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This work aim to investigate the effect of sintering temperature (950–1250 °C) on structural, physical, tribological properties of nanobiomaterial Co28Cr6Mo alloy for total hip prosthesis obtained by high Energy ball milled. Several techniques such as density, porosity, microhardness, and Young’s modulus were used to assess the mechanical and physical characteristics. Tribological behavior were conducted using a ball-on-plate type Oscillating tribometer, under different applied loads (2, 10 and 20 N), under a wet condition using hank’s solution to simulate human body fluid. SEM, EDS and XRD analysis results, showed that Co-Cr-Mo alloy samples sintered exhibit the same phases created by the Co element. The alloy sintered at 1250 °C displayed the highest micro-hardness value in terms of mechanical characteristics (386.75 HV0.1.The porosity changes from 17% to 10% and endorse a higher change in Young’s modulus around 61.84 and 92.5 GPa for samples sintered beteewn 950 and 1250 °C, respectively,. A remarkable decrease in the wear rate and volume values is obtained for the sample sintered at 1250 °C (32.1610–3 μm3 (N.m)− 1) compared to other samples sintered at 1150 and 1250 °C. Under wet tribological conditions, the abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms were identified as the main degradation mechanisms for all sintered samples.

ABSTRACTPossibility neutrosophic hypersoft set is the generalisation of possibility neutrosophic soft set, and it is the blend of possibility neutrosophic set and hypersoft set. It tackles the insufficiencies of possibility intuitionistic fuzzy set and soft set for the entitlement of degree of indeterminacy and multi-argument approximate function, respectively. This kind of function maps the sub-parametric tuples to the power set of universe. It emphasises the partitioning of each attribute into its attribute-valued set that is missing in the existing fuzzy soft set-like structures. These features make it a completely new mathematical tool for solving problems dealing with uncertainties. This makes the decision-making process more flexible and reliable. This research aims to initiate a novel structure that hybridises the possibility neutrosophic set with the hypersoft set for dealing with uncertainties efficiently. Therefore, the possibility neutrosophic hypersoft set is developed by employing theoretic, axiomatic, graphical and algorithmic approaches. After conceptual characterisation of its essential elementary notions, decision-support systems are presented based on AND and OR operations with the proposal of algorithms to assist the decision-making process. Similarity measures between possibility neutrosophic hypersoft sets are elaborated with the support of daily life applications. The comparison of the proposed work is discussed with the existing relevant models under certain evaluating features.

In this study, a multi-objective minimal cost flow with possibilistic objective function coefficients (Poss-MOMCF) is studied. Under using the α-cut set of the possibilistic variables, the Poss-MOMCF problem is converted into the corresponding (α-MOMCF) and hence into the (P-MOMCF) problem. A necessary and sufficient condition for investigating the α-possibly optimal solution is established. The α-parametric optimal compromise solution is obtained via an interactive fuzzy goal programming approach. The stability set of the first kind under the concept of α-possibly optimal solution is characterised and analysed without differentiability. The methodology is finally illustrated using a numerical example for the sake of the study.

This paper attempts to study a transportation problem with costs represented by octagonal fuzzy numbers (Oct-FN) and demands randomly distributed. Here, we use the normal distribution. A fuzzy goal programming (FGP) approach is applied for obtaining the optimal compromise solution. The advantage of FGP for the decision maker is easy to explain and implement in real-life transportation. The stability set of the first kind corresponding to the optimal solution is determined. A numerical example is given to highlight the solution approach. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to fuzzy transportation problems (FTP). This will help the forthcoming researchers to enlarge this problem into the other problems with parameters like fuzzy interval integers, rough interval integers, and so on.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Rhodotorula mucilaginosain mitigating the effects of Fusarium wilt on tomato plant growth under water stress conditions. The pot experiment was conducted in a shade net house using a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replicates. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with/without R. mucilaginosaand Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. lycopersici(the causative agent of Fusarium wilt) under three water stress levels: I100 = 100% of field capacity (FC), I80 = 80% of FC, and I60 = 60% of FC. Disease severity and tomato plant growth were assessed. All treatments reduced disease incidence and severity compared with the untreated plants, and the highest reduction was achieved by yeast strain with water I80. In addition, the treatments enhanced the total phenol, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase contents in treated plants, which is a promising result. Severe stress (I60) significantly decreased tomato plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, and fresh and dry matter of tomatoes plants) compared with the control plants that received full irrigation (I100). Under all irrigation treatments, tomato plants treated with yeast produced the highest values of these parameters. The interaction between water stress, yeast strain, and Fusarium had a significant effect on tomato plant growth. The highest values of tomato plant growth were recorded in plants irrigated with mild stress (I80) and treated with yeast under Fusarium-infected tomatoes. By contrast, the lowest parameter values were obtained from plants irrigated with I60 and treated with yeast under Fusarium-infected tomatoes. Therefore, in the case of Fusarium infection, it is recommended to add yeast and apply a decreasing irrigation system I80.

