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In order to produce a better adsorption bed with ideal SCP (specific cooling power) and COP (coefficient of performance), in this paper, ammonia-Cacl2 which can be combined with expanded graphite to overcome many disadvantages is studied. Genetic algorithm can be used to realize the multi-objective optimization which may balance the SCP and COP to satisfy our different needs-a better COP or a better SCP in different systems. The beds with Cacl2/expanded graphite composite adsorbent made under different pressures have different porosities which may lead to different SCPs and COPs. In detail, using genetic algorithm to choose different coefficients, the final solutions can be obtained to meet the needs. By introducing the genetic algorithm to find out the appropriate porosity, making more efficient adsorption beds with Cacl2/expanded graphite composite adsorbents seems to be possible in the simulation. And the proportion of materials can be easily changed to obtain different porosities of the adsorption beds with better COP and SCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four advanced types of adsorbent beds were designed, investigated and compared to each other in a double-adsorber adsorption refrigerator. The four types of adsorbent beds were assembled by several vehicle radiators with two different sizes. A prototype of the adsorption refrigerator built up in our laboratory was used to test the performances of the adsorbent beds. Silica gel-water was used as the working pair. The length, width and thickness of the radiators were measured. The amount of adsorbent filled into these four types of adsorbent beds was recorded. The dead area volume was estimated. The coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power (SCP) of the system were tested after utilizing the four types of adsorbent beds. The COP and SCP of the four types of adsorbent beds were estimated under the standard operating condition and optimized operating condition. A SCP and a COP of the small-radiator adsorbent beds with 198.4 W/kg and 0.30 were achieved under the optimized operating condition with 480 s adsorption/desorption time, 90 s heat and mass recovery time, 9 L/min hot water and cooling water flow rate, 2 L/min chilled water flow rate, 16 °C chilled water inlet temperature, 90 °C hot water and 25 °C cooling water. Under the standard operating condition, the result showed that smaller dead volume leads to a slightly higher SCP. The adsorbent bed with smaller size radiator had a better heat and mass transfer ability and a higher SCP and COP could be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examined energy balances on transient processes. The study proposed a set of experiments that students can perform to understand the fundamental concepts involved in energy balances. The experiments are consisted of cooling and heating of a mass of water contained in a vessel using an electrical resistor of known power.

Abstract: Biofouling is one of major pollutants in circulating cooling water system, one important reason for formation of biofouling is the accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances, they are high polymers that are secreted to vitro by microorganisms, mainly bacteria. Bacteria formed deposits that can secrete mucus are the mainly bacteria causing dirt. This essay is to illustrate causes of biofouling formation, component of extracellular polymeric substances of which extracellular polysaccharide, extracellular protein extraction and identification methods and provide a theoretical basis for researching the control of extracellular polymers and developing green efficient detergent methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of the intermediate cooling process on the thermal shock behavior of Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding under a simulated loss-of-coolant accident condition and to analyze the related mechanical and microstructural properties. The Zircaloy-4 specimen was oxidized at the desired temperature and time, then various cooling processes were applied such as the direct water quench, the intermediate cooling at 700°C for 200 and 2000 s, and the successive cooling from 950 to 700°C. The results showed that the direct water quenching without any intermediate cooling process reduced the cladding ductility in that it reduced the minimum equivalent cladding reacted from 20 to near 17%. Ring compression ductility decreased, and the minimum thickness of the prior-beta layer thickness that causes brittle failure increased from 0.3 to 0.4 mm in the case of the direct water quench condition. As the cooling rate increased, the size of the plate inside the prior-beta phase decreased so that it induced an increase in the residual dislocation density to result in a decrease of the cladding ductility. Additional oxidation effect during a slow cooling below 950°C had little influence on the cladding behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atmosphere - Ocean (Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society) is the property of Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atmosphere - Ocean (Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society) is the property of Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)