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The article discusses the papers by Professors Kosoto and End&#x014D on the development of a number of important schools in Japanese "Kanp&#x014D" which is traditional Japanese medicine from ancient China. It describes relationship between different schools of medicine in Japan and between eastern and western medical arts on their development point to a common Japanese thinking. The importance of obtaining necessary foundation for understanding the papers is also included.

This article provides the first comparative overview in English of Japanese colonial banks before World War II with an emphasis on their roles as banks of issue in Taiwan, Korea and Northeast China. It discusses at length similarities and differences in these banks’ note circulation patterns, in their note-reserve requirements and their actual application, and in their geographical spread and respective colonial mandates. There was some variation in Japanese bank note issuance in the colonial setting of Korea and Taiwan, in ‘Manchukuo’ and in those parts of China that remained nominally sovereign. But all Japanese colonial banks seem, in one way or another, to have astutely adjusted the spread of their note issue in order to control for flagging demand due to nationalist boycotts, or to conversely cash in on demand spurts for notes resulting from crises in the indigenous financial sector. The banks of issue under review here were theoretically subject to a 100 per cent reserve requirement, but the make-up of their metallic bullion reserve and the degree of their notes’ convertibility were very dissimilar, reflecting varying local conditions. Both in terms of reserve ratios, and note denominations—the banks prudently followed charter obligations that were devised by the Japanese Treasury but, at the same time, were reminiscent of the obligations that British overseas banks also had to abide by. Thus, the findings discussed here shed light on the inception and adaptability of Japanese colonial policy in the lead-up to the Pacific War. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper describes an asynchronous, transnational virtual exchange between university students from Japan and China. Students from two different cultural and linguistic backgrounds, in two different physical locations, collaborated to produce a video on the broad theme of sustainability in a mutual second language, English. Through pre- and post-project surveys and the written reflections of students, it was found that students were able to develop greater intercultural awareness and improve their English language communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The five functions of government-market dynamics are critical to SG deployment. • China and Japan differ in the ways that government actors engage market actors. • China's approach is hierarchical; Japan's approach is more systemic. • National contextual differences can explain the variety of dynamics and outcomes. • Optimising government-making dynamics is vital to realising SG potentials. Smart grids (SGs) have been increasingly regarded as an enabling technology for post-Fukushima energy transitions. SGs require new policies and market infrastructures to deliver their potential, but the roles of governments in increasingly market based energy systems have not been well conceptualised. Advancing the socio-technical energy transitions literature, this paper proposes five functions of government-market dynamics in an integrated framework, and applies the framework in the field of smart grid developments in two Asian countries, China and Japan. Based on interviews with 38 key stakeholders, this study has three main findings. First, both countries have in common that the five functions of government-market dynamics are critical in developing, diffusing and utilising SG technologies. Second, China and Japan exhibit distinctive characteristics in the ways that government actors engage market actors. While the Chinese approach is more hierarchical, fragmented and homogenous led by two monopolised grid companies, the Japanese approach is a relatively systemic, bottom-up, and heterogeneous system mainly operated through four large-scale SG demonstration projects. Third, national contextual differences, most notably the advancement of electricity market reforms, explain the variety of the dynamics and outcomes. This paper concludes that consideration of optimising government-market dynamics is vital to create conductive conditions for realising the potential that SGs can offer in energy transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that the Japan Paper Association has sent its first mission to China in October 2003. Meeting with delagates from the Chinese Paper Association; Visit to several paper mills.

The article reports that the Chinese government has approved Tokyo, Japan-based Oji Paper Co. Ltd.'s second- and third-stage construction plans on a Chinese project. The construction of the paper mill will start in 2006. Oji's Chinese project has been delayed about a year due to China's administrative policies.