This paper introduces cooperative continuous static games (CCSG) with parameters in the cost functions of the players and in the right-hand side of the constraints. The CCSG is converted into the corresponding multi-objective nonlinear programming problem. The resulted nonlinear programming problem is converted into the single objective nonlinear programming problem through the use of the weighted sum method. A solution method for obtaining the stability set of the second kind without differentiability for the CCSG is presented using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. A numerical example is given for the illustration.

The current study elaborates the mathematical modeling for peristaltic transport of Bingham nanoliquid in symmetric channel with thermal radiation. Here we used non‐Newtonian fluid model (Bingham model) define as S¯ij=2μp+Syε1+2trD¯2D¯ij,S¯≥Sy,0S¯≤Sy,.$$\begin{equation*}\hspace*{80pt} {\bar{S}}_{\textit{ij}} = \left\{ \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{c} 2\left({\mu}_{p}+\frac{{S}_{y}}{\sqrt{{\varepsilon}_{1} +\,2\textit{tr}{\bar{\mathbf{D}}}^{2}}}\right)\, {\bar{D}}_{\textit{ij}},\, {\bar{S}}\ge {S}_{y}, \\ 0{\bar{S}}\le {S}_{y,} \end{array} \right\}. \end{equation*}$$Channel boundaries are complaint nature. The equations for the flow and heat/mass transport, incorporating the aspects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion, were derived using Buongiorno's nanofluids framework. Thermal transport involves the existence of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation consequences. The model's governing equations are derived, made simpler by using long wavelengths and small Reynolds number assumptions. Numerical techniques are utilized for finding the solution of nonlinear systems of equations. Velocity, concentration, temperature, and rate of heat transfer are analyzed graphically. The findings of these investigations could improve fluid dynamics and gastrointestinal movements in a variety of engineering systems. This examination also sheds light on the physiological fluids’ easy movement through the capillaries and arteries, which supports the movement of nutrients, blood circulation, oxygen delivery, waste elimination, temperature regulation, and other essential components within the human organism.

The need for fast detection of etiological agents outside the narrow target range of pathogens that may cause an event of an infectious disease epidemic necessitates rapid sequencing technologies to be implemented in routine diagnostic procedures. We tested the performance of a PCR-free rapid nanopore barcoding assay to detect microbial species by analyzing genomic contents extracted from acute diarrheal case specimens. Sequenced reads were processed in an automated analysis module for species identification, whereas pathogenic subspecies detection was aided by a sequence similarity search against a gene-specific database. Evaluation of assay and analysis parameters (e.g., run-time, sequence length, and species hit abundance level) was carried out using a standard bacterial community for assessing detection accuracy. It was observed that longer sequence length (≥500 nucleotides) along with higher species abundance level (≥1%) can be critical for exclusion of false-negative outcomes, while increased sequencing run-time can affect the proportional abundance of true-positive species. Under optimal parameters, the sensitivity of the rapid assay remained 100% for the detection of a target species in a background of nontarget fecal (diarrheal) DNA that weighed up to 64 times the DNA of the target species. The method was applied to acute diarrheal samples. Among these, 62.5% (5/8) were in agreement with target-specific traditional diagnosis methods for the presence/absence of pathogenic agent(s), 12.5% (1/8) were in disagreement, and pathogenic agents that were not targeted by the traditional methods were revealed by sequencing for 25% (2/8) of samples. These observations suggest that further optimization and evaluation of the rapid nanopore sequencing method could potentiate the widening of the range of pathogens that can be detected in acute diarrheal samples in the context of regular diagnostic needs as well as epidemics.

