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γ-Ray irradiation is used for the synthesis of silver–Polystyrene polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite microspheres with a controlled shape, size, and functional properties. A monodispersed polystyrene microsphere was synthesized using dispersion polymerization induced by γ-ray irradiation. A polystyrene microsphere surface was used to attract Silver (Ag) nanoparticles in which it is created on it via the continuous reduction of Ag + by γ-ray irradiation. Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction Analysis, Ultraviolet–Visible Absorption, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy are used for characterization of the final product. The discussion focuses on the physical–chemical aspects of the method. Special attention is paid to the preparation of nanocomposites with individual (non-aggregated) nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution and versatile morphologies, including the design of nanoparticles and nanocomposites that can perform multifunctional purposes. The focus was also on the problem of the spatial arrangement of nanoparticles and the elucidation of the role of polymers using this method. The synergistic role of the ingredients on the performance of nanocomposites was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study the bulk etch rate, the bulk activation energy, the track density and the degree of crystallinity percentage have been examined for gamma irradiated samples with 60Co source at doses ranging from 0 to 200 kGy. After gamma irradiation the samples were exposed to zirconium sand to collect α-particle tracks. Samples were etched at 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80°C in 6.25 N NaOH solution for 4 h. Results indicated that, the bulk etch rate increases with the increase of gamma absorbed dose at different etching temperatures. The bulk activation energy and the track density decreased with the increase of the gamma absorbed dose. The degree of crystallinity percentage for un-etched and etched samples also has been studied for different gamma doses. The increase in bulk etch rate and the decrease in both of bulk activation energy and track density with increase in the gamma dose may be due to the degradation in CR-39 polymeric material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), which is an elementary unit of microelectronics, was repaired by self-powered electro-thermal annealing with the aid of a wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). It was thermally cured by Joule heat that originated electrically from the MOSFET itself. The configuration of the self-curable system is composed of a MOSFET with an embedded built-in Joule heater and a wind-driven TENG. This self-curable feature is attractive for the construction of remote wireless sensor networks, is capable of sustainable operation for long-term use, has high immunity against external environmental stress as well as internal operation stress, and can reduce labor during the periodic replacement of power sources. • Self-powered electro-thermal annealing was performed to cure the damaged electronic devices. • Electrical output of triboelectric nanogenerator was firstly used as Joule heat generation. • The electronic device was successfully cured by the SP-ETA from plural damage factors: γ-ray and hot carrier injection. • The Self-powered electro-thermal annealing was also verified at charge-trap based flash memory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Intense investigations are in progress globally towards the immobilization of radioactive and non-radioactive nuclear waste by their direct vitrification or by using novel glassy materials as an alternate shield. In fact, the entire technologies and economies of nuclear waste immobilization have been envisaged in the future on the basis of these approaches. Use of the glassy materials for shielding purpose is an important step towards realizing this vision. The radiation-induced effects of γ-ray irradiation (60Co source, 4 kGy, 8kGy and 12 kGy doses) have been examined in a novel STS ChGA. The physicochemical properties of present STS ChGA have been compared before and after γ-ray irradiation. Analysis of the different properties reveals the non-linear and non-monotonic behavior with increase in the dose of γ-ray irradiation but it suggests the possibilities of the application of this novel material for radiation shielding. In view of practical application in nuclear waste immobilization, the present finding reveals the possibilities for development of innovative ChGA based shielding system with stable and controlled parameters (like thermal stability, glass forming ability, crystallization rate, hardness etc). An attempt has been also made for understanding the mechanisms of radiation-induced effects in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]