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The paper reports some methods to select the optimal number of neighbors and to use eigenfeatures for aerial point cloud classification. In the literature, the neighborhood selection is performed using different methods. In this paper, we propose an approach that uses the region growing algorithm. The input data is an aerial point cloud, part of the Romanian Dataset from LAKI II Project. To test our approach, we used a small dataset from the city of Marghita, Bihor County. We report the technical background for classification process and all technical details of the workflow used with insight analyses and comparisons. The work was realized within the VOLTA project (VOLTA, 2017), a RISE Marie-Curie action designed to do research and innovation activities among partners and to exchange knowledge, methods and workflows in the geospatial field.

PurposeTo compare the clinical outcome with different treatment regimens in Acute Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis (AAK).MethodsThe records of 110 patients diagnosed as AAK in two tertiary eye care centers were evaluated retrospectively. The treatment regimen, follow-up duration, time until improvement of the symptoms, visual acuity, clinical findings, Schirmer’s test and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score at the first day, first week and third week were recorded. The Kruskal–Wallis Test and Chi-square test were used for comparison of quantitative and categorical variables, respectively.ResultsForty six patients were receiving topical corticosteroids (Group 1), 32 topical 2% Cyclosporin A (CsA) (Group 2) and 32 only artificial tears (Group 3). Mean time until resolution of the symptoms was lowest in Group 1 (9.5±4.9 days) and highest in Group 3 (13.3±4.2 days)(p: 0.001). OSDI scores at the first and third weeks were highest in Group 3 (52.4±16.4 and 32.3±13.0) and lowest in Group 1 (41.0±21.3 and 23.9±13.2)(p: 0.01 and p: 0.009). At day 21, percentage of the patients with subepthelial infiltrates was the highest in Group 3 (63.4%) and lowest in Group 1 (42.5%).ConclusionsThe symptoms were less severe and had a shorter duration with topical corticosteroids and CsA when compared with palliative therapy. Topical 2% CsA may inhibit development of corneal subepithelial infiltrates when used in the acute phase of infection, similar to corticosteroids.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries of the primary incisors in preschool children from 2 to 5 years old in South-Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Additionally, the relationship between traumatic dental injuries, parents' education level, family income, size of incisai overjet and the presence of anterior open bite were examined. Basic research design: A cross-sectional survey Clinical settings: Data were collected through oral examinations and structured interviews, and included socio-economic indicators. Participants: A total of 727 children of both genders were included in the study. 122 of these children were aged 2; 183 aged 3; 178 aged 4 and 186 aged 5. Results: The prevalence of dental injuries was 8.0% (n=58). The highest frequency of trauma in the primary teeth was observed at the age of 4. Boys experienced more dental injuries than girls, 12.2% and 4.0%, respectively. The most common crown fracture was in enamel only (57%) followed by crown fracture of enamel and dentin (19%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental injuries in Turkish preschool children was very low. The children with incisai overjet greater than 5mm and anterior open bite experienced more dental injuries in primary teeth than their counterparts with normal occlusion. Socio-economic indicators were not statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the accuracy and efficacy of power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) as a screening test in asymptomatic 60–99 % internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. 95 patients with internal carotid artery stenosis were examined with PDU prior to digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The results of PDU were compared with those of DSA as a reference standard. The average examination time of both carotid arteries using PDU was 3.25±1.25 minutes. The results of PDU and DSA showed a good correlation (r=0.79, p<0.001). PDU significantly underestimated ICA stenosis. The average difference between the results of PDU and DSA was -5 (95% CI: -8, -3). This underestimation was more marked at the level of 50–99 % angiographic stenosis. In determining 60–99% ICA stenosis, the sensitivity of PDU was 59% and its specificity was 97%. By taking into consideration PDU's underestimation, a PDU measurement of 45% was determined as the new threshold with high sensitivity which is suitable for purposes of screening. For this threshold, the sensitivity was found to be 95% and specificity 82%. The agreement between the observers in determining ICA stenosis by PDU was found to be fair to good (?=0.48). PDU underestimates ICA stenosis, but this underestimation can be counterbalanced by taking a lower threshold. PDU is a rapid and easily performed method which has sufficient accuracy as a screening test in determining ICA stenosis.