Hybrid nanofluids can provide better physical strength, thermal conductivity, and mechanical resistance in many thermodynamic systems than pure nanofluids. To establish the novel results, using superior types of hybrid nanoparticles like graphene oxide (GO) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) is the main focus of recent work. This study investigates the innovative thermal and magnetic features of both pure nanofluid GO/engine oil (EO) and hybrid nanofluid GO–Fe3O4/EO under the simultaneous effects of induced as well as applied magnetic field. The chemical reaction phenomenon together with activation energy has also been taken into account. A novel algorithm based on order reduction and finite difference discretization is developed in order to numerically treat the problem. The efficiency of the code is appraised by a numerical comparison which is found to be in a good correlation with the existing results. From the consequences of this study, it is deduced that the reduction in induced magnetic field and fluid’s velocity (in case of either pure or hybrid nanofluid) is associated with the enlarging values of magnetic Prandtl number and induced magnetic field parameter. Further, activation energy is responsible for enhancement in concentration. The hybrid nano-composition of GO–Fe3O4/EO can provide the thermal stability, prevent the corrosion and make the liquid to stay in high temperature.

The mechanism of transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive cancer is elusive but recently changes in the myoepithelial cells (MECs) have been implicated. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in gene profile of MECs in DCIS that could compromise their tumor suppressor function leading to promotion of tumor progression. Immuno-laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to isolate MECs from normal and DCIS breast tissues followed by whole genome expression profiling using Affymetrix HGU-133 plus2.0 arrays. The data were analyzed using Bioconductor packages then validated by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Ingenuity Pathways software analysis showed clustering of most of the altered genes in cancer and cell death networks, with the Wnt/B-cateninpathway as the top canonical pathway. Validation revealed a 71.4% correlation rate with the array results. Most dramatic was upregulation of Fibronectin 1(FN1) in DCIS-associated MECs. Immunohistochemistry analysis for FN1on normal and DCIS tissues confirmed a strong correlation between FN1protein expression by MECs and DCIS (P<0.0001) and between high expression level and presence of invasion (P=0.006) in DCIS. Other validated alterations in MEC expression profile included upregulation of Nephronectin and downregulation of parathyroid hormone like hormone (PTHLH), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), ADAMTS5, TGFBR3, and CAV1. In vitro experiments revealed downregulation of PTHLHin DCIS-modified MECs versus normal lines when cultured on Fibronectin matrix. This is the first study to use this in vivo technique to investigate molecular changes in MECs in DCIS. This study adds more evidences to the molecular deviations in MECs toward tumor progression in DCIS through upregulation of the tumor-promoting molecules that may lead to novel predictive and therapeutic targets.

Semigroup (SG) is a prominent algebraic structure having an associative binary operation. The theories of fuzzy sets (FSs) and rough sets (RSs) are invented to combat the uncertainty and vagueness of the data. Furthermore, the notion of the bipolar fuzzy set (BFS) is one of the significant generalizations that can accommodate the fuzziness, uncertainty and bipolarity of the data in real-life dilemmas. This article aims to study the roughness of (α,β)-bipolar fuzzy ideals ((α,β)-BFIs) in SGs. In this article, firstly, we will portray the characterization of SGs based on their (α,β)-BFIs, and then this idea is expanded to the approximations of (∈,∈∨q)-BFIs in SGs by defining a congruence relation (CR) on the SG. Besides, it becomes apparent that CR and complete CR (CCR) are crucial in constructing rough approximations of (α,β)-BFIs. Consequently, their respective features are analyzed via CR and CCR.

