Search

Copyright of Tekstilec is the property of University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences & Engineering, Department of Textiles and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The incidence of skin cancer, which often affects the facial skin, has risen worldwide. After resecting such facial lesions, plastic reconstruction is necessary in most cases. The paramedian forehead flap (PFF) and the bilobed flap (BF) are commonly used for nasal reconstruction, but whether patients and physicians are satisfied with the esthetics is undetermined? In this study, scar questionnaires (Manchester Scar Scale, Vancouver Scar Scale, and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale) and optical three-dimensional (3D) imaging were used for subjective and objective evaluation of esthetical outcomes after plastic reconstruction of the nose in 30 patients. The distances between landmarks and changes in volume between the treated and both the mirrored, healthy side of the face as well as an untreated, matched control group were measured using the optical (3D) scans. The questionnaires ascertained whether the patient was content with the esthetical outcome of both flaps. In the opinion of the observer, the esthetical outcome of both flaps was sufficient; only a few of the measured distances differed significantly between the patients and the control group. However, the measured volume differences of the donor site of the flap differed significantly between the PFF group and the control group (p = 0.0078). The BF was used for smaller defects, while the PFF was used for major defects. Besides a greater donor-side morbidity for the PFF, both flaps led to esthetically sufficient results and could be used for the reconstruction of the nose depending on the defect size and localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of individualizing personal protective equipment (PPE) is aimed at achievingoptimal fit to the user's body, thus maximizing comfort, especially when PPE is applied in critical conditions. The aim of the research was to confirm the possibility of implementing PPE in rea industrial conditions and to estimate the comfort of use in real conditions of use. In order to perform the last stage of the personalization procedure for firefighter suits, process qualification was carried out in an industrial environment, and the firefighter's PPE fabricated was validated under real conditions of firefighters' activities. The effect of implementation of the individualization procedure confirmed optimal fitting of the PPE to the individual user's body and allowed for improvement of the comfort of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directed Energy Deposition (DED) processes are known for producing parts close to their final shape where only a post-process finish machining is required. However, geometrical deviations due to thermal effects may occur during the process, which results in the final geometry not being achieved or in the necessity of oversizing the part in order to compensate the distortion in the subsequent machining. In this article, a 3D scanning methodology of the manufactured part will be used to measure the geometry at different stages of the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process. In this way it is possible to assist the manufacturing as well as to make a comparison with the theoretical geometry during the process. This results in a higher probability of manufacturing the part without process failures and obtaining a precise reproduction of the geometry to be manufactured, reducing the subsequent post-processing operations and saving manufacturing time and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes in the face of obese patients during massive weight loss using a more reliable method than two dimensional photographs or tape measures. The faces of 23 patients were recorded prior to and six months after bariatric surgery. Distances between important anatomical landmarks of the face were calculated and the volume of the neck was compared. The distance between the Tragion and Subnasale (132.7 ± 6.804 mm to 131.5 ± 6.866 mm; p = 0.0003), and the distance between Tragion and Stomion became significantly longer 136.0 ± 8.016 mm to 134.3 ± 7.698 mm; p = 0.0031), while distances between the Tragion and Pogonion (150.2 ± 8.216 mm to 148.3 ± 8.383 mm; p < 0.0001), Tragion and Menton (152.3 ± 9.037 mm to 148.9 ± 9.623 mm; p < 0.0001), and Tragion and tip of the nose (144.9 ± 7.273 mm to 144.0 ± 7.416 mm; p = 0.0023) were significantly reduced. The mean volume loss of the neck was 75.218 ± 40.197 ml. No significant correlation was found between total weight loss and cervical volume loss (r = 0.3447; p = 0.1072). The morphological changes of the face after massive weight loss vary in different areas of the face. Patients and their attending physicians must be aware of the face's morphology change after massive weight loss in an extent that does not correlate with the total weight loss of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the publication is to present the validation process stage (operational qualification) of developed assumptions for customised clothing manufactured in industrial conditions. 12 special clothes were made and adjusted to the individual dimensions of firefighters' silhouettes obtained in the 3D scanning process as well as 12 special clothes adjusted to selected size subgroups after the 3D scanning process from the same identified group of 12 firefighters. Two batches of clothes having undergone the installation qualification were submitted for testing in real conditions (operational qualification). Then, on the basis of data collected from the ongoing functional tests, a batch of six sets of individualised special clothing for the Fire Service was produced in industrial conditions (changing the manufacturer and model of the clothing). A positive result of validation (operational qualification) of this batch of clothing in functional tests conducted in real conditions will allow its introduction to industry through training in production plants and procedures of individualisation of advanced protective clothing design