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Preparation, advance planning and management are very important before doing any work. Educational management is a part of holistic education. In today's era, education management is absolutely necessary to do the job of teaching properly. Educational management refers to the administration of education in which a group mobilizes human and material resources. The purpose of education management is to implement the strategy of education system, structure supervision, planning etc. in a smooth manner. Education is the acquisition of values, beliefs, good habits and positive attitudes through knowledge, understanding, application and skills. Institutions in the education system are government ministries, statutory boards and bodies, schools, colleges and universities etc. Management of education system is mainly implemented through the combined efforts of students, principals, teachers, non-teaching staff, administrative staff, parents., government representatives etc. Management is required at all levels of the educational ecosystem. Management includes planning, organizing, implementing, reviewing, evaluating and integrating the organization. The history of educational management is very old. Notable ancient and present educational institutions in India are Maharishi Bharadwaj Ashram, Maharshi Kanva Munir Ashram, Vasishthar Ashram, Raja Janaka Pratishthan, Vedavyas, Maharshi Sandipani, Mata Sabari, Swami Dayananda, Taxila, Nalanda, Ramakrishna Math and Mission Vichikananda established by him. Rishi Aurobindo Ashram founded by Rabindranath Tagore established Visva Bharati and Sriniketan etc. in Bolpur. Educational management like other branches of management is a textual subject. Gurukul system of education was prevalent in ancient times. Guru and disciple lived together in the ashram. Guru-shishe parampara i.e., Guru-shishe tradition, study, education, reformation and culture flowed among students since time immemorial. Educational management, administration and planning are now separate courses due to the complexity of the social system. This course was first popularized in the United States during World War II. In the 1960s, the U.K. also introduced this course. It was launched very promisingly in India, very late. The course is currently taught in some private universities in various states including Delhi, Punjab. This course also teaches research programs at the National University of Education Planning and Administration (NUEPA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: During invasive ventilation, external flow jet nebulization results in increases in displayed exhaled tidal volumes (VT). We hypothesized that the magnitude of the increase is inaccurate. An ASL 5000 simulator measured ventilatory parameters over a wide range of adult settings: actual VT, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and time to minimum pressure. METHODS: Ventilators with internal and external flow sensors were tested by using a variety of volume and pressure control modes (the target VT was 420 mL). Patient conditions (normal, COPD, ARDS) defined on the ASL 5000 were assessed at baseline and with 3.5 or 8 L/min of added external flow. Patient-triggering was assessed by reducing muscle effort to the level that resulted in backup ventilation and by changing ventilator sensitivity to the point of auto-triggering. RESULTS: Results are reported as percentage change from baseline after addition of 3.5 or 8 L/min external flow. For ventilators with internal flow sensors, changes in displayed exhaled VT ranged from 10% to 118%, however, when using volume control, actual increases in actual VT and PIP were only 4%-21% (P = .063, .031) and 6%-24% (P = .25, .031), respectively. Changes in actual correlated closely with changes in PIP (P < .001; R² = 0.68). For pressure control, actual decreased by 3%-5% (P = .031) and 4%-9% (P = .031) with 3.5 and 8 L/min respectively, PIP was unchanged. With external flow sensors at the distal Y-piece junction, volume and pressure changes were statistically insignificant. The time to minimum pressure increased at most by 8% (P = .02) across all modes and ventilators. The effects on muscle pressure were minimal (-1 cm H2O), and ventilator sensitivity effects were nearly undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: External flow jet nebulization resulted in much smaller changes in volume than indicated by the ventilator display. Statistically significant effects were confined primarily to machines with internal flow sensors. Differences approached the manufacturer-reported variation in ventilator baseline performance. During nebulizer therapy, effects on VT can be estimated at the bedside by monitoring PIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose. Financial management (FM) knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) are essential components of contemporary physical therapist (PT) practice. The Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education requires that FM content is included in professional PT education program (PTEP) curriculums but provides freedom in how the content is delivered. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify learning experiences PTEPs used to educate students regarding FM KSAs that are necessary for entry-level PT practice in the United States. Methods. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were 1) published in a peerreviewed scholarly journal, 2) written in English, and 3) described a learning experience used to deliver FM content. Articles describing didactic education, clinical education, or service-learning activities that were a required or voluntary component of professional PTEPs in the United States were included if they reported on objectives or outcomes related to FM. Electronic databases and relevant journals were searched. Search results were subjected to title, abstract, and fulltext review. Selected articles were evaluated for methodological rigor. Pertinent data were extracted, analyzed, and synthesized. Results. Eighteen articles were included. Four categories were identified: 1) classroom learning 2) clinical education 3) pro bono clinics, and 4) service learning. Discussion and Conclusion. Student PTs were exposed to FM content in several ways. There was variability in whether participation was required or voluntary, the time commitment required by the student, and the concepts to which students were exposed. There are many opportunities for future research in this area from operationally defining FM, determining necessary FM KSAs for entrylevel PTs, and to identifying the most effective learning experiences to ensure that new clinicians are prepared to effectively engage in this aspect of clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting diversity among faculty, administrators, and librarians in schools and colleges of pharmacy (SCOP) would be beneficial for the recruitment and retention of students from diverse backgrounds. Graduating such diverse pharmacists could assist in reducing healthcare disparities. Promoting diversity requires a climate that is inclusive of people from all backgrounds. The goal of this study was to examine the working environment of historically marginalized faculty, administrators, and librarians within pharmacy education. An electronic survey was administered to all faculty, administrators, and librarians listed in the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy roster. Responses from 339 participants were analyzed. Twenty-seven percent of these participants either observed or personally experienced misconduct during the previous five years. When action was taken, it resulted in the cessation of the misconduct only 38% of the time. Respondents most frequently identified the following as ways to make it easier to address misconduct: support from supervisors, support from peers, and education on how to address misconduct. Exclusionary, intimidating, offensive, and/or hostile communication/behaviors towards historically marginalized faculty, administrators, and librarians do exist in SCOP. The academy should work towards promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in SCOP through education and provide administrative and peer support for reporting and managing professional misconduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers articulation theory as a tool for listening and thinking about the culture in and around writing centers. After defining a method of articulation analysis that considers articulation, disarticulation, and rearticulation, as well as alignments, contradictions, and tensions within a context, the article performs an articulation analysis on contemporary writing center work. The analysis considers the writing center's relationship to democracy, multiculturalism, neoliberalism, ethics, and social justice, as shaped by the Great Depression, the Vietnam War, and the 2008 financial crisis. The article concludes with a reflection on the results of the analysis and interventions that may open possibilities for systemic change, including approaches to communal justicing, modeling workplace culture, and training tutors in articulation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare chronic form of recurrent membranous inflammation and plasminogen deficiency. Ocular manifestations may be associated with sites other than mucous membranes, such as the oral cavity, internal ear, respiratory, genitals, and kidney. Treatment is extremely difficult because of the lack of topic plasminogen drops, and a high volume is required for systemic supplementation. This report aimed to present two patients with ligneous conjunctivitis treated with membrane excision, topical fresh-frozen plasma, and heparin intra-, and postoperatively. No recurrence was found in the ligneous membrane in the 12-month follow-up. The use of topical fresh-frozen plasma and heparin after membrane excision could be effective to avoid recurrence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liability and responsibility are two concepts whose identity has concerned jurists and philosophers of law, but which continue to pose problems in terms of finding them in the professional staff behavior, in the activity of authorities and public institutions, and in terms of how the legislator manages to make them compatible and increase their efficiency in the efficient society functioning. The stages we went through after 1990 fluctuated either in a state of genuine apathy in the field, where everything was allowed, everyone was apparently responsible and no one was accountable, or in a state of recrudescence of responsibility, in which, no matter how unserious and serious certain facts and attitudes of the administrative staff were, the liability that intervened was clearly disproportionate in relation to them and was designed as if it sanctioned the most serious deviations from the rules of civic and professional conduct. This state was sustained by the fact that for over three decades that have passed since the Revolution of December 1989, for almost a decade we did not have a regulation in the matter of public office, until the adoption of Law no. 188/1999 regarding the Statute of civil servants, which produced effects, in turn, until 2019 when the Administrative Code approved by GEO no. 57/2019, which is also in a state of relative stability, in the context where, although it has been adopted for over four years, the emergency ordinance has not yet been approved by law, and the Governments were not „shy” to intervene on the Code, on the one hand in the context of a crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, and on the other hand, against the background of economic problems that impose measures that affect institutions and principles of an effective administration and of the right to good administration. These situations will be truly settled when responsibility prevails over liability, as the great teachers of law have anticipated and expressed as a true postulate, and both the administration and the staff that compose it will manage the two levers, of responsibility and responsibility, in a sense in which the public good counts exclusively, freed from any partisan, subjective interests, or of any other nature that is not related to the authentic principles of the right state. In conclusion, individuals who make mistakes should face the consequences of their actions, while those who demonstrate dedication and excellence in their profession and field should be recognized and rewarded for their contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There are 3 pillars upon which the foundation of a teaching program in health care is founded: research, education, and clinical care. However, in a busy academic trauma practice, the unfortunate reality is that research is often a low priority in the frenzy of mandates for clinical productivity. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to advise hospitals on how to create a modest trauma research program that supports research interests without significantly impacting the overall clinical productivity of the department. METHODS: Relevant literature related to the development of an academic trauma research department was reviewed. Relevant articles were then compared to this manuscript to assess the novelty of the topic. RESULTS: There are 4 essential components of a trauma research program: (1) a zealot, (2) institutional commitment and support, (3) a statistician, and (4) registry data access. CONCLUSION: The creation of a trauma research program may seem like a herculean effort, but this work is necessary for institutions hoping to achieve status as a Level I/II trauma center. Following the steps outlined in this report, trauma providers can create a robust research program at their institution without sacrificing clinical productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience is the property of Spenta University Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Comunicación Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effort has been made to minimize the burden of non-interpretive tasks (NITs), in particular by hiring and training non-radiologist support staff as reading room coordinators (RRCs). Our medical center recruited and trained senior medical students from our affiliated school of medicine to work alongside on-call radiology residents as RRCs. A 12-month Malpractice Carrier monetary grant was acquired to fund medical students at with the aim to reduce malpractice risk. After the first year, residents were surveyed regarding the impact of the RRCs on perceived on-call efficiency and morale. Furthermore, report turnaround times (TAT) on call shifts that were and were not accompanied by a RRC were compared. 89 % of residents strongly agreed that the RRC improved workflow efficiency, decreased distractions, and felt less stressed during the call shift when the RRC was on duty. 78 % strongly agreed to be more likely to contact a referring clinician when the RRC was able to help coordinate. The mean TAT in the presence of a RRC was 36.8 min, and the mean TAT in the absence of a RRC was 36.9 min After hiring medical students to assist on-call radiology residents with noninterpretive tasks, residents reported subjective indicators of program success, but average report turnaround time was unaffected. Nevertheless, we predict that this type of program will continue to grow among academic radiology departments, though additional research is required to evaluate national trends and impacts on radiologist productivity and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Politicians should not find themselves entangled in the affairs wholly assigned to administrators. This scourge hinders the local government's capacity to deliver services effectively and efficiently. The politics-administration dichotomy model is used to explain the conundrum between politics and administration. Methodologically, this study adopted qualitative research approach and heavily relied on secondary data. The study gathered data from accredited scholarly journals, published peer-reviewed journal articles, scholarly books, legitimate online government bulletins and trustworthy academic websites, government legislative frameworks, and credible databases. The systematic procedure was used to review, clean, and verify data through critical doctrinal examination and interpretation based on viewpoints and arguments on politics-administration divide and interface. Data was then analysed using the document analysis technique in order to develop empirical knowledge and find existing loopholes in the complex issue of politics-adminstration divide and interface within South African municipalities. Among others, the findings reveal that some municipal officials bend the law and take sides to achieve favourable political outcomes; there is also a tendency among some political office bearers to willingly disregard the voice of the accounting officers even when they act according to policy; and political partisanship and/or patronage breed corruption within several municipalities. Therefore, there is a need for a bold step to educate, train and equip councillors with knowledge of legislative frameworks to understand and respect both the political and administrative spheres. This study further contributes to the process of transforming the politics-administrative divide and interface by advocating for a solid and context-based approach to help improve working relations between politicians and administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with a small bulla of unknown provenance that was purchased some forty years ago in the Bedouin market of Beʾer Sheva. The bulla was stamped with a seal depicting a roaring lion, above which the letters (LSM[Ꜥ]) were straightforwardly identified; it closely resembles the famous 'ShemaꜤ servant of Jeroboam' seal from Megiddo. Significantly, this unique bulla represents, to date, the first example of an ancient bulla stamped with a scaled-down authentic seal of a known master-seal of the Iron Age in Israel. The authenticity of the bulla was confirmed by meticulous laboratory tests, verifying both that it is genuine and that its date coincides with that of the ShemaꜤ seal from Megiddo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined at examining the role of administration for ensuring quality in education during COVID-19 Pandemic, hence specific goals of the research are to get the perspectives of school administrators on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected education, investigate the roles that school administrators play in assuring that students receive a quality education throughout the pandemic, and figure out the challenges that school administrators face when it comes to the education teaching process even throughout the pandemic. In this study, the researchers work adopted the convenience sampling technique, the primary source of data was used to provide raw information and first-hand evidence. The study was carried out with the support of questionnaires as the research instrument of data collection. In this particular research project, primary data were analyzed using the technique of thematic analysis. This approach is consistent with the goals of the research project and serves as a way of data analysis. According to the findings of the research, the COVID-19 pandemic is proving to be a natural disaster that poses difficult issues for all educational institutions., the pandemic has affected the flow of information also from the top management (administrators) to the teachers, the study revealed that protective mechanism was the best way to promote ethical behaviour, Administrators used physical distance and mask-wearing to modify the operational procedures and policies that are necessary to maintain their school during COVID-19 pandemic It was also revealed that School administrators were faced with certain challenges in the bid to keep up with ensuring quality education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants of the study recommended that attention should be paid to ensuring that contact and educational continuity should be maintained for those populations that have a harder time connecting with one another and live in socioeconomic conditions that are less conducive to supporting educational processes at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypomagnesemia is common for surgical patients and often requires intravenous (IV) magnesium replacement. Due to the renal handling mechanism of magnesium, prolonging the duration of an IV magnesium infusion has been postulated to