Rough sets (RSs) and fuzzy sets (FSs) are designed to tackle the uncertainty in the data. By taking into account the control or reference parameters, the linear Diophantine fuzzy set (LD-FS) is a novel approach to decision making (DM), broadens the previously dominant theories of the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS), Pythagorean fuzzy set (PyFS), and q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS), and allows for a more flexible representation of uncertain data. A promising avenue for RS theory is to investigate RSs within the context of LD-FS, where LD-FSs are approximated by an intuitionistic fuzzy relation (IFR). The major goal of this article is to create a novel method of roughness for LD-FSs employing an IFR over dual universes. The notions of lower and upper approximations of an LD-FS are established by using an IFR, and some axiomatic systems are carefully investigated in detail. Moreover, a link between LD-FRSs and linear Diophantine fuzzy topology (LDF-topology) has been established. Eventually, based on lower and upper approximations of an LD-FS, several similarity relations are investigated. Meanwhile, we apply the recommended model of LD-FRSs over dual universes for solving the DM problem. Furthermore, a real-life case study is given to demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of our designed approach. Finally, we conduct a detailed comparative analysis with certain existing methods to explore the effectiveness and superiority of the established technique.

The burning of agricultural waste is a major cause of environmental pollution. In this study, we sought to prepare biochar from agricultural waste as a source material for the preparation of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Surface morphology, hydrodynamic particle size, and purity and crystallinity of CNPs were extensively investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta sizing, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, respectively. The CNPs were subsequently immersed in a solution of potassium nitrate (KNO3) to prepare a CNPs/NK nanocomposite (CNPs loaded with nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)) as a nanocomposite fertilizer for common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). The CNPs/NK nanocomposite was sprayed as a foliar fertilizer at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L–1on common bean plants 25 d after sowing on a farm in Shebin El-Kom, El-Monifia, Egypt. The growth, yield, and quality of common bean were investigated during two successive growing seasons (2017 and 2018). The highest seed yields of 2.04 and 2.01 t ha–1and the highest values of growth parameters including plant height of 61.5 and 59.2 cm, number of leaves per plant of 35 and 35, number of flowers per plant of 83.3 and 82.7, and plant fresh weight of 148.7 and 152.8 g plant–1were obtained when using the CNPs/NK nanocomposite at a concentration of 20 mg L–1during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, respectively.

In this study, the sorption of oil from seawater using chitosan grafted poly(butyl acrylate) copolymer was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of various parameters such as time, initial oil concentration, temperature, sorbent dose, and agitation rate on the oil sorption capacity was investigated. Plackett–Burman design was utilized for screening the various sorption parameters. RSM was adopted to acquire the best sorption conditions of two chitosan derivatives namely; CS-g-poly(ButA10) and CS-g-poly(ButA20). In this respect, the Box–Behnken design was applied. A second-order-polynomial model indicated that the sorption was very useful and able to achieve highest sorption capacity ranged from 79.56 to 92.29 g/g using grafted chitosan derivatives compared to 35.2 g/g for native chitosan in 180 min, 41.23–50 g/L of oil concentration, 38°C–41°C at 155–160 rpm. These findings nominate the fabricated CS-g-poly(ButA10) sorbent as an effectual and promising oil sorbent for environmental control of crude heavy oil spills.

This article attempts to study cost minimizing multi-objective fractional solid transportation problem with fuzzy cost coefficients c˜ijkr{\tilde{c}}_{ijk}^{r}, fuzzy supply quantities a˜i{\tilde{a}}_{i}, fuzzy demands b˜j{\tilde{b}}_{j}, and/or fuzzy conveyances e˜k{\tilde{e}}_{k}. The fuzzy efficient concept is introduced in which the crisp efficient solution is extended. A necessary and sufficient condition for the solution is established. Fuzzy geometric programming approach is applied to solve the crisp problem by defining membership function so as to obtain the optimal compromise solution of a multi-objective two-stage problem. A linear membership function for the objective function is defined. The stability set of the first kind is defined and determined. A numerical example is given for illustration and to check the validity of the proposed approach.

