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In this paper, a fractional-order SIRD mathematical model is presented with Caputo derivative for the transmission of COVID-19 between humans. We calculate the steady-states of the system and discuss their stability. We also discuss the existence and uniqueness of a non-negative solution for the system under study. Additionally, we obtain an approximate response by implementing the fractional Euler method. Next, we investigate the first and the second waves of the disease in Iran and Japan; then we give a prediction concerning the second wave of the disease. We display the numerical simulations for different derivative orders in order to evaluate the efficacy of the fractional concept on the system behaviors. We also calculate the optimal control of the system and display its numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents an updated study and numerical modelling of the Tabas, eastern Iran earthquake (), which occurred on September 16, 1978, using new techniques recently proposed by various researchers. Firstly, the near-fault ground motions recorded at a station very close to the fault were examined based on the characteristics of the velocity pulses and the frequency content of the motions. Evidence of directivity effects in recorded, near-fault ground motion, has been investigated using various methods. In the second part of this paper, stochastic simulations of near-fault, strong ground motion, using finite-fault modelling, based on a dynamic corner frequency recently proposed by Motazedian and Atkinson [Motazedian, D. and Atkinson, G. “Stochastic finite-fault modelling based on a dynamic corner frequency”, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 95(2), pp. 995–1010 (2005)], have been presented. In order to model the impulsive behaviour of near-fault ground motion, the finite-fault model was combined with the mathematical expression of Mavroeidis and Papageorgiou [Mavroeidis, G.P. and Papageorgiou, A.S. “A mathematical representation of near-fault ground motions”, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 3, pp. 1099–1131 (2003)] for modelling pulse characteristics. A new set of modelling parameters has been recommended and good agreement has been found between the recorded and simulated response spectra. The velocity pulses observed in near-fault ground motion records could also be mimicked. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The quality of education and its output in the health care services has been strongly considered by educational policymakers and managers. The development of inter-professional collaboration has been identified as an influential strategy to socialize learners in various health care professionals. Sharing knowledge and experiences in Inter-Professional Education (IPE) provides health care students with opportunities to learn inter-professional interactions for their future health care services. This paper aims to present the trajectory of IPE through a systematic search. It defines relevant terminology of IPE followed by drawing the history of IPE especially in pioneer countries. The role of World Health Organization, national and international bodies in such development also are presented. Various internal and external levers enforcing investment on the improvement of interprofessional collaboration are scrutinized. Different evidence-based advantages of IPE and its theoretical basis will be addressed. Also various models of IPE initiatives utilized around the world are summarized. The paper comes to the end with the history of IPE and its development in Islamic Republic of Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An indirect forced circulation solar water heating system using a flat-plate collector is modeled for domestic hot water requirements for the people living in Hadji-abad village. This project is designed using F-chart. The water heating load or the amount of energy required to warm water from the inlet cold water to a desired temperature, is dependent on several factors such as hot water consumption rate, cold water inlet and desired hot water set temperatures, location and orientation of the building. The system was installed to supply hot water for 12 showers and 4 private baths for a public bath complex to serve the hot water demands throughout the year for 150 people per day. The system was built in 2004 in the village of Hadji-abad near the city of Birjand in the eastern part of Iran. The installation is composed of two solar collector fields (195m2) and two storage tanks (of 3m3 capacity each). This paper emphasizes the factors associated with subsystems that are required to extract heat from 195m2 solar collectors, store this heat in two thermally insulated hot water storage tanks and the heat distribution system with electrically operated pumps for water circulation. The results show that by utilizing solar energy, the designed system could provide the total hot water demands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy supply to Iran requires the substitution of an energy model based on fossil by one based on renewable energy sources. The building sector, about 40% of total annual energy consumption, has an important share in energy demand in Iran. Iran as a Middle Eastern country has recently begun to use renewable energies. Solar energy, because of its availability and large number of sunny days in this country, is mostly concentrated. In this paper vented thermal storage wall that is used for heating of Isfahan buildings, Central of IRAN, are studied. The heating loads for a residential building which has about 800m2 floor area at four floor are calculated. Then the vented thermal storage wall are designed and the amount of annual energy saving is calculated. It is shown that more than 60 percent of winter energy consumption will saved by using this system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Spatial outliers in wind erosion are associated with severe weather events so, high rate of erosion or sedimentation in relevance to their spatial vicinity is called outlier. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of outliers on variogram model and their parameters in east of Iran. For measuring of soil erosion and sedimentation, some pins were established in nested grids. Decreasing and increasing of pin height, show sedimentation and erosion, respectively. Spatial analysis illustrate that outliers locate in NW-SE direction roughly in the same direction of predominant wind. The maximum amount of outlier is 22cm soil sedimentation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This research is based on the application of stream sediments to mineral exploration. Identifying the geochemical anomalies from background is a fundamental task in exploration geochemistry. This paper applied the element concentration–area (C–A) model, to separating the geochemical anomalies from background based on a fractal approach and for the compilation of geochemical mapping from stream sediment samples (n =620) of the Ahar region (Iran), where some Cu mineralization occurs. Comparisons of the known copper occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from C–A method illustrate these hits. All of known Cu mineralizations and moreover defines two extra Cu anomaly districts. Additional sampling (n =186) around new Cu anomaly confirms this anomaly within the district. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we solve the well-known conditional and unconditional -center problem using a modified harmony search algorithm. This music inspired algorithm is a simple meta-heuristic that was proposed recently for solving combinatorial and large-scale engineering and optimization problems. This algorithm is applicable to both discrete and continuous search spaces. We have tested the present algorithm on ORLIB and TSP test problems and compared the results of the classic harmony search approach to those of the modified harmony search method. We also present some results for other meta-heuristic algorithms including the variable neighborhood search, the Tabu search, and the scatter search. Finally, we utilize this location model to locate bicycle stations in the historic city of Isfahan in Iran. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) are common tools employed by planners to constrain urban expansion in order to increase density of urban services and protect surrounding rural landscapes. Planners could use models that estimate future urban growth boundaries based on those factors that drive urban expansion. Unfortunately, few models have been developed that simulate the urban growth boundary. This paper presents an urban growth boundary model (UGBM) which utilizes artificial neural networks (ANN), geospatial information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) to simulate the complex geometry of the urban boundary of Tehran, Iran. Raster-based predictive variables are used as inputs to the ANNs parameterized using vector routines. ANNs were used to train on seven predictor variables of urban boundary geometry for Tehran: roads, green spaces, slope, aspect, elevation, service stations, and built-area. We show that our UGBM can predict urban growth boundaries with urban area with 80–84% accuracy. The model predicts urban boundaries in all cardinal directions equally well. We use the model to predict urban growth to the year 2012. We summarize the use of UGBs in planning around the world and describe how this model can be used to assist planners in developing future urban growth boundaries given the need to understand those factors that contribute toward urban expansion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Although water and soil conservation activities reduce reservoir sedimentation, it is inevitable that reservoirs fed by rivers transporting high amounts of sediment will experience sedimentation. The Ghezel-Ozan and Shah-Roud rivers, which flow to the Sefid-Roud reservoir dam, are both highly sediment-laden and transport significant amounts of sediment in both bed load and suspended load forms to the reservoir. Hence, it seems that the only practical way to remove the sediment from the reservoir is to flush it out using the Chasse method. In the present paper, field measurements of Chasse operation characteristics taken in previous years are presented, and a numerical model that simulates this process is introduced. After calibrating the model using field measured data, the calculated results (for reservoir pressure flushing and released sediment volume) of the numerical model were compared with other measured data for the same Chasse operation and the results agree well. Finally, using the numerical simulation results, the best approaches to ensure highly effective flushing while conserving reservoir water are presented (at least for the Sefid-Roud dam). The operation of the bottom outlet gates, the shape of the output hydrograph, and the reservoir water level variation during flushing were optimized. In addition, the numerical model and related parameters, which need to be calibrated, are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the absence of either satellite ephemeris information or camera model, rational functions are introduced by many investigators as mathematical model for image to ground coordinate system transformation. The dependency of this method on many ground control points (GCPs), numerical complexity, particularly terms selection, can be regarded as the most known disadvantages of rational functions. This paper presents a mathematical solution to overcome these problems. Genetic algorithms are used as an intelligent method for optimum rational function terms selection. The results from an experimental test carried out over a test field in Iran are presented as utilizing an IKONOS Geo image. Different numbers of GCPs are fed through a variety of genetic algorithms (GAs) with different control parameter settings. Some initial constraints are introduced to make the process stable and fast. The residual errors at independent check points proved that sub-pixel accuracies can be achieved even when only seven and five GCPs are used. GAs could select rational function terms in such a way that numerical problems are avoided without the need to normalize image and ground coordinates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]