Microplastics (MPs) are non-biodegradable substances that can sustain our environment for up to a century. What is more worrying is the incapability of modern technologies to annihilate MPs from om environment. One ramification of MPs is their impact on every kind of life form on this planet, which has been discussed ahead; that is why these substances are surfacing in everyday discussions of scholars and researchers. This paper discusses the overview of the global occurrence, abundance, analysis, and remediation techniques of MPs in the environment. This paper primarily reviews the event and abundance of MPs in coastal sediments and agricultural soil of three major Asian countries, India, China, and Japan. A significant concentration of MPs has been recorded from these countries, which affirms its strong presence and subsequent environmental impacts. Concentrations such as 73,100 MPs/kg in Indian coastal sediments and 42,960 particles/kg in the agricultural soil of China is a solid testimony to prove their massive outbreak in our environment and require urgent attention towards this issue. Conclusions show that human activities, rivers, and plastic mulching on agricultural fields have majorly acted as carriers of MPs towards coastal and terrestrial soil and sediments. Later, based on recorded concentrations and gaps, future research studies are recommended in the concerned domain; a dearth of studies on MPs influencing Indian agricultural soil make a whole sector and its consumer vulnerable to the adverse effects of this emerging contaminant. [Display omitted] • Film & fibre shaped microplastics (MPs) are more abundant in India, China and Japan. • Plastic mulching is the root cause of major MPs pollution in soil and sediment. • Estuarian soil/sediment are more prone to MPs pollution than terrestrial and coastal. • FT-IR is highly used for MPs identification; mass spectrometry & microscopy are least. • MPs work as a vector for metals, PPCPs, surfactants and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a vortex-induced vibration (VIV) reliability analysis method based on the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle in which constraints are specified in terms of fractional moments involving uncertain wind characteristics, structural properties, and bluff-body aerodynamics. The multiplicative dimensional reduction method (M-DRM) is used to calculate the fractional moments. A new threshold is obtained based on the stopping sight distance in the highway engineering technique standard, which is less strict than the China–Japan standard and the British code and thus better-suited to VIV reliability evaluation. A long-span cable-stayed bridge model is used to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in comparison to Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) on three performance functions of VIV reliability. The results indicate that VIV maximum amplitude and wind speed failure probability are not sensitive to the selected performance function, but the effect of the wind attack angle on probability is significant. The M-DRM provides a workable alternative approach to analyzing the highly complex VIV reliability of long-span bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric discharge bases of the technological advantages of diamond spark grinding make it possible to consider this processing method among the environmentally promising in nature. A decrease in the thermo-mechanical tension of mass micro-cutting in the zone of diamond spark grinding, which is ensured by the development of its working relief, supported by the action of electric discharges on the bond of the wheel, also makes it possible to consider approaches to organizing this process using the minimum lubrication methodology. The paper presents and summarizes the experimental results of using a number of solid lubricants, gives practical recommendations and defines the tasks of further research. Work in this direction is focused on reducing the use of water in servicing industrial needs, which is an urgent global environmental challenge to the development of civilization and meets the modern technocratic strategies of the European Union (Industry 4.0), Japan (Society 5.0), China (Made in China 2025) and other leading world economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to offshore fishing, high sea fishing has become another important supply channel for seafood. The pelagic catches of China, Japan, and Korea (CJK) account for 60% of the global total, and an analysis of their activities adds essential clarity regarding global fishery resources. This paper develops a framework for analyzing the activities of HSF vessels based on satellite AIS data from 2019, which is used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of the lengths, speeds, trajectories, and trajectory densities of HSF vessels, the numbers of active vessels, and their average fishing times. The analysis results show that: 1) Chinese HSF vessels are mostly small, relative to Japanese and Korean ships; 2) The speed of Japanese HSF vessels is consistently the highest; 3) All HSF vessels mainly fish in the Northwest Pacific, Western Central Pacific, Eastern Central Pacific, Southeast Pacific, Eastern Central Atlantic, Southeast Atlantic, and Western Indian Oceans; 4) The trajectory distribution of Chinese and Japanese vessels are similar, and both are more widely distributed than Korean vessels; 5) Chinese and Korean HSF vessels mostly enter the Atlantic through the Drake Passage, while Japanese ships mostly enter through the Panama Canal; 6) Chinese HSF vessels fish in Antarctic fisheries all year, while Korean ships aim to fish in Antarctic fisheries in the Spring, Summer, and Winter; 7) China has the largest number of HSF vessels in all fisheries, but their average fishing