Objectives:The expression of p21WAF–1/CIP–1, a downstream regulator of p53, is a universal cycline–dependent kinase inhibitor. The aim of this study is to determine whether p21 expression could be used as a prognostic marker in urothelial carcinomas.Methods:By use of immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of p21WAF–1/CIP–1 in 60 patients with urothelial carcinomas and compared the results with the status of nuclear p53 and mdm2 accumulation, expression of type IV collagen in the basement membranes and upregulation of metalloproteinases (MMP–1, MMP–2, MMP–9).Results:p21WAF–1/CIP–1 immunoreactivity was observed in 51.7% of the tumors, and in only 39% of the tumors with functional p53 loss (nuclear accumulation of p53 and/or mdm2). p21WAF–1/CIP–1 overexpression was not associated with grade and stage of the tumors and presence or absence of concomitant CIS. Moreover, p21WAF–1/CIP–1 overexpression was not associated with upregulation of metalloproteinases or destruction of type IV collagen of basement membranes.Conclusions:Our results suggest that p21WAF–1/CIP–1 expression is regulated by both p53–dependent and independent pathways and is not related to grade, stage or potential markers of invasion in urothelial carcinomas.

To present the most serious complications from circumcision and to compare the complications caused during mass and single circumcisions performed by medically trained or untrained operators.

In a 3-year period, 57 self-expandable metallic biliary stents (Wallstent) were successfully placed in 49 patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Thirty-three of our patients have died. In this group follow-up was 1–12 months with a mean of 4.5 months and stent patency was 1–12 months with a mean of 4.3 months. Sixteen patients are still alive. In this group, follow-up was 2–26 months with a mean of 8.4 months and stent patency was 1–18 months with a mean of 6.8 months. In 4 patients a secondary stent was used due to malpositioning during deployment. In 1 patient bilateral drainage was achieved with two stents. Four patients required 5 reinterventions due to reocclusion, with a reocclusion rate of 9.4 %; 3 of them were treated with secondary metallic stents, 1 with a conventional stent and the remaining 1 with balloon dilatation. Thirty-day mortality rate was 8.1 % and procedure-related mortality was 2 %. Major and minor complication rates were 10 % and 22 %, respectively. Self-expandable metallic stents provide good palliation in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.

The arylsulfone derivative of polystyrene was prepared by p-toluene sulfonyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride in methylene chloride at three different temperatures. The sulfonated polystyrenes were characterized by IR spectrophotometer, 1H-NMR spectrometer and sulfur analyzer. Activation energy of the sulfonation reaction was found to be 38,0 kj mol-1 and 36,5 kj mol-1 from the results of HCl and sulfur determinations, respectively. Solubility parameters and densities of some sulfonated polystyrenes were also determinated.

3-Cyclohexyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate was prepared from acrylic acid, cyclohexanol and epichlorhydrin. Polymerization of the monomer was carried out in 1,4-dioxane solution in presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The monomer and the polymer microstructure were investigated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared techniques. Some properties of the homopolymer were also determined.

Summary Considerable drops in liver glycogen contents of guinea pigs suffering from gangrenous intestinal obstruction were recorded in regard to control values (P < 0.001). An additional experiment was conducted by using carbontetrachloride (CT) to determine whether or not the shortening of survival related to liver glycogen content in animals with strangulation obstruction. The mean tissue glycogen content in the sham-operated group was 816.2 ± 13.3 µg/g, w. wt., whereas in the CT-treated group it was 73.5 ± 11.0 µg/g w. wt. This difference is highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean survival was 54.4 ± 5.8 h and 21.9 ± 5.5 h in animals with gangrenous intestinal obstruction before and after CT treatment, respectively. These results suggested that the liver glycogen depletion was a significant factor in decreasing the survival time of guinea pigs with strangulation obstruction.