of these species. It also talks about the genus Knodus and its credibility in the region.

Copyright of Gaea: Journal of Geoscience is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nova Acta Científica Compostelana is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses a study which described a new species of Bryconamericus macarenae from near La Macarena mountain in Colombia based on 174 species using morphometric, meristic and osteological characters. The 21 morphometric characters used to describe the species were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) using the Burnaby method. The new species differs from congeners in terms of having an incomplete lateral line and fewer perforations in the latero-sensorial canal of the extrascapular bone. Also included is a key species of Bryconamericus known from the Orinoco Basin and the Catatumbo River.

The article discusses a study which assessed the quality of evidence about the causes of extirpation and decline in freshwater mussels by surveying articles that published conclusions on the issue on an objective scale. Researchers found that only 48% of studies presented plausible links between extirpation and causes. They also argued that the analyses lacked resolution because more than 75% of all studies presented suggested multiple causes of extirpation. It was also shown that despite the frequently weak evidence, the most frequent cause was habitat destruction or alteration, but many others were postulated.

Copyright of Tropical Conservation Science is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)