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Background: Filipino Americans constitute 12% and 4% of the respective populations of Hawaii and California, with a large proportion of immigrants experiencing increasing cancer rates. This study investigated the incidence of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers by generational status in the Multiethnic Cohort. Methods: We analyzed 10,495 Filipino Multiethnic Cohort first-, second-, and third-generation participants, in which 26.8% were of mixed race and ethnicity. Linkage to statewide cancer registries identified 375 breast, 249 colorectal, and 436 prostate cancer incident cases. Cox models were used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between generational status and cancer incidence. Models were adjusted for age at cohort entry and cancer-specific covariates that were chosen based on stepwise regression. Results: Compared with the first generation, colorectal cancer showed a significantly higher incidence in the second and third generations with respective HRs of 1.43 (95% CI, 1.04, 1.98) and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.29, 2.38). This association was attenuated after adjustment for relevant covariates. Breast cancer incidence was elevated in the third versus first generation (HR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.63) even in the fully adjusted model, whereas little difference was observed for prostate cancer. Conclusions: In this prospective study, we found differences in incidence by generational status, specifically colorectal cancer among men and female breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In total hip arthroplasty (THA) for severe dislocations such as Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), sufficient bone volume for stable fixation of the acetabular component can be achieved by placing a reinforcing bone graft prepared from the resected femoral head into the deficient acetabulum. The purpose of the current study was to examine the long-term survivorship of uncemented THA in conjunction with a bulk femoral head autograft in patients who have Crowe type IV DDH. A total of 35 patients (42 hips) who have Crowe type IV DDH and underwent THA using uncemented cup fixation with bulk femoral head autografting were followed up for a mean period of 15.0 years (range, 10.0 to 20.0) postoperatively. Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were used for measurements such as the horizontal coverage of the grafted bone and the center-edge angle. Kaplan–Meier survivorship analyses were performed with revision of the acetabular component as the endpoint. The Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated 15-year survival rates of 90.4%. The mean horizontal coverage of grafted bone was 46.1% (range, 23.7 to 66.0), and there were 16 cases with horizontal coverage of ≥ 50%. There was no difference in the appearance of a thin (< 1 mm) radiolucency line around the cup between cases with < 50% versus ≥ 50% of the horizontal coverage of grafted bone (4 versus 2 hips; P =.446). Trabecular bridging and remodeling were seen in all cases after mean periods of 4.1 and 9.0 months postoperatively, respectively. Trabecular reorientation was seen in 41 of 42 hips (97.6%) at a mean follow-up of 19.9 months. Acetabular reconstruction with femoral bulk bone grafting for Crowe type IV DDH resulted in high survival rates and was a good method to restore bone stock and obtain long-term fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A malfunction of the cooling system of high-level liquid waste (HLLW) and the failure of countermeasures may lead to the evaporation to dryness due to the loss of cooling functions (EDLCF) of the HLLW. In the EDLCF, ruthenium (Ru) can be released at a greater fraction to the initial amount than the other elements in HLLW by forming gaseous Ru. It is important to identify the chemical form of the released gaseous Ru to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the events impacting the source term assessment of Ru in this accident, such as particle formation, gas absorption, and deposition on migration pathways. In this study, we observed the ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy of the off-gas generated during the heating of a HLLW simulant. Employing a program that allows for the separation and quantification of known components within the spectrum [ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4), nitrogen dioxide, and nitric acid], we attempted to analyze the composition of gaseous Ru within the generated off-gas. Our findings revealed RuO4 as the main component of the gaseous Ru in the off-gas after comparing the total amount of released Ru and the RuO4 released amount obtained via spectroscopic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ・Nutritional status effects on ADL by frailty status were examined in patients with HF. • ・The association between nutritional status and ADL varied depending on frailty status. • ・Evaluation of both frailty and nutritional status is important to improve ADL. We aimed to determine the association between changes in nutritional status and the activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge, considering frailty status of older patients with heart failure (HF). This study included 491 older