improve magnesium retention by reducing the renal excretion of magnesium. However, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. Objective: To determine the change in serum magnesium level after IV magnesium replacement from baseline compared between prolonged (infusion rate < 0.5 g/h) and short infusions (infusion rate < 0.5 g/h) in hospitalized surgical patients. Methods: Medical records of surgical patients with hypomagnesemia who received IV magnesium replacement for three consecutive days and admitted to a university hospital between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed. Patients were separated by the replacement rate into two cohorts: prolonged infusion and short infusion. The primary outcome was a change in serum magnesium per gram administered from the baseline. The secondary outcome was the percentage of patients who achieved an optimal serum magnesium level after IV magnesium replacement. Results: 114 participants were enrolled in the study. The short infusion cohort showed a significantly greater increase in serum magnesium change per gram administered from baseline (0.07 mg/dL/g) compared to the prolonged infusion cohort (0.05 mg/dL/g) (p = 0.04). The difference of serum magnesium level between the two cohorts was 0.013 mg/dL/g of Mg. The percentage of patients who achieved the optimal serum magnesium level after IV magnesium replacement was not different between the two cohorts (prolonged infusion 66.7% vs. short infusion 70.2%; p = 0.84). The change in serum magnesium levels was influenced by renal function and the timing of serum magnesium level measurement after IV magnesium replacement. Conclusion: In hospitalized surgical patients, prolonging the IV magnesium infusion rate to less than 0.5 g/h did not provide additional benefits to increase serum magnesium levels compared to a short infusion rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates a number of territories in today’s Schleswig-Holstein, which had belonged to Denmark or the duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf until they were united under the Danish crown in 1773: Süderdithmarschen, Norderdithmarschen, Drei Lande (i.e. Eiderstedt, Everschop and Utholm.), Stapelholm, Heligoland, Pellworm, Nordstrand, Osterland Föhr, Sylt and Fehmarn. They deserve special attention because their rural population enjoyed the right of political representation during the early modern period. The village population of the Gottorf-Danish territories formed so called Landschaften i.e. organizations of self-government on the regional level. These Landschaften sent delegates to regional diets, where officials of the prince negotiated taxation and political questions with the representatives. However, administration was the main task of the diets. The political representation of the peasant population was extraordinary strong because in this area there were neither any privileged ecclesiastical institutions nor aristocratic dynasties nor cities with special rights. The spokespersons of the villages were the only partners the officials of the princely government negotiated with. After discussing the various communal and Landschaft offices, of which there were four types, it is suggested to see the office-holders as brokers who negotiated with both sides, the government and the rural population, but never totally identified with any of them. The officials of the communities and the Landschaften received their offices in a variety of ways, including co-option and elections. The election process was surprisingly sophisticated even though it was burdened with some practical difficulties. There was a complex system of written ballots. Some candidates ran election campaigns the leaders of the Landschaft frowned upon, because they suspected them – not without reason – to be actually attempts at bribery. Voting rights depended on property and standing in the community. In the long run, the office-holders of the rural population proved to be highly unreliable brokers. Corruption and simple incompetence began to damage the representative system as a whole. Village communities tried to out-manoeuvre their own office-holders by calling upon the authority of the prince. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the example of Brno, one of the leading royal cities in Moravia (as one of the lands of the Czech Crown), the author outlines methodological issues related to the study of the so-called heraldic burghers. In towns located on the territory of Bohemia, Moravia and Bohemian Silesia, they constituted a kind of transitional group between the townspeople and nobility, based on a royal privilege granting them a coat of arms, occasionally supplemented with an actual ennoblement. However, admission to lower nobility was conditioned by acceptance from the relevant noble community. Most of the privileged burghers thus preferred to live in the city, making their living by practicing occupations typical of the urban environment. For her study, the author uses sources of Brno provenance for the early modern period, when this class of burghers was created in connection with the so-called closing of the noble estates, as well as sources of provincial provenance previously processed in thorough editions and monographs. The urban sources include not only written materials, but also preserved burgher epitaphs and possibly also burgher seals. The author pays particular attention to the social and professional composition of the armorial burghers, their share in the city administration and, last but not least, to the creation and inheritance of their coats of arms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the requirements for career and technical education administrators across all 50 states. The decline in the number of states that require a specific career-technical administration certification/licensure to oversee secondary career and technical education (CTE) programs has continued for decades. Most states have moved towards a general administrative certification/licensure requirement. Utilizing the Internet, e-mail exchanges, and telephone calls, we collected data regarding CTE administration requirements and colleges/universities offering coursework from all 50 states. Eight states require a CTE administrative credential, and 19 universities offer CTE administration credentialing. These findings are discussed in light of their implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) is the property of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of 'Constantin Brancusi' University of Targu-Jiu. Juridical Science Series is the property of Universitatea Constantin Brancusi din Targu-Jiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Our primary aim was to compare changes in hematocrit in testosteronedeficient men treated with intranasal testosterone gel vs intramuscular testosterone cypionate. Materials and Methods: This 