In the fluidic system, Hall and Ion slip parameters play a critical role in reducing heat dissipation. In the present work, mathematical equations of Eyring–Powell nanofluid are used to simulate the behaviour of partially ionized bioconvection fluid for heat and mass transfer, gyrotactic microorganisms motion in the presence of a magnetic field, Hall and Ion slip, Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and heat source/sink effects. Convective boundary conditions are used. The governing partial differential equations with boundary conditions resulting from the flow of Eyring–Powell nanofluid are transformed into nonlinear system and then computed using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The impacts of all the non-dimensional parameters on the velocities, temperature, nanoparticles concentration, and density of gyrotactic microorganisms are depicted and explained by using the graphs with varying values. There exists a nice agreement between the present and published work.

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are considered the main component of milk fat; possess significant functional roles from the technological, nutritional and physiological points of view. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to identify the molecular species composition of TAGs in buffalo, camel, and ewe milk powders. The separation of TAGs was achieved by using two mobile phases; acetonitrile/isopropanol (1:9, v/v) as mobile phase A, and 40% acetonitrile as mobile phase B, the binary gradient elution allowed the separation of milk TAGs in consistent with the increase in partition number. More than 180 TAGs in buffalo milk, 90 TAGs in camel milk, and 129 TAGs in ewe milk were unambiguously identified, and the most abundant molecular species in the three types of milk powders were detected at mass to charge (m/z) values of 682.53, 822.67, and 656.53, respectively. The total acyl carbon numbers of buffalo milk TAGs ranged between 26 and 54, with double bonds from 0 to 6. While, the total acyl carbon numbers of camel milk TAGs ranged between 42 and 54, with double bonds from 0 to 3. The total acyl carbon numbers of ewe milk TAGs ranged between 26 and 52, with double bonds from 0 to 2. The major fatty acids (FAs) in the different types of milk powders were myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic. The positional distribution of saturated FAs at the sn-2 position was higher in buffalo milk powder as compared to camel and ewe milk powders. This study reports a comprehensive identification of TAGs molecular species in different types of milk powders.

Macacine herpesvirus or B Virus (BV) is a zoonotic agent that leads to high mortality rates in humans if transmitted and untreated. Here, BV is used as a test case to establish a two-step procedure for developing high throughput serological assays based on synthetic peptides. In step 1, peptide microarray analysis of 42 monkey sera (30 of them tested BV positive by ELISA) revealed 1148 responses against 369 different peptides. The latter could be grouped into 142 different antibody target regions (ATRs) in six different glycoproteins (gB, gC, gD, gG, gH, and gL) of BV. The high number of newly detected ATRs was made possible inter alia by a new preanalytical protocol that reduced unspecific binding of serum components to the cellulose-based matrix of the microarray. In step 2, soluble peptides corresponding to eight ATRs of particularly high antigenicity were synthesized and coupled to fluorescently labeled beads, which were subsequently employed in immunochemical bead flow assays. Their outcome mirrored the ELISA results used as reference. Hence, convenient, fast, and economical screening of arbitrarily large macaque colonies for BV infection is now possible. The study demonstrates that a technology platform switch from two-dimensional high-resolution peptide arrays used for epitope discovery to a readily available bead array platform for serology applications is feasible.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of amlodipine and diltiazem (calcium channel blockers) in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy in rats. Eighty male albino rats weighing (130-180 g) were used in this study. These animals were subdivided into five groups; Group I: control group, Group II: diabetic ischaemic rats treated with insulin for 12 weeks, Group III: diabetic ischaemic rats treated with insulin and captopril for 12 weeks, Group IV: diabetic ischaemic rats treated with insulin and diltiazem for 12 weeks, Group V: diabetic ischaemic rats treated with insulin and amlodipine for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiments, urine and blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis and kidney samples were taken for histopathological evaluation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) produced a significant increase in rat kidney weight, creatinine clearance and a highly significant increase in kidney/body weight (K/B) ratio, random blood glucose, 24 h urine volume and protein and serum creatinine. While renal ischaemia alone produced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), BUN and serum creatinine, it produced a significant decrease in creatinine clearance. Combination of renal ischaemia with DM also produced a significant increase in rat kidney weight and BUN levels and a significant increase in K/B ratio, random blood glucose, 24-h urine volume and protein and creatinine concentration. Moreover, this combination produced a significant decrease in creatinine clearance. Insulin, when given alone produced a significant reduction of the enlarged rat kidney weight and elevated K/B ratio, blood glucose and 24-h urine volume. Treatment with diltiazem or amlodipine significantly lowered the elevated SBP and 24-h urine volume. Furthermore, treatment with captopril significantly lowered the elevated SBP, serum creatinine, K/B ratio and proteinuria. Light microscopic examination of kidneys from diabetic animals revealed glomerulopathy characterized by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial matrix expansion, arteriole hyalinosis and large proteinaceous deposits occluding capillary loops and hyaline proteinaceous droplets within the glomeruli. Moreover, examination of the kidneys of ischaemic animals by light microscopy revealed focal tubular necrosis at multiple points along the nephron, and occlusion of tubular lamina by eosinophilic hyaline casts or pigmented granular casts particularly in distal tubules. There was an interstitial oedema and accumulation of leukocytes within the dilated vasa recta. Treatment with insulin alone did not reverse the histopathological changes. Treatment with captopril did not reverse the morphological changes in the glomeruli and the casts did not disappear. However, treatment with diltiazem and amlodipine improved many histopathological changes. In conclusion, diltiazem and amlodipine ameliorated the signs of diabetic nephropathy. (Int J Diab Metab 14:39-49, 2006)