time is the shortest; 8) The average fishing time of all HSF vessels in Spring and Summer is short, increases during the Autumn, and continues to rise in some fisheries during Winter. This study is not only of great significance for the management and conservation of marine resources, but is also a valuable reference for the promotion of international cooperation in safeguarding marine fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open access mega journals represent an increasingly important part of the scholarly communications. The current research aims to introduce eight international mega journals and to investigate their performance in a five-year time span (2012-2016). The current study is an applied research in terms of objectives while it is a descriptive study in terms of data analysis and conducted using scientometric indicators. Research population comprised of 195011 articles published in eight mega journals during 2012-2016 and indexed by the Web of Science. Data was collected using three products of the Clarivate Analytics, namely Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports as well as InCites. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel. Results of the study showed 101% growth in 2016 compared to 2012 with regard to publications in eight studied mega journals. A total of 195011 articles have been published in eight mega journals during 2012-2016. Considering article processing fees of each journal, we can assume that roughly 300 million USD has been charged by eight mega journals. Papers published in mega journals were found to have higher citation impact compared with the average of the Web of Science database. Results revealed that two mega journals, namely PLoS One and Scientific Reports, were accountable for 91.6% of total publications and 96.1% of total citations. The highest share of publications in eight mega journals was found to be in the following research categories: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Neurosciences, Oncology and Immunology. Moreover, the US, China, the UK, Germany and Japan had the highest number of publications in eight studied mega journals. Reputable publishers have identified a market demand for publication of scholarly output and are offering their services using open access mega journals. The mega journal market seems likely to keep increasing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Japanese Sociological Review / Shakaigaku Hyoron is the property of Japan Sociological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This paper draws upon the findings and key lessons from the ten papers that are featured in this Special Issue in utilizing science to advance ecosystem-based management (EBM) in the context of the East Asian region. The paper highlights the East Asian region's long experience in integrated coastal management (ICM) implementation, which has provided the foundation for advancing geographic and functional scaling up to cover wider geographic and administrative boundaries and ecosystems, respectively. The experiences in China and Japan, although vary in terms of mode of implementation, demonstrated common elements that characterize EBM practice – that is, recognizing the interconnectedness of marine, coastal and terrestrial systems, including human communities; protecting ecosystem structure, function and processes from the perspective of ecosystem services; addressing cumulative impacts and managing for multiple objectives; addressing multiple spatial and temporal scales in the design and implementation; promoting integrated and multi-sectoral planning; advocating for policy and functional integration and coordination and transforming policy into on-the-ground actions. The paper also highlights the application of innovative approaches and science-based tools to understand and monitor ecosystem functioning and changes; the use of scientific information to identify appropriate management policy and interventions at varying scales and offers some key actions for consideration to support a more comprehensive EBM implementation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Publication pattern, Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Doubling time (Dt), Country-wise distribution and Subject-wise papers of Cryptography published during 2000-2011 were analyzed. This bibliometric study was made using the data retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) through the filter of the category in Cryptography as a subject search. A total number of 6610 records which were retrieved from the Web of Science was used to assess the academic productivity and distribution of research diversity of cryptography field from four major countries -China, USA, Taiwan and Japan which contributed more papers in cryptography and allied field of researches. The highest RGR is 0.44 in 2002 and Dt is 21. 656 in 2008 measured during the period. China was the country with the highest productivity rare and the most-frequent partners among the collaborative papers at global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper analyzes the evolution of environmental policies and the related indicator systems that have been introduced in both Japan and China. The findings reveal that the lack of both natural resources and space for the final disposal of wastes, resulted in Japanese policy placing special emphasis on, initially, waste treatment technologies with high capacities such as incineration, and more recently, on integrated resource management. This trend is also reflected in the recycling targets for specific waste policies proposed in the 1990s and the introduction of comprehensive resource management indicators in the early 2000s. In China, the impressive economic growth of the last decades has relied both on coal as the primary