2-arm, open-label, randomized trial recruited men with testosterone deficiency at the University of Miami between August 2020 and October 2022. Men with 2 total testosterone levels <350 ng/dL and hypogonadal symptoms, aged 18-75 years were randomly assigned to receive either intranasal testosterone gel 11 mg 3 times daily or intramuscular testosterone cypionate 200 mg every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was change in hematocrit after 4 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum testosterone, estradiol, prostate-specific antigen, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and the 6-itemInternational Index of Erectile Function. Results: Of the 81 men randomized, 54 completed treatment (intranasal n[23; intramuscular n[31). The mean age was 47.5 vs 49.5 years, with mean baseline testosterone of 244.6 vs 240.7 ng/dL and mean hematocrit of 44.4% vs 42.7% in intranasal vs intramuscular groups, respectively. Men who received intramuscular injections had a significant increase after 4 months of treatment in mean hematocrit from 42.7% to 46.6% (P < .0001), but there was no significant change in men who received intranasal gel (P [.233). Men in both groups experienced significantly increased serum testosterone levels throughout the study period, though a larger increasewas seen inmen treated with intramuscular injections (mean change 511 vs 283, P [.025). Men who received injections also experienced an increase in estradiol (mean change 22.9, P < .001), decrease in 17-hydroxyprogesterone (mean change >39.8, P < .0001), and increase in the 6-item International Index of Erectile Function score (mean change 4.8, P [.015); men treated with intranasal gel experienced no such changes. Prostate-specific antigen levels were stable in both groups. Conclusions: Intranasal testosterone gel does not appear to significantly affect hematocrit levels. Men who wish to avoid polycythemia or changes in estradiol or 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels may benefit from short-acting testosterone therapy formulations such as intranasal gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actions of the Gondar mayor office in Gondar Town are examined in this essay, as are the elements that influenced the official mission and method of government administration during the brief reign of the Imperial Majesty (Emperor Haylä Selassie I) from 1941 to 1974. Additionally, how it was used, accountability, and the performance of Mayors or Käntibas between 1941 and 1974 will be specifically covered in the article. According to my study, the view of the mayor's administration and the level of preservation of its legacy in Gondar was influenced more by administrative requirements and urban development than by politics and nationalism. It does this by looking through administrative records pertaining to the mayor's office that has persisted in Gondar government offices. Additionally, a field survey and inventory of infrastructure such as roads, energy, transit, education, taxation, and security were prepared for the study. The majority of these infrastructures didn't work and still don't today. By discussing the hitherto overlooked successes and shortcomings of the mayor administration and its transformational impact on the city's urban landscape and growth, this paper will close a significant gap in the historiography of the mayor administration and the purpose of twentiethcentury Gondar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on a few everyday situations, this "provocation" considers the question of consent at the writing center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We expand the application of cost frontiers and introduce a novel approach using qualitative multivariable financial analyses. Summary Background Data: With the creation of a 5 + 2-year fellowship program in July 2016, the Division of Vascular Surgery at the University of Vermont Medical Center altered the underlying operational structure of its inpatient services. Method: Using WiseOR (Palo Alto, CA), a web-based OR management data system, we extracted the operating room metrics before and after August 1, 2016 service for each 4-week period spanning from September 2015 to July 2017. The cost per minute modeled after Childers et al's inpatient OR cost guidelines was multiplied by the after-hours utilization to determine variable cost. Zones with corresponding cutoffs were used to graphically represent cost efficiency trends. Results: Caseload/FTE for attending surgeons increased from 11.54 cases per month to 13.02 cases per month (P = 0.0771). Monthly variable costs/FTE increased from $540.2 to $1873 (P = 0.0138). Monthly revenue/FTE increased from $61,505 to $70,277 (P = 0.2639). Adjusted monthly reve-nue/FTE increased from $60,965 to $68,403 (P = 0.3374). Average monthly percent of adjusted revenue/FTE lost to variable costs increased from 0.85% to 2.77% (P = 0.0078). Adjusted monthly revenue/case/FTE remained the same from $5309 to $5319 (P = 0.9889). Conclusion: In summary, we demonstrate that multivariable cost (or performance) frontiers can track a net increase in profitability associated with fellowship implementation despite diminishing returns at higher caseloads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study proposes an incursion into two themes that we appreciate as topical not only for the present era, but also for those to come. It is about a compatibility between two aspects of the administration's activity that seem, somewhat at extremes: on the one hand, about articles, which give the identity of all traditional people, in the forms and fields in which they are found and manifested, and on the other hand, about the modernization of the administration, through the digitization process, of the basis were laid at the programmatic level after 1990, through I administration and I Government. Each of them, the authorities competent to carry them out, the relations between them and those with the beneficiaries of public services, the forms of manifestation are analyzed, and in the final part, of conclusions, some proposals are outlined that can be considered in order to succeed achieving that balance between preserving identity, through traditions, and "welcoming" the institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 had a significant impact on Emergency Departments (ED) with early data suggesting an initial decline in avoidable ED visits. However, the sustained impact over time is unclear. In this study, we analyzed ED discharges over a two-year time period after the COVID-19 pandemic began and compared it with a control time period pre-pandemic to evaluate the difference in ED visit categories, including total, avoidable, and unavoidable visits. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study assessing the distribution of visits with ED discharges from two hospitals within a health system over a three-year time period (1/1/2019–12/31/2021). Visits were categorized using the expanded NYU-EDA algorithm modified to include COVID-19-related visits. Categories included: Emergent - Not Preventable/Avoidable, Emergent – Preventable/Avoidable, Emergent - Primary Care Treatable, Non-Emergent, Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Abuse, Injury, and COVID-19. Chi-square testing was conducted to investigate differences within the time period before COVID-19 (1/1/2019–12/31/2019) and both initial (1/1/2020–12/31/2020) and delayed (1/1/2021–12/31/2021) COVID-19 time frames and ED visit categories, as well as post hoc testing using Fisher's exact tests with Bonferroni correction. ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni testing was used to determine differences based on daily census for each ED visit category. A total of 228,010 ED discharges (Hospital #1 = 126,858; Hospital #2 = 101,152) met our inclusion criteria over the three-year period. There was a significant difference in the distribution of NYU-EDA categories between the two time periods (pre-COVID-19 versus during COVID-19) for the combined hospitals (p < 0.001), Hospital #1 (p < 0.001), and Hospital #2 (p < 0.001). When examining daily ED discharges, there was a decline in all categories from 2019 to 2020 except for "Emergent - Not Preventable/Avoidable" which remained stable and "Substance Abuse" which increased. From 2020 to 2021, there were no differences in ED avoidable visits. However, there were increases in discharged visits related to "Injuries", "Alcohol", and "Mental health" and a decrease in "COVID-19". Our study identified a sustained decline in discharged avoidable ED visits during the two years following the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was partially offset by the increase in COVID-19 visits. This work can help inform ED and healthcare systems in resource allocation, hospital staffing, and financial planning during future COVID-19 resurgences and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic dishonesty has become a serious concern, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic era, where online learning is left as a single option in almost all academic activities. Lack of graduate ethics has an impact on attitudes in the workplace. Therefore, it is important to introduce academic integrity to students in higher education to foster an attitude of honesty in the world of work, especially ethics. Online lectures encourage students to violate academic integrity due to the lack of direct interaction and administration. This study aims to see the level of academic dishonesty that occurs during online lectures. The research was conducted by the Faculty of Economics and Business, public and private universities. The number of samples is 431 students of economics and business. We examine the effect of lecture administration, lecturerstudent interaction, and learning satisfaction on the impact of academic dishonesty. The results showed that clear administration and good interaction between lecturers and students would increase student learning satisfaction and reduce academic dishonesty. But the satisfaction that students want to achieve does not have a significant effect on the level of academic dishonesty. Implications for practice are discussed and future research directions are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at evaluating the current status quo of higher education in Palestine. It anticipates the challenges facing the higher education sector in terms of management and administration. This qualitative study was conducted by interviewing 17 of those working in senior leadership positions in higher education institutions. The study finds an urgent need for management reform. The study anticipates a vast number of challenges in terms of higher education institutions' administration where the majority of Palestinian universities suffer from an identity crisis. The study recommends the need to formulate a management reform model based on the anticipated challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Politics and administration are inextricably linked in government. As a model, the Weberian dichotomy implied that policies were developed by politicians and implemented by civil servants, with a rigorous division of tasks and no overlap in functions. The public administration reforms that have occurred in recent decades, particularly under the New Public Management and Post-New Public Management paradigms, have had an impact on the landscape of politico-administrative relations. It is evident that dealing with the interface between politico-administrative poses significant challenges for South African local government. Political meddling in administrative matters and as strained relations between key political and administrative officials in municipalities appear to be the norm. The paper explores the impact of good governance on the political-administrative interface. The article seeks to establish the effects of political interference on good governance and service delivery. The paper adopted a qualitative methodology using the desktop approach to review existing literature, such as journals, books and legislation. The study relied heavily on secondary sources for data collection to achieve its overall goal. The study will contribute to the existing theoretical and empirical literature as well as in the public administration domain with reference to the political-administrative interface. The main findings are the African National Congress cadre deployment policies, which have resulted in a variety of governance and service delivery challenges that have negatively affected municipal performance. Secondly, the study revealed that political interference creates a fuzzy dividing line between political and administrative duties. The study uncovered the global, regional, and South African contexts of politics and administrative interfaces. The study recommends a separation of powers that will ensure a clear structural division of authority between elected and administrative officials to eliminate or minimise undue political influences on public administration as well as potential conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose--This study will revisit and update the literature on the United States-led occupation of North Korea and explore the reasons for its failure, examining three key aspects: unclear direction and authority, prevalent extrajudicial violence, and widespread antipathy towards citizens residing in the occupied territory. Approach--This article has deployed archival research and other primary documents juxtaposed against a wide range of existing literature. Findings--This study first establishes what went wrong during the occupation of North Korean territory between October and December 1950, then determines which mistakes could have