Three types of calcium channels have been identified voltage-sensitive, receptor operated (cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle) and stretch operated (in some blood vessels) channels. Using electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques, three different types of voltage-gated calcium channels have been identified, namely, L-type (for long lasting, large channels), T–type (for transient, tiny channels) and N–type (for neuronal, neither L nor T). Many compounds are known to have a calcium channel inhibitory effect. Calcium antagonists, based on the specificity of inhibition of the slow calcium current, can be classified into three groups: Group A: for 90 to 100 percent inhibition of calcium influx without change in the sodium current (verapamil, diltiazem and the dihydropyridines); Group B: for 50 to 70 percent inhibition of calcium influx current without change in the sodium current (bepridil, cinnarizine and prenylamine) and Group C: for agents exhibiting some inhibition of calcium influx (phenytoin, indomethacin and propranolol). There is now increasing evidence that, certain calcium channel blockers especially the dihydropyridines are more strongly associated with vasodilation of afferent arterioles than of efferent arterioles and also with increase intraglomerular pressure and albuminuria. Thus they have a beneficial effect in terms of reducing proteinuria and slowing the progression of diabetic renal failure

Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is a chronic renal disease (CRD) and a major cause of illness and premature death in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is the single most important cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world and accounts for more than a quarter of all end-stage renal diseases. This article reviews the current development in DNP and the therapeutic challenge with particular reference to the role of calcium channel blockers. Moreover, renal ischaemia hastens the progression of DNP. Diltiazem and amlodipine have a tendency to reverse the changed parameters toward normal values but do not affect the biochemical parameters. Generally speaking, diltiazem is better than amlodipine in reversing biochemical and histopathological changes produced by DNP, and captopril reverses most of the changed parameters with the exception of the histopathological changes. These agents have nephroprotective properties and delay the progression of DNP.