energy source and mostly small scale industries for production. However, the environmental impacts and low energy efficiency associated with both coal-power plants and small-scale industry forced the government to introduce emission reduction targets followed by energy efficiency and macro energy intensity indicators. While the importance of indicator systems and policies has been demonstrated for specific cases, such policies are not yet comprehensive. This is reflected by the finding that while Japan has improved both its resource productivity and reduced total direct material inputs into the economy, overall CO2 emissions and waste generation have increased. China also suffered a setback when its overall energy intensity started to increase in 2000 after 20 years of improvement. This study argues that a comprehensive sustainability policy is necessary in order to overcome the problems associated with production and consumption patterns and their impact on the environment. In this sense it is important to consider the different comprehensive assessment methods proposed by the scientific community in the policy making process. Finally the paper proposes that the experience of Japan and China in dealing with environmental issues could be an important reference for policy development in Asia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Life & School: a Magazine for the Theory and Practice of Education / Život i škola : časopis za teoriju i praksu odgoja i obrazovanja is the property of Zivot i Skola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: How to cope with the problem of scrap automobiles and the environmental pollution caused by them is an issue that every automotive industrial country has to face in varying degrees; China is no exception. With the rapid economic growth, Chinese car production reached 13.79 million, in 2009, which made China rank first in the world for the first time for car production. But the scrap vehicle recycling industry is at its infancy. There are many serious problems in the scrap vehicle recycling industry, not least of which is the fact that improper disposal of hazardous substances and a lack of environmental protection measures are common in vehicle dismantling operations. This paper gives a brief introduction of Japanese and Chinese laws about End-of-Life Vehicles, the process of handling with them. This paper also makes a comparison of the present situation of scrap automobiles between Japan and China, trying to find an appropriate way for China to deal with the problem of scrap automobiles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper aims to investigate the dynamic changes in comparative advantage of the ASEAN, China, Republic of Korea and Japan (commonly abbreviated as the ASEAN+3). By applying statistical and econometric methods on Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index, this paper concludes that there have been changes in the patterns of comparative advantage in the ASEAN+3. The increases in overall comparative advantage are encouraged by the higher increases in comparative advantage of groups of products that had no or lower comparative advantage in the past. The comparative advantage pattern of the ASEAN is becoming similar with that of Japan. However, there is no stationary level of similarity in the patterns of comparative advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the common and different views concerning role models respected by university students in Japan, Korea and China, based on the survey of questionnaires. This paper reports the analysis of one question regarding the respected role models, "Write the names of three people you respect in the order that you respect." The results were compared among the countries and derived some interesting tendencies. Japanese students respected "present Japanese (e.g., Ichiro)," while Korean and Chinese students respected "historical people (e.g., Lee, Sun-Shin)." From the viewpoint of Confucianism, many different factors were found and some suggestions were described based on the detailed analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various organizations and societies around the globe have issued guidelines in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and virus (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning-related guidelines or documents in several major countries and regions have been reviewed and compared, including those issued by the American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, the Federation of European Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Associations, the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan, Architectural Society of China, and the Chinese Institute of Refrigeration. Most terms and suggestions in these guidelines are consistent with each other, although there are some conflicting details, reflecting the underlying uncertainty surrounding the transmission mechanism and characteristics of COVID-19 in buildings. All guidelines emphasize the importance of ventilation, but the specific ventilation rate that can eliminate the risk of transmission of airborne particulate matter has not been established. The most important countermeasure, commonly agreed countermeasures, the conflicting content from different guidelines, and further work have been summarized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a research paper related to the description of techniques for improving intonation pattern of English in Japanese students as of August 1976. Step for motivation to improve the intonation pattern among these students in the paper; Explanation of methods for changing the voice from one pitch level to another in the paper; Description of exercises to acquire the ability to use 2-3-1 intonation pattern habitually in conversation.

