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The Volta-Comoe languages¹ belonging to Greenberg's (1963) Niger-Congo undergo a historical change in which underlying labial /b/ is reflexed as velar [g] and labio-palatal [...] in their Central members and as [b] in their Eastern and Western subgroups. We maintain that this process can be accounted for naturally by positing the feature Grave proposed by Jakobson, Fant and Halle (1956) in their early work on distinctive-feature phonology. This permits one to say that a non-back grave segment changed to a back one in specified linguistic contexts. Other processes which help explain the change are palatalisation, vowel-labialisation, consonant-labialisation and velar fronting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper identifies the different types of qualifiers in ÒRo?-Ó?sànyén, one of the endangered African languages spoken in Ògòrì-Màgóngò Local Government in Nigeria. It also examines and explains in detail the sequential co-occurrence of the qualifiers within the noun phrases. The paper believes that the language still retains the relics of the old patterning of the Qualifier-Qualified sequence of the Proto-language to the African languages under the sub-phylum of West-Benue-Congo which it belongs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]