Nanofluidics have better thermal properties than regular fluids, which makes them useful for heat transfer applications. This research investigated the complex dynamics of confined magnetic forces that influence the rotation of nanostructures and vortex formation in a tri-hybrid nanofluid (Ag, Al2O3, TiO2) flow regime. The study shows that the magnetic field can change the flow and heat transfer of nanofluidic, depending on its direction and strength. The study also provides insights into the complex physics of nanofluid flow and heat transfer, which can help design devices that use nanofluids more efficiently for cooling electronics, harvesting solar energy, and generating power from fuel cells. We used a single-phase model to model the nanofluids while the governing partial differential equations were solved numerically. An alternating-direction implicit approach has been employed to analyze the impact of confined magnetic fields on the nanofluid flow and thermal properties. Unlike previous studies that assumed uniform magnetic fields, we introduced multiple confined magnetic fields in the form of horizontal and vertical strips. Using our custom MATLAB codes, we systematically examined various parameters, including the magnetic field strength, number of strips and their position, and nanoparticle volume fraction, to assess their effects on nanofluid flow and thermal characteristics. Our findings revealed that the confined Lorentz force induced the spinning of tri-hybrid nanoparticles, resulting in a complicated vortex structure within the flow regime. In the absence of a magnetic field, a single symmetric vortex can be seen in the flow field. However, the introduction of magnetic sources stretches this vortex until it splits into two smaller, weaker vortices in the lower cavity, rotating clockwise or counterclockwise. Furthermore, the magnetic field strength significantly reduces both skin friction and the Nusselt number, while Reynolds numbers mainly affect the Nusselt number.

•We have analyzed the Non-Newtonian Casson fluid flow using ANNs.•The mechanism of mass and energy transmission is based on generalised Fick’s and Fourier laws.•An incompressible MHD boundary layer flow of Darcy-Forchheimer Casson fluid across a stretching sheet is particularized.•The flow incorporates the effects of Hall and ion slip phenomena and occurs steadily over a stretchable linear surface.•The flow has been articulated in form of system of PDEs, which are solved via ANNs.

Background: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearumis considered one of the most important diseases that cause economic losses to many economic crops and spread in many regions around the world, especially in the subtropical tropics and some warm temperate regions of the world. In this study the aqueous plant extract of Rosemarinus officinalisand Pseudomonas fluorescensfor their antagonistic activity against bacterial wilt in vitro, greenhouse and population of R, solanacearumin plants was study. Results: Following intensive screening studies, aqueous plant extract of R. officinalisand P. fluorescenswas selected to study their effectiveness against bacterial wilt of potato plants and their antimicrobial activity or induction of systemic resistance in plants. In greenhouse, all soil drenching treatments on potato plants significantly reduced disease incidence of potato bacterial wilt than infected control. R. officinalis, P. fluorescensmixture between plant extract and endophytic bacteria and streptomycin reduced profoundly the disease severity by 75.51, 65.0 77.9 and 81.00%, respectively, than the infected control (83.71%). The plant extract and microorganism significantly increased fresh and dry weight of potato plants (g) per plant compared to non-treated control plants. R. officinalis, P. fluorescensmixture between plant extract and endophytic bacterium and streptomycin increased fresh weight from 100.1 to 169.9 compared to infected control also increased dry weight from 68.4 in streptomycin to 170.4% in mixture of plant extract and endophytic bacterium. The populations of bacterial pathogen R. solanacearumwere lowest in stem of potato plants treated with plant extracts than in inoculated control plants (50%). In general, the total phenols increased in both inoculated and non-inoculated potato plants. Conclusions: Ralstonia officinalisand P. fluorescensshowed a strong in vitro activity in relation growth limitation of R. solanacearumas well as limiting the development of bacterial wilt disease on potato plants under greenhouse conditions.

