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Introduction: The glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare developmental cyst of odontogenic origin that presents glandular differentiation and high recurrence potential. The objective of this case report is to present the clinicopathological characteristics of a glandular odontogenic cyst. Case Report: A 74-year-old female patient came to the office for a dental evaluation. On intraoral examination, there were no significant clinical changes. A cone beam computed tomography was requested for planning dental implants, where a hypodense multilocular lesion was observed in the anterior region of the mandible, extending from the alveolar process to the base of the mandible with a slight expansion of the cortical bone. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the material was sent for histopathological analysis. Microscopically, a virtual cystic cavity lined by stratified squamous epithelium was observed, sometimes with a cuboidal aspect of variable thickness and focal plate-like thickening. It was also noted in the epithelium several prominent mucous cells that were positive for PAS, intraepithelial cysts, superficial cells with a “hobnail” pattern, and some cells with clear cytoplasm in the basal layer. In the fibrous capsule, foci of hemosiderosis and absence of inflammation were observed. The final diagnosis was a glandular odontogenic cyst, and the dentist was instructed on the importance of patient follow-up due to the high recurrence rate of the lesion. Conclusions: As glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare lesion with unspecific clinical and radiographic characteristics, histopathological analysis becomes essential for correct diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: High-power lasers have become important for oral soft tissue lesions treatment. One advantage of high-power lasers used in oral lesion surgery compared to the cold scalpel technique is the coagulative effect and low risk of local infection. However, the disadvantages of laser therapy include thermal damage and being unsuitable for all oral soft tissue lesions. Objectives: To describe the microscopic artifacts caused in oral mucosa induced by the high-power laser when compared to the cold scalpel. Material and Methods: This systematic review critically evaluated the use of a high-power laser compared to a traditional scalpel in oral tissue lesions. A comprehensive search was performed on Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and LIVIVO databases. The gray literature included Google Scholar, Proquest, and Open gray. Results: 723 articles were retrieved, and after the different stages of critical evaluation, they were reduced to 7 articles that fully met the inclusion criteria. The most observed changes were the tissue damage clefts, blisters, hyperchromic nuclei, and thermal laser damage. The cytological artifacts generated by laser in oral epithelium such as hyperchromic nuclei, intracellular vacuolization, loss of cell attachment from the lamina propria could be critical when dysplastic changes or cellular invasion are evaluated to establish an accurate diagnosis. Conclusions: A laser is an effective tool. However, it can induce thermal epithelial and cytological artifacts that must be considered to avoid misdiagnosis in oral biopsies and consequent errors in the treatment of the patient´s lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:It has recently been demonstrated that high energy diagnostic transthoracic ultrasound and intravenous microbubbles dissolve thrombi (sonothrombolysis) and increase angiographic recanalization rates in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Objective:We sought to study the effect of sonothrombolysis on the myocardial dynamics and infarct size obtained by real-time myocardial perfusion echocardiography (RTMPE) and their value in preventing left ventricular remodeling (LVR).Methods:100 patients with STEMI were randomized into therapy [50 patients treated with sonothrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)] and control (50 patients treated with PCI). Left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, risk area (prior to treatment), myocardial perfusion defect over time (infarct size) and global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) were determined by quantitative RTMPE and speckle tracking imaging.Results:Risk area was similar in the control and therapy (19.2?10.1% vs 20.7?8.9%; p=0.56) before treatment. The therapy group presented a behavior significantly different than control over time (p<0.001). The perfusion defect decreased in therapy at 48-72h even in the subgroup of patients with no recanalization at first angiography (12.9?6.5% therapy vs 18.8?9.9% control;p=0.015). The LV-GLS was higher in the therapy than control immediately after PCI (14.1?4.1% vs 12.0?3.3%;p=0.012) and this difference was maintained over time until 6 months (17.1?3.5% vs 13.6?3.6%;p<0.001). The only predictor of LVR was treatment with sonothrombolysis. The control group was more likely to exhibit LVR with an odds ratio of 2.79 (95%CI=0.13-6.86;p=0.026).Conclusion:Sonothrombolysis reduces microvascular obstruction and improves myocardial dynamics in patients with STEMI, and is an independent predictor of LVR over time.

4-Nerolidylcatechol (4NRC), a secondary metabolite described as a potent antioxidant that presents anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, analgesic, and cytotoxic properties, has been receiving prominence in the catechol class. In this work, a theoretical DFT study of the vibrational, structural, and quantum properties of 4-nerolidylcatechol (4NRC) using the B3LYP/6-311G (2d,p) level is presented. The theoretical molecular geometry data were compared with the X-ray data of a similar molecule in the associated literature and a conformational study is presented, with the aim of providing a good comprehension of the 4NRC structural arrangement and stability. Also, HOMO-LUMO energy gap and natural bond orbitals (NBOs) were performed and discussed. The calculated UV spectrum showed similarity to the experimentally obtained data, with transitions assigned. The comparative IR studies revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds that stabilize dimeric forms are plausible and also allowed the assignment of several characteristic vibrations. Molecular docking calculations with DNA topoisomerase I-DNA complex (TOPO-I), glyceraldehyde 3-phospate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) showed binding free energies of −6.3, −6.5, and −7.6 kcal/mol, respectively, which indicates that 4NRC is a good competitive inhibitor for these enzymes.

Chronic pain is an important public health issue. Moreover, its adequate management is still considered a major clinical problem, mainly due to its incredible complexity and still poorly understood pathophysiology. Recent scientific evidence coming from neuroimaging research, particularly functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies, indicates that chronic pain is associated with structural and functional changes in several brain structures that integrate antinociceptive pathways and endogenous modulatory systems. Furthermore, the last two decades have witnessed a huge increase in the number of studies evaluating the clinical effects of noninvasive neuromodulatory methods, especially transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which have been proved to effectively modulate the cortical excitability, resulting in satisfactory analgesic effects with minimal adverse events. Nevertheless, the precise neuromechanisms whereby such methods provide pain control are still largely unexplored. Recent studies have brought valuable information regarding the recruitment of different modulatory systems and related neurotransmitters, including glutamate, dopamine, and endogenous opioids. However, the specific neurocircuits involved in the analgesia produced by those therapies have not been fully elucidated. This review focuses on the current literature correlating the clinical effects of noninvasive methods of brain stimulation to the changes in the activity of endogenous modulatory systems.

Background. Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is an uncommon benign reactive necrotizing inflammatory process involving minor salivary gland that often mimics malignancy both clinically and histopathologically. Case Report. We report the case of a healthy 26-year-old man with a painless swelling in the hard palate near the middle raphe, asymptomatic, well limited, and raised edges. The patient was submitted to incisional biopsy and histopathological examination. The histological diagnosis was necrotizing sialometaplasia. Discussion. The clinical and histological similarity between this entity and a malignant lesion implies a risk of unnecessary or mistreatment. Therefore, clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this lesion as to avoid errors in the diagnosis and treatment of this benign pathologic condition.