for people working in environments with a high degree of risk to health and life. The individualisation of protective clothing design, through a better fit of the size of the clothing to the body of the user, will significantly affect the comfort of use, ergonomics of the clothing, and the safety of the user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few decades it has been shown that nasoalveolar molding (NAM) has had an effect on the correction of nasal cartilage deformities and the alveolar process. This three-dimensional (3D) analysis evaluated the effects of NAM on the alveolar cleft region in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Alveolar gap volumes were measured in a retrospective review of 40 dental casts of 20 patients with unilateral clef lip and palate before and after treatment. Ten patients who began undergoing NAM immediately after birth were included in this study. An additional 10 patients with unilateral clefts but without NAM were included as a control group. All of the casts (pretreatment and post-treatment) were 3D scanned, and the cleft volumes and anterior gap widths underwent computer-aided evaluations. NAM resulted in a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in alveolar gap volume and anterior cleft width from birth until lip closure time, while half of the control group showed slight increases in cleft volume. Based on these results, NAM is an effective and helpful treatment that can be used to significantly reduce alveolar gap volume and anterior cleft width in patients with unilateral clefts. Harmonization of the dental arch and a reduction in the alveolar cleft region are desirable treatment goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary Background In search of new possibilities in 3D surface imaging, several nonmedical scanning systems have been assessed for their implementation in plastic surgery. The aim of this study was to compare a new affordable 3D imaging consumer product with an established medical 3D imaging system for objective 3D breast imaging. Method We compared a low-cost mobile, handheld scanner against an established medical 3D surface imaging system. Forty-two female patients who underwent different types of breast surgery were captured in a 3D view with both devices. Digital breast measurement, volume measurement, and breast surface-to-surface analysis were done using Mirror software. Repeatability was assessed by repeated 3D scans of the torso and surface-to-surface analysis. Results Digital breast measurement showed low differences with good-to-excellent correlation between both devices. Mean breast volume difference was small (−5.11 ± 32.10 mL) within the 95% limits of agreement. Surface-to-surface analysis yielded a higher surface deviation in the lower breast quadrants (1.62 ± 0.80 mm root mean square [RMS] error and 1.81 ± 0.88 mm RMS error) than in the upper breast quadrants. Repeatability was satisfactory with a mean of 0.636 ± 0.279 mm RMS error. Conclusion Affordable mobile surface scanners may offer new perspectives in the future for 3D breast imaging. Although surface acquisition was sufficient for breast measurements in comparison to an established system, the lack of appropriate medical software for patient consultation next to moderate texture quality needs to be improved for wider acceptance in plastic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Path planning is a main concern for multi-sensor automated inspection. In this paper, a 3D scanner that combines a laser-sensor and a touch probe is used and mounted on the motorized head of a CMM. Due to this particularity, the path planning is defined in terms of scanner configurations, in which inspection features that could be measured by either the laser-sensor or the touch probe are clustered. For each scanner configuration, the ability of laser-sensor in terms of quality and accessibility is assessed and then the probe ability is assessed before setting the next configuration. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested on a part defined by its CAD model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of models developed and experimental studies, the impact of a compression garment on average and local changes in unit pressure was analysed. The study was based on the analysis of the results of 3D scans of selected parts of female and male bodies. It was found out that surface pressure exerted by the compression garment leads to some changes in the geometry of body circumferences and in their lengths and, consequently, to a change in the average pressure value, as well as local changes along the circumference. The main purpose of this work was to estimate the size of these changes in the example of selected parts of female and male bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work comprises a statistical tolerance analysis of human body dimensions using a 3D body scanner and its impact on the value of unit pressure exerted by a compression product on the subject's body. Model calculations of changes in unit pressure due to the susceptibility of the human body were carried out on the basis of the Laplace law using experimentally determined values of circumferences of particular parts of a female subject, with and without a compression product. Experimentally documented changes in the body circumferences under the influence of a compression garment are one of the reasons for the differences between the intended and actual pressure value exerted by the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of the measuring capability of a measuring device is very important in the field of quality assurance. It is a part of a measurement system analysis. One of the measuring devices is the optical 3D scanner which is device for object digitization, in substance. This paper deals with the possibility of measuring a small objects, namely hard metal rod which is a semi product for cutting tool, e.g. end mill. The issue was the evaluation of the measuring capability of the GOM ATOS Triple Scan II optical 3D scanner when measuring the dimensions, i.e. tool diameter, with using of different measuring volumes. Measuring of a small objects is often