been avoided by allied authorities, demonstrating that the occupation of North Korea was subject to a series of unforced errors which substantially degraded the legitimacy of the overall United Nations effort in Korea. Originality--By incorporating new documents from UK archives, CIA digital collections, and some U.S. military papers, this article advances our understanding of the United States-led occupation of North Korea.C [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this review, we address adherence rates in clinical settings, barriers to compliance with dosing schedules, and potential strategies to overcome challenges in maintaining high levels of adherence. Materials and Methods: Four studies reporting real-world adherence to prostate cancer medications, 52 studies describing barriers to adherence, and 16 studies on methods to minimize poor adherence were reviewed. Results: Mean nonadherence rates of 25% to 51% have been identified in prostate cancer patients prescribed oral therapies, with higher rates in older patients. An extensive review of prostate cancer patients receiving gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone agonist injections found an overall nonadherence rate of over 27%. Patients may encounter barriers to complying with dosing instructions related to the medication (eg, complex dosing schedules, the total burden of medication management, fasting or dietary requirements, high medication costs, adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions). Barriers may also be related to patient-specific factors (eg, suboptimal education regarding the importance of adherence, physical limitations and cognitive decline associated with advancing age, living alone without a care partner, high symptom burden, needle phobia, and comorbid mental disorders). Interventions to improve dosing adherence may include automated reminders, treatment diaries, educational materials, and the involvement of patients, family members, care partners, and health care teams. Conclusions: Many oral anticancer medications improve survival in men with prostate cancer, and therefore it is vital to establish good adherence by understanding the pitfalls that patients may encounter. In situations where both oral and injectable drugs are interchangeable, injections of long-acting drugs lead to fewer opportunities for dosing nonadherence than oral therapies. In contrast, oral medicines do not require scheduling for injections and travel for injection appointments. Therefore, maximizing adherence to all treatment regimens will reduce the chance of efficacy failures and likely lead to improved clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship on Byzantine seals has broadened our understanding of both the practical and symbolic functions of these objects, as it primarily concerns their material, iconographic, and epigraphic content. This article focuses on one of only two known Byzantine seals featuring an image of an elephant. This eleventh-century seal belonged to an individual bearing the title "ἐπὶ τῶν βαρβάρων" (epi ton barbaron). Receiving little scholarly attention, this object is generally discussed in the context of other seals of the Byzantine period. I offer a new reading of this object and its image, arguing that the elephant on this seal served two primary functions: it represented its owner's claim to imperial identity, and it also symbolized its owner's reverence for the emperor. Through close iconographic and social art historical analysis, I examine the elephant's use during the Roman and Byzantine periods in three distinct categories: as a motif, as material, and as a living animal. I draw upon primary texts, seals, and ivory objects of the Byzantine period to emphasize the elephant's imperial associations. I also analyze this seal's image in conjunction with the administrative titles present in this object's inscription--epi ton barbaron, in particular. This article expands the ways in which both the iconographic and epigraphic content of Byzantine seals can be used to interpret the symbolic identities their owner's often project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Observatorio Medioambiental is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin is the current first-line treatment for high-grade nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer; however, a substantial proportion of patients are unresponsive to bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment. While cystectomy is often recommended in bladder cancer following bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure, there are numerous established therapeutic agents and pre-commercialized trials describing treatments for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer following failed bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment. Our objective in this systematic review is to characterize the efficacy of these therapeutic agents by reporting their corresponding complete response rates and toxicity profiles. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all available clinical trials evaluating therapies to treat recurring nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer after previous intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure patients who had previously failed 1 or more courses of prior bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy were included. Studies that were not in the English language, included muscle-invasive bladder cancer patient populations, or lacked a post-treatment evaluation of response were excluded. We used PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to search for relevant studies. No formal risk of bias assessment was conducted. Complete response rates for 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-treatment evaluation, progression rates, cystectomy rates, and 12 complications are reported. Results: A total of 70 studies with 73 reports evaluating 27 treatment options were retained for final analysis. These treatments were reported in 5 categories including intravesical chemotherapy, combination therapy, hyperthermia paired with intravesical chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and novel agents, with published years ranging from 1998 to 2021. Single intravesical chemotherapy and the combination of multiple intravesical chemotherapy agents demonstrate varied complete response rates of 10%-83% at 12 months. Limited clinical data evaluating hyperthermia paired with chemotherapy demonstrate 12-month complete response rates of 50%-85%. Despite these reported response rates, progression rates ranged from 0%-18%. Moreover, immunotherapeutic agents demonstrate progression rates of 7% to 22% at a median of 12 months of followup. Novel agents displayed a wide range of complete response rates (6% to 91%) at 12 months based on the treatment used. Total grade 3 toxicity rates range from 