In the current study, we numerically analyze the significance of motile microbes on the magnetohydrodynamic steady convective streams of tangent hyperbolic (TH) nanofluid flow across an elastic nonlinearly stretching surface of an irregular thickness. The consequences of an external magnetic field, thermal radiation, and thermal conductivity are also examined on the TH nanofluid. The governing system of equations (nonlinear set of partial differential equations) is transfigured into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using the similarity variable conversions. Furthermore, the reduced form of nonlinear ODEs is numerically computed through the parametric continuation method (PCM) using MATLAB software. The relative evaluation is carried out to authenticate the numerical outcomes. It has been observed that the energy field accelerates with the Rayleigh number, Weissenberg number, and Brownian motion. The mass propagation ratio improves with the effect of activation energy and decreases with the influence of chemical reactions. Furthermore, the motile microbes’ profile declined with the outcome of the Peclet and Lewis numbers. The skin friction increases up to 7.3% with various magnetic values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. However, the energy transfer rate declines to 5.92%. The thermal radiation boosts the energy propagation rate and flow velocity by up to 11.23 and 8.17%, respectively.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Egypt and worldwide. Gene expression profiling classifies DLBCL into: germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non germinal center B cell-like (non-GCB) DLBCL. Hans’ algorithm has high concordance with gene expression profiling results. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent important modulators for the interaction between lymphoma cells and host microenvironment. FOXP3 is a popular single marker for Tregs. There is little information about the possible role of Tregs in high-grade lymphoma such as DLBCL. This study aims to assess the prognostic impact of FOXP3+ Tregs in DLBCL. The study was carried out on 70 archival cases (61 de novo DLBCL and 9 reactive follicular hyperplasia cases). DLBCL cases were classified into GCB and non-GCB groups using Hans’ algorithm. All studied cases are subjected to FOXP3 immunostaining. Density of FOXP3+ Tregs was higher in reactive cases compared with DLBCL (P=0.000). In DLBCL cases, FOXP3 expression was associated with free spleen (P=0.02), early stage (P=0.05), centroblastic variant (P=0.003), and absence of necrosis (P=0.05). In germinal cases, density of FOXP3 was significantly higher in cases with good PS (P=0.02), very good and good revised international prognostic index (P=0.002), and low-risk age-adjusted international prognostic index >60 (P=0.01). Non germinal DLBCL cases with negative FOXP3 were significantly associated with splenic involvement (P=0.005). DLBCL cases with high FOXP3 have longer survival (P=0.03). T cells in the background of DLBCL may play a role in modulation of tumor progression. Their presence is associated with favorable prognostic parameters in DLBCL.

AbstractA detailed structure and sedimentology interpretation was performed for the South Mansoura-1 well. The Formation Micro Imager (FMI) is recorded and interpreted over the interval 9100–8009 ft. This interval belongs to Sidi Salem and Qawasim Formations. Based on azimuth trend of manually picked dips (bed boundaries), the interval can be divided into 4 structural dip zones (Zone 1 (9100–8800 ft), variable azimuth direction with the major trends mainly to SW&NE; Zone 2 (8800–8570 ft), bedding dip azimuth is mainly to the NW; Zone 3 (8570–8250 ft), bedding dip azimuth is mainly to the NE; and Zone 4 (8250–8009 ft), bedding dip azimuth is mainly to the NW). Lamination identified over the interval shows a dominant dip azimuth trend toward North North-West direction. The interbedded shale units are highly laminated and show little evidence of bioturbation. Sand exhibits abundant cross bedding showing a dominant dip azimuth trends toward NNE and NE and more locally to the E. Sixteen truncations identified over the interval show variable azimuth trend with the major trend mainly to the North North-West.

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is an enzyme whose expression is very limited in normal tissues and it is highly expressed in various cancers. Therefore, inhibition of CAIX is considered as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of solid tumors where hypoxic environment has developed. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CAIX in breast cancer (BC) of Egyptian patients and to investigate the associations of CAIX expression with the standard clinicopathologic features, IHC subtypes of BC, and overall survival. This retrospective study was conducted on 56 archival cases of Egyptian BC patients. Fifty-one of 56 cases (91.1%) showed positive expression of CAIX with cytoplasmic localization, whereas 5 cases (8.9%) showed negative expression. CAIX IHC overexpression is significantly associated with advanced stage and presence of coagulative tumor cell necrosis (P=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed Ki67 labeling index and CAIX H-score grouping (P=0.03 and 0.02, respectively) as independent prognostic factors affecting BC patients’ overall survival. We concluded that CAIX could play a role in the progression of the studied BC cases. CAIX is a good candidate for target therapy.

•The studied rocks comprise two principal facies: lower argillaceous and upper carbonate.•The recorded microfacies were deposited in shallow open marine environment.•The argillaceous facies represents highstand systems tract.•The carbonate facies represents transgressive systems tract.•Two fourth-fifth order sequences were recognized in the Qarara Formation.