difficult due to ensuring the measuring repeatability and low bias. Capability evaluation was performed using statistical methods, namely indices which define the measuring device capability. The work contributed to the practical knowledge about abilities of ATOS optical 3D scanner in reverse engineering and measuring processes, and to the determination of its measuring capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative characteristics of pavement in wide range reflects the pavement serviceability, which is a summary of the characteristics of the pavement, providing a fast, smooth, economical and especially safe driving of motor-vehicles. The target factor of pavement serviceability and safety of roads represents the quality of their surface properties. Within the Research Center of the University of Žilina are dealing among others with scanning the pavement surface in order to monitor the individual parameters of pavement serviceability. This paper deals with the creation, analysis and evaluation of 3D- road surface model in terms of two properties pavement serviceability – the rut depth and its texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate several different facial soft tissue measurement methods. Materials and methods: After marking 15 landmarks in the facial area of 12 mannequin heads of different sizes and shapes, facial soft tissue measurements were performed by the following 5 methods: Direct anthropometry, Digitizer, 3D CT, 3D scanner, and DI3D system. With these measurement methods, 10 measurement values representing the facial width, height, and depth were determined twice with a one week interval by one examiner. These data were analyzed with the SPSS program. Results: The position created based on multi-dimensional scaling showed that direct anthropometry, 3D CT, digitizer, 3D scanner demonstrated relatively similar values, while the DI3D system showed slightly different values. All 5 methods demonstrated good accuracy and had a high coefficient of reliability (>0.92) and a low technical error (<0.9 mm). The measured value of the distance between the right and left medial canthus obtained by using the DI3D system was statistically significantly different from that obtained by using the digital caliper, digitizer and laser scanner (p < 0.05), but the other measured values were not significantly different. On evaluating the reproducibility of measurement methods, two measurement values (Ls–Li, G–Pg) obtained by using direct anthropometry, one measurement value (N′–Prn) obtained by using the digitizer, and four measurement values (EnRt–EnLt, AlaRt–AlaLt, ChRt–ChLt, Sn–Pg) obtained by using the DI3D system, were statistically significantly different. However, the mean measurement error in every measurement method was low (<0.7 mm). All measurement values obtained by using the 3D CT and 3D scanner did not show any statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The results of this study show that all 3D facial soft tissue analysis methods demonstrate favorable accuracy and reproducibility, and hence they can be used in clinical practice and research studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Various types of 3D scanners are used for digitalization of objects (products, space). These are mostly different types of optic or laser 3D scanners. The presented article deals with the comparison of the Steinbichler Comet L3D optical scanner and the Creaform EXAscan laser scanner. Determination of parameters of both scanners is necessary if we need measure on obtained data and not only use the scanned shape. To make this comparison, a specimen was designed that satisfies scanning criteria using the two types of the 3D scanners; i.e. it does not contain complicated shapes or parts that are not possible to scan using the chosen technologies (deep apertures with a small diameter, corners, etc.). The designed specimen was scanned 3 times using both types of 3D scanners. The obtained images were then cleaned (elimination of unwanted artifacts) and STL files were generated. The obtained scanned data were evaluated using VolumeGraphics VGStudio MAX 2.2 software with the necessary modules. In the comparison selected dimensions, shape and orientational deviations were evaluated and the scanned image obtained was compared to the CAD model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Nowadays, 3D scanners have become widely used tools in different disciplines, such as robotics, medicine and manufacturing. These devices are capable of representing virtual 3D objects with extremely good accuracy, but they are very expensive, making them not affordable for research institutions with low economical resources. Because of that, many authors have been worked on projects to develop low cost 3D scanners implementing different methodologies and technologies. This article shows a methodology to develop a prototype of a 3D scanner device that can represent virtual 3D objects from distance measurements obtained by a 1D optical distance sensor. Essentially, the device consists of three elements, an electromechanical platform, a data acquisition hardware (controlled by the PIC18F4550 microcontroller) and a graphical user interface, programmed in Matlab language. The results obtained by scanning different solid objects are very promising and show the effectiveness of the presented approach and good functionality of the device. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Gaea: Journal of Geoscience is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: This article compares most of the three-dimensional (3D) morphometric methods currently proposed by the technical literature to evaluate their morphological informative value, while applying them to a case study of five patients affected by the malocclusion pathology. The compared methods are: conventional cephalometric analysis (CCA), generalised Procrustes superimposition (GPS) with principal-components analysis (PCA), thin-plate spline analysis (TPS), multisectional spline (MS) and clearance vector mapping (CVM). The results show that MS provides more reliable and useful diagnostic information. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]