0%-55% for intravesical chemotherapy and combination intravesical chemotherapy agents, 0%-15% for hyperthermia paired with chemotherapy agents, 12%-13% for immunotherapy agents, and 0%-17% for novel agents. Conclusions: Bladder-preserving treatments accomplish moderate success in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer following bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure. As the majority of available clinical trials are single-armed uncontrolled cohorts and contain a limited number of patients, strength and comparability of the data are limited. In general, intravesical chemotherapy and hyperthermia paired with mitomycin C demonstrate some of the highest complete response rates at 12 and 24 months. Similarly, among the pre-commercialized novel agents, N-803 and gene therapy display promising results and may serve as potential future treatment for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer following failed bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment. In terms of toxicity/complication rates, both commercially available and unavailable treatments showcase low toxicity profiles for bladder cancer following bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure. The comprehensive analysis provided by this systematic review can serve as a reference for treatment decisions and clinical trial design in the bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Lead service line replacement (LSLR) is a cost‐effective and popular policy decision. The Water Infrastructure Fund Transfer Act (WIFTA) was a small, idiosyncratic program designed to help Newark, N.J., through its lead crisis. WIFTA was a mixed success but spawned a larger push for expanded federal funding for LSLR; more funding is possible if existing funding programs deliver faster replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the causes of moral distress among nurse educators. Educational administration factors can cause moral distress among nursing faculty members. Despite this, limited attention has been paid to addressing these factors. Highlighting and addressing these factors is now an essential element of organizational success. A descriptive phenomenological design was used to explore nursing faculty members' lived experiences of nursing faculty members of moral distress. Qualitative data were collected from 10 faculty members using a semi-structured interview framework. Five themes emerged a) administrative support deficit, b) administrator-faculty member rapport, c) sense of powerlessness, d) marginalization in the decision-making process, and E) being forced to work in opposition to the nursing profession value system. This study provides common themes as they pertain to causes of moral distress in academic settings. Nurse administrators can play a vital role in preventing moral distress by providing management that demonstrates human caring values and advocates for nursing faculty. Preventing moral distress in academic settings is essential to reinforce and exemplify an ideal learning environment for nursing educators and nursing students. • Universities are experiencing a rise in faculty-administration conflicts • Prevention the moral distress in academic settings is essential to reinforce an ideal learning environment for nursing students • Powerless is at the core of moral distress • University educators may feel powerless and insignificant for their inability to help their students [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sometimes risk is unavoidable in water system operations. But in some cases, drones may be able to do the same job as effectively as utility employees, eliminating danger and possibly saving time and money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011, the South African government abolished and amalgamated several poor-performing municipalities to improve service delivery to the people. Modimolle and Mookgophong local municipalities were among those that were amalgamated to improve service delivery in the Modimolle-Mookgophong precinct. However, more than a decade after the amalgamation, Modimolle-Mookgophong municipality continues to experience service delivery challenges. Hence, this study examines the factors that lead to poor service delivery in the municipality. A qualitative (subjectivist) research approach was adopted, with primary data collected through in-depth personal interviews with purposively selected respondents. As such, a non-probability judgment sampling technique was used to select a sample of eight (8) respondents from a population of the entire management and employees of Modimolle-Mookgophong Municipality. The evidence gathered indicates that service delivery in Modimolle-Mookgophong Municipality is impacted by the structure, resources, and capacity of the municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the importance of paper in the context of early modern warfare. During the war against the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 17th century, the Habsburgs were establishing a new administration in Hungary, which served both military and civil purposes. Not only did administrative tasks have to be organized, but the very success of military operations depended on the well-ordered work of the administration: communication had to be smooth, and a wide variety of tasks had to be properly and reliably processed. To fulfil these requirements, the administration needed large quantities of paper. This study follows the traces of paper in the records of the Chamber Administration in Buda and points to the vital need for paper at the heart of the new Habsburg rule. The challenges of acquiring and producing paper themselves became crucial aspects of the administration’s work. The article argues that a reliable supply of paper competed even with the distribution of arms and food to become an essential resource in warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Higher Education is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience is the property of Spenta University Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Voyager Tennis operates from 13 tennis venues in Australia and Singapore with more than 10,000 players participating each week and 100+ coaches who deliver quality tennis programs and competitions at each location. The academy is fast becoming one of the most impactful tennis organisations in the industry and views itself as responsible for growing and enhancing the game, through increasing participation, upgrading ageing tennis facilities, and developing and upskilling career tennis professionals. In this article we share some of our insights and our approach to running a successful tennis venue. These principles can be used by managers and owners of facilities to help improve participation and to contribute toward growing the game of tennis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]