This paper investigates the development of heavy duty electric battery vehicles through analysing research papers and patents and identifies emerging technology areas by using a generative probabilistic model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The focus of the analysis is on literature and patents published since 2010 up to date, summing up altogether more than 25 000 references. We divide the references into eight topics: operating an electric vehicle, its control, motor operations, thermal management, battery module, battery technologies, electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure and charging EV. Because battery technologies are of strategic importance in technological competition for companies and relate to the areal raw material base, we take a more detailed look at this field. The results from publication analysis are presented for China, Europe, Japan and USA. The distribution of raw materials required for heavy duty vehicles shows interesting correlations with the national development strategies. China holds reserves and/or mine production for all key raw materials categories (battery, magnet and electric cabling) needed in heavy duty electric vehicles. In addition to having an extensive raw materials base, China has protected intellectual property rights in many areas thus defending the raw materials also by controlling the access to the technologies. USA has some raw material reserves and/or production among all three raw material categories also, but their global contribution is significantly lower. Japan, with very narrow natural resource base, has very limited patenting or scientific publishing in any of the studied sub-areas of heavy duty electric vehicle development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues that a China-Korea-Japan Free Trade Agreement (CJK FTA) will have large benefits to the three Northeast Asian countries and significant implications for global multilateral trade. However, several hurdles seem to make an expeditious completion of a CJK FTA, or even bilateral FTAs between Japan and China or between Japan and Korea extremely difficult. Thus, a pragmatic approach would be to follow a dual-track approach in which China and Korea fast-track the completion of a bilateral FTA between them and the three countries continue their negotiations for a trilateral FTA on a steady track. Neither of these attempts should, however, deter these countries from joining the larger multilateral deals they are pursuing such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) or the Transpacific Partnership (TPP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of UNISCI Discussion Papers is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the features of gender differences in intergenerational support in later life in contemporary urban China and Japan. Based on a qualitative study of the middle-aged and the elderly generations in Shenyang and Tokyo/Yokohama, I illustrate how gender effects in adult children's support to their parents, the elderly parents' support to their children, and inheritance. From the narratives of the interviewees in Shenyang, it is observed that there is no specific role allocation based on gender among adult children in supporting their elderly parents, because all children are considered to have obligations to do so. However, some elderly interviewees consciously favor their sons in support to adult children, especially in the cases of inheritance. On the other hand in Tokyo/Yokohama, difficult to obtain support from their male siblings or spouses, female family members are still the main providers of the elderly care. And there is no obvious evidence that parents give priority to their sons or daughters in support to children and inheritance. Gender differences in these two societies are considered to be related to women's status in the labor market as well as traditional culture framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper examines the impact of charter services on international tourism in Japan. Particularly, charter flows between Japan and China are analyzed to examine their role in Sino-Japanese tourism. The results show that charters have contributed to geographic spread of tourism destinations in China, and that they meet dispersed and seasonal travel demand from Japanese regions. Scheduled services have not been able to entirely replace charter services, but cause uneven patterns in charter services. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the mainland of China, the constraints of environments, resources, especially energy resources, has increasingly become the bottleneck of economic development after reform policy for more than thirty years. In this paper, we illustrate the basic structure of energy conservation and emission reduction from historic, institutional and comparative analysis based on Japan''s case as an example of energy conservation. Our investigation shows the evolution of Japan''s energy conservation policies from a view of energy security to the view of environment protection and low carbon economy. We also analyze the tools that Japan adopted to remove energy conservation barriers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is a delicacy for subsistence consumption in fisher communities and tourist hotels in the coast of Kenya while export demand to markets in China and Japan is expanding and provides competitively higher prices. Crab exploitation and degradation of the mangrove forests have increased over the last decades therefore threatening the capture fishery. The preferred market size crab has consistently decreased from more than 1 kg two decades ago to the current size of 0.5 kg therefore posing both management and livelihood threat to the critical ecosystem (mangrove) and coastal populations. To meet the increased tourist and export demand and provide surplus for the local community while conserving the critical crab ecosystem, small-scale aquaculture has been