inpatients with HF categorized into the following groups based on their clinical frailty scale (CFS) scores: low, intermediate, and high. Changes in nutritional status were assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status score at admission and discharge. The outcome variable was Barthel Index (BI) at discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated an association between improvement in nutritional status and high BI at discharge in both the low and intermediate CFS groups (odds ratio [OR], 2.18 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–4.58]), (OR, 2.45 [1.21–4.95]), respectively. Improvement in the ADL at discharge in older patients with HF was associated with improved nutritional status during hospitalization in the low and intermediate CFS groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of four crude oil degrading bacteria strains (Pseudomonas putidastrainAY001, Alcaligenes aquatilis B61, Winkia neuii B12 and Enterococcus casseliflavus AAOO-1) on the physicochemical parameters of water from River Erhoike, in Kokori, Delta State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results obtained show that The pH ranged between 6.3 and 7.3, the dissolved oxygen ranged between 5.80±0.10 and 10.00±0.20, the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate was 70% and results showed that Pseudomonas putida strainAY001 which had 70% crude oil degradation rate ranked the best among others, making it good indigenous bacteria with a great potential to perform bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depleting glutathione by xCT inhibition induces iron-dependent ferroptotic cell death, which is suppressed by lipophilic antioxidants. We screened food extracts with xCTKO-MEFs, identifying garlic extracts as particularly potent in inhibiting ferroptosis among the food extracts examined in this study. xCTKO-MEFs can serve as a convenient tool for identifying food extracts that are effective in inhibiting ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep-sea organisms are subjected to extreme conditions; therefore, understanding their adaptive strategies is crucial. We utilize Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to investigate pressure-dependent protein regulation and piezo-adaptation. Using yeast deletion library analysis, we identified 6 poorly characterized genes that are crucial for high-pressure growth, forming novel functional modules associated with cell growth. In this study, we aimed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of high-pressure adaptation in S. cerevisiae , focusing on the role of MTC6. MTC6 , the gene encoding the novel glycoprotein Mtc6/Ehg2, was found to stabilize tryptophan permease Tat2, ensuring efficient tryptophan uptake and growth under high pressure at 25 MPa. The loss of MTC6 led to promoted vacuolar degradation of Tat2, depending on the Rsp5-Bul1 ubiquitin ligase complex. These findings enhance our understanding of deep-sea adaptations and stress biology, with broad implications for biotechnology, environmental microbiology, and evolutionary insights across species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytes, known as efferocytosis, plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis. Defects in efferocytosis can lead to inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, the maintenance and promotion of efferocytosis are considered crucial for preventing these diseases. In this study, we observed that resveratrol, a representative functional food ingredient, and its glycoside, piceid, promoted efferocytosis in both human THP-1 macrophages differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and peritoneal macrophages from thioglycolate-elicited mice. Resveratrol and piceid significantly increased mRNA expression and protein secretion of MFG-E8 in THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, the activation of efferocytosis and the increment in MFG-E8 protein secretion caused by resveratrol or piceid treatment were canceled by MFG-E8 knockdown in THP-1 macrophages. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time that resveratrol and piceid promote efferocytosis through the upregulation of MFG-E8 excretion in human THP-1 macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze post-coronectomy complications, chronological root survival rate (success rate) using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and postoperative radiographic signs for root extraction. A total of 555 mandibular third molar coronectomies were clinically and radiologically evaluated (mean follow-up period, 27.2 months; range, 1 month to 10.5 years). Complications were observed in 22 (4.0%) cases. Temporary inferior alveolar nerve damage was observed in one (0.2%) case, and 21 (3.8%) retained roots required extraction between 1 and 64 months after coronectomy due to dry socket (two cases, 0.4%), primary non-wound closure (10 cases, 1.8%), secondary root exposure (seven cases, 1.3%), and submucosal root eruption (two cases, 0.4%). Residual enamel after coronectomy was more significantly found on 13 (61.9%) of 21 extracted roots than on 30 (5.6%) of 534 surviving roots. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an overall survival rate of 93.8% at 5 years and 92.2% at 10 years. The 5-year survival rates differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the enamel-free (97.0%) and residual enamel-attached (58.3%) roots. The Cox proportional hazards model showed a hazard ratio of 20.87 (95% confidence interval, 8.58–50.72). The long-term outcomes of coronectomy were satisfactory, and a higher success rate is expected when the enamel is completely removed during coronectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While seasonality of hospital-acquired infections, including incisional SSI after orthopaedic surgery, is recognized, the seasonality of incisional SSI after general and gastroenterological surgeries remains unclear. To analyse the seasonality and risk factors of incisional SSI after general and gastroenterological surgeries. This was a retrospective, single-institute, observational study using univariate and multivariate analyses. The evaluated variables included age, sex, surgical approach, surgical urgency, operation time, wound classification, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS). A total of 8436 patients were enrolled. General surgeries (N = 2241) showed a pronounced SSI incidence in summer (3.9%; odds ratio (OR): 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–3.27; P = 0.025) compared to other seasons (2.1%). Conversely, gastroenterological surgeries (N = 6195) showed a higher incidence in winter (8.3%; OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10–1.73; P = 0.005) than in other seasons (6.1%). Summer for general surgery (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.12–3.24; P = 0.018) and winter for gastroenterological surgery (1.46; 1.17–1.82; P = 0.001) emerged as independent risk factors for incisional SSI. Open surgery (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.73–4.29; P < 0.001) and an ASA-PS score ≥3 (1.64; 1.08–2.50; P = 0.021) were independent risk factors for incisional SSI in patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery during winter. Seasonality exists in the incisional SSI incidence following general and gastroenterological surgeries. Recognizing these trends may help enhance preventive strategies, highlighting the elevated risk in summer for general surgery and in winter for gastroenterological surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopic resection is a minimally invasive treatment for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). Post–endoscopic resection scars complicate en-bloc resection, even with advanced techniques, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection. The cryoballoon ablation system (CBAS) effectively manages Barrett's esophagus but has limited evidence in SESCC treatment, particularly on post–endoscopic resection scars. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the CBAS for treating SESCC on post–endoscopic resection scars. This prospective study was conducted at 2 tertiary referral centers in Japan in patients endoscopically diagnosed with T1a SESCC on the post–endoscopic resection scar. Focal CBAS was used for cryoablation, with specific criteria for lesion selection and treatment method. The primary endpoint was the rate of local complete response (L-CR) of the primary lesion 48 weeks after the first cryoablation as evaluated by an independent central evaluation committee. From October 2020 to October 2021, 15 patients with 17 lesions underwent cryoablation, with 2 requiring repeat cryoablation. The L-CR rate for primary and all lesions evaluated by the central evaluation committee was 100%. The endoscopist's evaluation was consistent with these results. The median procedure time was 9 minutes. Eight patients experienced no pain, and the highest pain score reported on a numeric rating scale from 1 to 10 was 3. The technical success rate was 94.7% (18/19). Throughout the median follow-up period of 14.3 months, recurrences, deaths, or severe treatment-related adverse events were not reported. CBAS is a potentially safe and effective approach for SESCC on post–endoscopic resection scars and represents an encouraging alternative to traditional endoscopic treatments. (Clinical trial registration numbers: NCT03097666 and jRCT1080225331.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to elucidate whether the administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) results in remodeling- or modeling-based bone formation in different regions of the murine femora, and whether the PTH-driven bone formation would facilitate osteoblastic differentiation into osteocytes. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were employed to examine the distribution of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), PHOSPHO1, podoplanin, and calcein labeling in two distinct long bone regions: the metaphyseal trabeculae close to the chondro-osseous junction (COJ) and those distant from the COJ in three mouse groups, a control group receiving a vehicle (sham group) and groups receiving hPTH (1–34) twice a day (PTH BID group) or four times a day (PTH QID group) for two weeks. The sham group showed PHOSPHO1-reactive mature osteoblasts localized primarily at the COJ, whereas the PTH BID/QID groups exhibited extended lines of PHOSPHO1-reactive osteoblasts even in regions distant from the COJ. The PTH QID group displayed fragmented calcein labeling in trabeculae close to the COJ, whereas