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Abstract: The fast urbanization in Chongqing metropolitan has had a great impact on the environment and resources. The water resource has been recognized as one of the key elements to the sustainable development of this region. This paper presents a method of predicting the regional Water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) using the supply-demand balance model. The method predicts that the WRCC of Chongqing metropolitan is from 8.8 million persons to 14 million persons in 2020 and it will not become the bottleneck of the social and economic development of Chongqing Metropolitan in the coming period of time. However the climate change and its impact on the regional ecology will have an effect on it. The results show that the usable capacity of Passing-by water is the most important element of the WRCC of Chongqing metropolitan therefore the protection of the ecological environment in the upstream area is very important. This paper has proposed tangible advice on the sustainable social and economic development in context of water resource [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chongqing is the largest central-government-controlled municipality in China, which is now undergoing a rapid urbanization. The question remains open: What are the consequences of such rapid urbanization in Chongqing in terms of urban microclimates? An integrated study comprising three different research approaches is adopted in the present paper. By analyzing the observed annual climate data, an average rising trend of 0.10 °C/decade was found for the annual mean temperature from 1951 to 2010 in Chongqing, indicating a higher degree of urban warming in Chongqing. In addition, two complementary types of field measurements were conducted: fixed weather stations and mobile transverse measurement. Numerical simulations using a house-developed program are able to predict the urban air temperature in Chongqing. The urban heat island intensity in Chongqing is stronger in summer compared to autumn and winter. The maximum urban heat island intensity occurs at around midnight, and can be as high as 2.5 °C. In the daytime, an urban cool island exists. Local greenery has a great impact on the local thermal environment. Urban green spaces can reduce urban air temperature and therefore mitigate the urban heat island. The cooling effect of an urban river is limited in Chongqing, as both sides of the river are the most developed areas, but the relative humidity is much higher near the river compared with the places far from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of reform and opening up, Chinese villages have undergone sustained and rapid labor outflow for more than 30 years. This has promoted both the development of Chinese urbanization and the transformation of Chinese society. However, the current labor outflow in rural areas makes some regions short of labor, and thus paradoxically labor surplus and shortage both exist in China's countryside today. The labor migrating out of rural areas constitutes not only a new force promoting the development of Chinese cities but the main element in the construction of Chinese villages as well. The increasingly widespread excessive labor outflow from China's rural areas has caused many new social problems. Therefore, through analyzing the data from villages in Chongqing, this paper aims to analyze the features, causes and effects of labor outflow in China's rural areas and explore the approach to resolving this social problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Provision of land for urban development and the protection of cultivated land has been a dilemma in Chinese urbanization. • Dipiao, a development rights transfer mechanism intends to address dilemma of Chinese urbanization. • Dipiao mechanism promote urban rural integration. • Mechanism of Dipiao is able to improve land use efficiency, protect rural land, and increase peasants' income. • Some factors, e.g. higher cost, uncertainty, and others affect effective and efficient delivery of Dipiao in Chongqing. A contradictory policy in Chinese rapid urbanization comes from the twin demands for urban development land uses due to urban expansion and the protection of cultivated land for food security. Dipiao , a type of development rights transfer in Chongqing, aims at protecting cultivated land, optimizing the urban-rural land use structure, increasing villagers' income and easing the tensions between cultivated land protection and urban land development. The mechanism of Dipiao seems to be a solution to address the Chinese dilemma of land uses in urbanization. However, after delivery of this mechanism for 4 years, the market of Dipiao began to fall, especially on the demand side. The purpose of this paper is to study the determinant factors, including higher cost, uncertainty and decreases in benefits, developers' unfulfilled expectations, and accessibility to alternatives, that affect the market of Dipiao. It is expected that this research may offer some inspiration to government policy makers to reduce transitional costs in the Dipiao mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The ECU and GEL makes the largest share of contribution to the system of URB and GEE, respectively. • The coupling coordination has shown a continuous growth trend, and has transitioned to coupling coordination from disorder, from 1990 to 2015. • The coupling coordination of 38 districts has undergone significant regional differences in 2015. • Four kinds of sustainable development models of URB and GEE are proposed for mountain cities. Geo-ecological environment has extremely complex relations with urbanization, and thus summarizing the evolution trend, time rules and spatial differences from the aspect of time and space contributes to the coordinating development between the two. Taking Chongqing municipality as the case study, this paper selects appropriate indicators in the perspective of time and space, and utilizes the coupling coordination evaluation models (CCD) and GIS spatial methods to analyze the correlation degree, coupling degree and coordination degree. The results show that: (1) the Economic urbanization (0.37) and Greening ecological level (0.28) make the largest share of contribution to the system of urbanization and Geo-ecological environment, respectively. From 1990 to 2015, the coupling coordination in Chongqing has shown a continuous growth trend, and has transitioned to moderate and favorable coupling coordination from disorder. (2) The coupling coordination in 2015 has undergone significant regional differences. The coupling coordination in more developed areas (western Chongqing) was generally higher than in less developed areas (northeastern and southeastern Chongqing). (3) Moreover, four kinds of sustainable development pattern are proposed according to research conclusion and reality problems, including the ecological industry development model, cultural tourism integration model, industry-city integration model and life service model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]