initiated in the concept of silvofisheries. Initial culture methods have targeted sub-adult crabs of 150–350 g for culture to market size (>0.5 kg) in drive-in cages and pens (mud crab fattening). These technology attained survival of between 50 and 70% and a market price of 5 dollars per kilogram. However, research is ongoing to assess viability of stocking juvenile seed crabs directly in ponds as practised in South East Asia (SEA) as opposed to stocking of sub-adults in drive-in cages. In comparison with other areas, crab capture fisheries in East Africa have limited management and enforcement frameworks/capabilities within the wider regional fisheries policies. Also there is limited understanding of wild mud crab resources and suitable management options to avoid over-exploitation as observed in SEA. The double-edged demand (wild market size capture and juvenile capture for aquaculture) for mud crabs in addition to mangrove degradation are likely to cause great challenges to stock exploitation and livelihoods of the coastal people dependent on the resource. This review paper provides an inside onto the tradition, trends and options for development of mud crab capture and culture in Kenya. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper represents the first attempt to trace the historical development of the double-reed pipe melodies in tōgaku, a musical repertory imported into Japan from China between the seventh and the ninth centuries and performed to this day. In this study, I analyze the double-reed pipe melody in each historical period, and by comparing it with the development of the transverse flute, which plays similar melodies to those of the double-reed pipe today, I shed light on the differences in melodic development between the double-reed pipe and transverse flute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Since Kyoto Protocol is going to be expired in 2012, all the develop ed and developing countries are very concerned about the future of clean development mechanism. By using the game theory the paper analyzes the market of clean development mechanism, especially the projects of CDM between the U.S., EU, Japan and China. Based on this, the prospects of Chinese CDM market are provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

At China-Japan-Korea summit meeting in 2010, the government leaders from the three countries agree to promote the establishment of China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement (CJKFTA) to accelerate the regional trade liberalization. China's agricultural commodities hold comparative advantages in the trade among the three countries, but the environmental impact may rise from the successive enlargement of export and domestic production scale. Thus there is a need of assessing the environmental impact of such a trade policy to help the negotiators understand and pay more attention to the environment issues during CJKFTA negotiations, and help lobby the governments to carry out appropriate policy instruments for adaption or mitigation. The Chain Reaction Assessment Method (CRAM) serves to be the analysis framework, under which a Computable Partial Equilibrium (CPE) model is employed as the major analysis tool. This methodology is suitable for quantitative evaluations of economic and environmental impacts of trade policies, with the capacity of in-depth analysis on more disaggregated industrial sectors and in a more explicit view. This paper carries out simulations in three policy scenarios with discriminated levels of regional trade liberalization. Comparison of the simulation results of the FTA with the baseline scenario indicates that CJKFTA will improve the development of China's agriculture by increasing the trade volume and domestic production. Meanwhile, negative environmental impacts can be expected, including the increase of water resource consumptions and pollutant emissions, such as COD, TN, TP, agricultural chemicals, agricultural films, and green house gases. Therefore, necessary policy countermeasures should be taken to mitigate such impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The technology of hot metal pretreatment had tremendous improvements in past decades and was widely used by the overwhelming majority of steelworks in Japan. While, since the first hot metal pretreatment station was established in Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd in the later period of 1980s, this process began to be applied in domestic steel plants. And now 30 years have passed, the desilionization and dephosphorization process are still rarely seldom used in China except desulphurization process in most carbon steel plants. So in this paper, the metallurgical principles and effects of hot metal desiliconization were analyzed in great details. Meanwhile, the optimum silicon content of hot metal between iron-making and steelmaking process was summarized and calculated. The necessity of hot metal desiliconizaiton was discussed for the iron and steel companies in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper investigates the practice of lifelong learning in four East Asian countries: China, Japan, North Korea, and South Korea. Lifelong learning is differentially distinguished from lifelong education, and derives from a solid foundation of basic education. Findings show that social intrinsic motivation to lifelong learning exists widely in Japan, universally in North Korea, and remarkably less so in China and South Korea. These findings are attributed to their respective early childhood education systems. A distinct vocational intrinsic motivation is correlated with employment and community development, and is strongly influenced by education policy in each country, while personal intrinsic motivation drives lifelong learning among ageing populations - notably in Japan, and to a lesser extent in South Korea. While lifelong education is fairly well delivered by institutions, lifelong learning needs more caring support through community