continuous labeling was observed in trabeculae distant from the COJ. Osteoblasts tended to express podoplanin and PHOSPHO1 independently in the close and distant regions of the sham group, while osteoblasts in the PTH-administered groups showed immunoreactivity of podoplanin and PHOSPHO1 together in the close and distant regions. Administration of PTH may accelerate remodeling-based bone formation in regions close to the COJ while predominantly inducing modeling-based bone formation in distant regions. PTH appeared to simultaneously facilitate osteoblastic bone mineralization and differentiation into osteocytes in both remodeling- and modeling-based bone formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the potential storage and safety of drinking leftover bottled tea beverages from various manufacturers after direct drinking from bottles, we conducted a screening experiment on the growth of salivary bacteria in plastic bottles of tea. The diluted saliva samples from 10 participants were inoculated into the test bottled beverages, which resulted in bacteria, particularly former members of the genus Lactobacillus , growing in some green tea beverages with a neutral pH. In contrast, tea beverages with less bacterial growth contained Streptococcus spp., and the leftovers may be safe to store and drink again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) in a mouse model. We investigated morphological and histological changes in the head of mandible cartilage and early immunohistochemical (IHC) changes in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, phosphorylated Smad-2/3 (p-Smad2/3), a TGF-β signaling molecule, and asporin. TMJ-OA was induced in a mouse model through unilateral partial discectomy. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and safranin-O staining were performed to morphologically and histologically evaluate the degeneration of the head of mandible caused by TMJ-OA. IHC staining for TGF-β, p-Smad2/3, and asporin was performed to evaluate the changes in protein expression. In the experimental group, three-dimensional (3D) morphometry revealed an enlarged head of mandible and safranin-O staining showed degeneration of cartilage tissue in the early stages of TMJ-OA compared to the control group. IHC staining revealed that TGF-β, p-Smad2/3, and asporin expression increased in the head of mandible cartilage before the degeneration of cartilage tissue, and subsequently decreased for a short period. The findings suggested a negative feedback relationship between the expression of asporin and the TGF-β/Smad transduction pathway, which may be involved in the degeneration of the head of mandible in the early stages of TMJ-OA. Asporin is a potential biomarker of the early stages of TMJ-OA, which ultimately leads to the irreversible degeneration of TMJ tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is characterized by resorption of the entire mandibular condyle, resulting in a reduced mandibular ramus and skeletal anterior open bite. We applied intermaxillary elastic traction to a patient with early ICR and obtained a stable long-term outcome. The patient was a 16-year-old girl who had noticed an anterior open bite after orthodontic treatment. The anterior open bite was observed with an overbite of − 2 mm and an overjet of + 4 mm. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral mandibular condylar resorption, and clinical diagnosis indicated ICR. An indirect bonded splint (IBS) was placed on the dental arches, and intermaxillary traction with elastic bands was applied continuously except during eating and oral cleaning. After 1 month of traction, complete contact of the upper and lower teeth was confirmed, indicating improvement of occlusion. CT images taken after 1 year of traction showed bone remodeling and cortical bone formation bilaterally in the part of condylar heads. This treatment was applied continuously for 1 more year and intermittently at night for another year to prevent relapse. After 3 years of traction, CT images taken showed a stable morphology of the mandibular condyle with stable occlusion, prompting the termination of the intermaxillary traction and removal of the IBS. Furthermore, 3 years after ending traction, CT and MRI showed no evidence of ICR recurrence, and occlusion was stable. This treatment method could be a useful first-line treatment for early ICR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer presents a considerable challenge in South Asia, notably in Nepal, where screening remains limited. Past research in Nepal lacked national representation and a thorough exploration of factors influencing cervical cancer screening, such as educational and socioeconomic disparities. This study aims to measure these gaps and identify associated factors in testing for early detection of cervical cancer among Nepalese women. Methods: Data from the 2019 Nepal Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors survey (World Health Organization STEPwise approach to noncommunicable risk factor surveillance), involving 2,332 women aged 30 to 69 years, were used. Respondents were asked if they had undergone cervical cancer testing through visual inspection with acetic acid, Pap smear, or human papillomavirus test ever or in the past 5 years. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative concentration index were used to measure socioeconomic and education-based disparities in cervical cancer test uptake. Results: Only 7.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.1-9.9] Nepalese women had ever undergone cervical cancer testing, whereas 5.1% (95% CI: 3.4-7.5) tested within the last 5 years. The ever uptake of cervical cancer testing was 5.1 percentage points higher (SII: 5.1, 95% CI: -0.1 to 10.2) among women from the richest compared with the poorest households. Education-based disparities were particularly pronounced, with a 13.9 percentage point difference between highly educated urban residents and their uneducated counterparts (SII: 13.9, 95% CI: 5.8-21.9). Conclusions: Less than one in ten women in Nepal had a cervical cancer testing, primarily favoring higher educated and wealthier individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct disposal concepts of mixed oxide spent fuel (MOXSF) consumed in light water reactors were investigated via heat transfer calculation. The temperature of the buffer material surrounding the waste is the most stringent limitation on the direct disposal of MOXSF. Therefore, the effects on the maximum temperature of the buffer material were examined by changing the occupied area, cooling term of MOXSF, disposal depth, and buffer material thickness referring to the direct disposal concepts of uranium spent fuel. Moreover, some possible disposal concepts for MOXSF were obtained based on the examination. The examination results showed that it is necessary to change the cooling term and disposal depth in addition to the change of the occupied area. The obtained disposal concepts with a combination of these changes needed the occupied area per unit waste of the MOXSF was three to five times that of uranium spent fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a major component of dental pulp tissue. We previously reported that inhibiting HS biosynthesis impedes endothelial differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, the underlying mechanisms by which exogenous HS induces DPSC differentiation and pulp tissue regeneration remain unknown. This study explores the impact of exogenous HS on vasculogenesis and dentinogenesis of DPSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Human-derived DPSCs were cultured in endothelial and odontogenic differentiation media and treated with HS. Endothelial differentiation of DPSCs was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and capillary sprouting assay. Odontogenic differentiation was assessed through real-time polymerase chain reaction and detection of mineralized dentin-like deposition. Additionally, the influence of HS on pulp tissue was assessed with a direct pulp capping model, in which HS was delivered to exposed pulp tissue in rats. Gelatin sponges were loaded with either phosphate-buffered saline or 101–102 μg/mL HS and placed onto the pulp tissue. Following a 28-day period, tissues were investigated by histological analysis and micro–computed tomography imaging. HS treatment markedly increased expression levels of key endothelial and odontogenic genes, enhanced the formation of capillary-like structures, and promoted the deposition of mineralized matrices. Treatment of exposed pulp tissue with HS in the in vivo pulp capping study induced formation of capillaries and reparative dentin. Exogenous HS effectively promoted vasculogenesis and dentinogenesis of DPSCs in vitro and induced reparative dentin formation in vivo , highlighting its therapeutic potential for pulp capping treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic liver injury leads to decreased liver function and increased fibrosis. Fibrosis is not only associated with the development of portal hypertension and carcinogenesis, but with the occurrence of events and a poor prognosis, highlighting the importance of non‐invasive fibrosis assessment in patients. In the present study, we searched for markers related to liver fibrosis via proteomic analysis of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). In the discovery cohort, proteomic analysis was carried out in the sEVs extracted from the sera of 5 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 5 patients with compensated cirrhosis, and 5 controls without liver disease. Interestingly, in this cohort, fibulin‐4 was significantly associated with cirrhosis while in the validation cohort [formed by 191 patients: 7 patients without disease, 16 patients without liver disease (other diseases), 38 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 75 patients with cirrhosis of Child–Pugh class A (36 without hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], 29 with HCC), and 65 patients with cirrhosis of Child–Pugh class B–C (39 without HCC, 26 with HCC)], fibulin‐4/CD9 levels increased with cirrhosis progression. Furthermore, the fibulin‐4/CD9 ratio was significantly higher in patients with varices. Immunostaining also revealed strong fibulin‐4 expression in cholangiocytes within the fibrous areas and mesothelial cells in liver tissue blood vessels. Taken together, our results suggest that fibulin‐4, essential for lysyl oxidase activation, might be a new liver fibrosis marker found in the sEVs of patients with cirrhosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]