agents to build human capital. Suggestions are made for strategic pro-active collaboration among the four national open universities, which include sharing libraries that will reduce costs, sharing courseware and co-developing open resources, co-building a prior-learning assessment and cross-accreditation system, and building harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dai Shu Shu (Algebra) and Wei Ji Su Yuan (The Roots of Calculus) translated by Hua Hengfang (1833-1902) and John Fryer (1839-1928), mathematical works in the late Qing Dynasty had exerted great impact on the internationalization of Japanese mathematics, and the influence had lasted until the Meiji Restoration period. This paper focuses on the Chinese ions of these works such as a missionary in China, which had exerted great influence on the internationalization of Japanese mathematics during the Meiji Restoration period. Firstly, a synopsis is offered of some maths works introduced into Japan translated by others except Hua Hengfang and their influence on Japanese mathematics. Secondly, the author of Notes to the Method of Algebra and his mathematical researches are introduced, together with an analysis of the Notes and the western mathematics and the literature of the latter spread into Japan during the early period of Meiji Restoration via comparison between the Notes and the Chinese translation. Finally, some accounts are offered of Japanese scholars during the Meiji period who referred to and cited from Chinese translations of mathematical works like the Origin of Calculus in their studies or translations of western ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ancient times, china and Japan witnessed long and profound cultural exchange and Wuyue Culture had a close relationship with prehistoric Japan. This paper explores the influence of Wuyue culture from Pre-Qin stage to Wei and Jin Dynasties on prehistoric Japan, such as the relationship between the Yayoi people and Wuyue emigrants in east--movement to Japan, the eastward dissemination and spread of rice culture; the dissemination of smelting and casting technology of Iron and the technology of textile, etc. The large-scale eastward movement of Wuyue culture plays a great role in promoting the economic, cultural and social development for Japan after the 7th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetsujutsu Sankei is written by the wasan mathematician Takabe Katahiro, and as a magnum opus of mathematics, it is the most important classic in the history of Wasan. This paper mainly analyses the mathematics thought in Tetsujutsu Sankei from the angle of Chinese-Character Cultural Circle. With its focus on the relation between the traditional Chinese mathematics and the mathematics in Tetsujutsu Sankei. It is helpful to understand the outstanding mathematical work comprehensively and make a fair and objective appraisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the developments of Japan-China relations during the third quarter of 2008. Upon the request of Japan, China accelerated efforts to prosecute suspects at the Tianyang Factory involved in the contamination of frozen gyozas. In a Defense White Paper 2008 issued by Japan in September 2008, China was criticized for its military modernization and its lack of transparency. China denied Japanese speculation that an unidentified submarine spotted in Japanese territorial waters belonged to the Chinese Navy.

Reminder: Submissions to Cornell University's 2021 Selden Prize Competition for translations from Japanese is coming up fast! Materials may be submitted electronically or by hard copy by August 1. Translations of works from across all time periods and genres are welcomed! For details see the prize announcement at: http://asianstudies.cornell.edu/selden-prize Recent surveys have shown that over 90% of Japanese have a negative view of China and the Chinese people. This tendency appears to have become more pronounced since the beginning of Abe Shinzō's second term as prime minister in December 2012. It also coincides with greater and greater numbers of Chinese visiting Japan as tourists and consumers. This paper investigates portrayals of the Chinese people in Japanese media to identify positive and negative representations and to see if these correlate with the results of surveys of attitudes among the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we analyzed and compared how Japan and China''s technology policies have contributed to their industrial development. Using numerical methods, we found that technological capability has contributed to both countries’ industrial development and upgrade in their peak-growth period. Further, the governments of both countries have intentionally promoted domestic technological capability by effective technology policies, balancing the import of foreign technology and indigenous development, and engaging business/private sector as a major force for improving technological capabilities. We thus offer the following policy recommendations to the governments of developing countries: (1) being aware of the important and appropriate role of government and existing policy tools, (2) adopting for the localized option that fits the country''s specific social-economic reality; and (3) utilizing import of foreign technology and indigenous development and developing market mechanisms to encourage private sector engagement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We argue in this paper that in the WTO regime the role of efficiency seeking FDI and location advantages are likely to emerge more important. A primary survey was conducted and the Japanese MNEs were asked to assess location advantages for India in relation to China and the East Asian countries. The results support the earlier studies on the importance of infrastructure development in attracting FDI hut do not back the emphasis on controls and administrative complexities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]