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These challenging economic times put most countries in a position to stimulate and strengthen economic growth through fiscal policy measures. We all know that fiscal policy aims to raise as much revenue as possible for the state budget in order to stimulate economic growth. As a result, Romania adopts fiscal policy measures such as: stimulating investments, stimulating consumption, controlling inflation, reducing the budget deficit, etc. Economists (Musgrave Richard & Musgrave Paggy, 1984) identified three functions of fiscal policy which are inter conditioned and related to the state economy: allocation, distribution and stabilization.[13] The paper aims to address in a suggestive manner the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth, and the main objective of the article is to highlight the evolution of economic growth in Romania in the last 10 years as a result of the application and implementation of fiscal policy measures in order to maximize the positive impact on economic growth. Fiscal policy is the basis for a state's economic actions, interacting with all other policies, i.e. monetary policy, social policy, development policy, budgetary policy, etc. This interaction must be translated into a set of economic growth measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS PAPER EXAMINES THE GREAT ECONOMIC DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF GDP EVOLUTION IN ROMANIA SINCE 1989, WHEN THE COMMUNIST REGIME COLLAPSED, WITH THE AIM TO ANSWER THE RESEARCH QUESTION RELATED TO THIS GREAT ECONOMIC DIFFERENCE. IN 1989 ROMANIA HAD A GDP OF $41.45 BLN. COMPARED WITH $301.26 BLN. IN 2022, WHILE THE AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO ANSWER THE QUESTION OF "WHY IS SUCH A DIFFERENCE?" BASED ON THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK PROVIDED BY THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS, IN THE PERSPECTIVE DELIVERED BY DARON ACEMOGLU AND JAMES A. ROBINSON, MY ANSWER TO THE RESEARCH QUESTION, WHICH REPRESENTS THE PAPER HYPOTHESIS, IS THAT THE POST 1989 DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIA WAS DRIVEN BY ADOPTING INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes Romania's level of economic development nationally and regionally. The Gross Domestic Product is the most representative indicator of the results achieved. Therefore, we made a comparison on how this indicator evolved in the eight development regions of Romania, showing the positive or less positive aspects specific to each region. The most relevant indicator that expresses the level of economic development of a region is certainly the regional Gross Domestic Product per inhabitant, but we also analyzed other aspects regarding the economic situation in a territorial profile given the national or European context. We also presented other statistical data significant for this study. The analysis of the evolution of the regional Gross Domestic Product compared to the national and European average represents another direction through which we highlighted the way regional disparities have evolved in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare of the population and investment are known to be drivers of economic growth. The paper explores the concept of economic growth and the development of determinants of this economic phenomenon. Since the beginning of the 20th century, economic models based on the premise that investment factors lead to the growth of a nation have been widely used. Since GDP is a quantitative indicator that allows making conclusions about a country's economic growth, this paper studies GDP dynamics in Ukraine, compared to other regions, and identifies its link with the FDI. The article analyzes the dynamics of direct foreign investments on regional and global scales, and compares them with trends in world gross product changes, which is a direct expression of a region's growth status. To test our hypothesis on the interrelation between GDP and macroeconomic indicators such as FDI, inflation index, and discount rate, we conducted panel studies using data from Ukraine, Georgia, Serbia, and Romania. The findings suggest that foreign direct investments constitute one of the sources of a country's GDP growth and, therefore, it can be considered an important determinant of a country's economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although health spending has increased in Romania, the budget allocation for health, compared to the gross domestic product, is among the lowest in Europe, specifically, in 2019, lower on average by 4.69% compared to the European average and by 6.08% compared to Germany, the country with the highest budget allocation for health. Every year, Romania's mortality rate is among the highest in the European Union, each time above the EU average and in last place in terms of treatable causes of mortality, which does show that the national health system fails to provide the necessary services, among the main causes being underfunding and inefficient use of allocated financial resources. The effects of the underfunding of the health system in Romania are highlighted in the statistics of the European Union level, the life expectancy at birth as well as the unsatisfied needs regarding the medical services ranked far worse than the European average. As part of this paper, a qualitative and quantitative research has been done which highlights the existence of direct relationships between the underfunding of the Romanian health system and the ability to provide citizens with adequate medical services. A comparative analysis of the level of funding in EU countries is conducted in regards to the best performing health systems, which have a direct impact on the health of the population and the situation in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign trade is considered a major component of sustainable economic growth. The links between it and the gross domestic product (GDP) have been analyzed in numerous specialized economic works. The developed econometric models have demonstrated the strong connection, both in the short and long term, between these macroeconomic components. This paper demonstrates once again the long-term and short-term links between these variables by using the VECM (vector error correction) econometric model on the annual GDP, Export and Import data with Romanian agricultural products from the period 1995-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trading transactions between nations have a very long history, but in recent years international trade has become increasingly important with a larger share of GDP devoted to exports and imports and it is considered to be a major component of sustainable economic growth. The correlation between external trade flows and gross domestic product (GDP) have been analyzed in many specialized economic papers. The developed econometric models have demonstrated the strong connection between these macroeconomic indicators. This paper once again demonstrates the long-term and short-term relationship between these variables using the VEC econometric model on quarterly GDP, Export, Import and GFCF data of Romania from 1995 to 2015. The VECM analysis was performed using R statistical software and is based on data extracted from the Eurostat, European Union Statistical Office website and are expressed in millions of euro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within this paper, we have approached the theme of enclaves from economic and social perspective. Seen as a process due not only to immigrants who tend to settle down in larger urban centers, with large and heterogeneous population, but also due to the migration from the countryside to urban areas, economic enclaves have long-term effects. In this context, we have have highlighted the main causes which have an influence on the regional enclave phenomenon as well as the multiple effects such a complex phenomenon may have on national economy and obviously on a country's population. We have completed the work by presenting the GDP as the main indicator of the intensity of the enclave process and the discrepancies recorded by developing regions as a result of regional gaps. The paper tackles several aspects of the enclave process since a clear delimitation of economic enclaves cannot be made without dealing with its social aspects, as well; therefore, we have made a classification of enclaves, the broadest one including the regions where enclaves can be found. It is obvious that the reduction of the negative effects of this phenomenon is the responsibility of the State and its institutions whose mission is to implement plans and strategies in the field of regionalization; therefore, we concluded the paper with the presentation of the portfolio of targets needed to be achieved for a balanced regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism has been developed into the fourth industry in sense of contribution to GDP worldwide. This paper analyses the role of tourism industry to gross domestic product (GDP) of some European countries like as Germany, Italy, France, Spain and Romania, but also countries like USA, China, Japan, Great Britain, Mexico. The objective of this research was to determine the top five tourism markets in 2019 according to annual report of the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC, 2020). Romania's tourism industry had a direct role of 3.16 billion USD to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2018, a little more higher than in 2017, placing Romania on the 64th place in the world. The analysis the World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC, 2020) estimates an economic impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on tourism and travel 5 times greater than that of the global financial crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a pillar of a country's economy due to its ability to provide growth and prosperity and to reduce poverty and regional disparities. The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC, 2011) estimates that the Travel & Tourism sector is accountable for 9.2 per cent of global GDP, 4.8 per cent of world export and 9.2 per cent of world investments. In this context, the travel & tourism competitiveness index, created by World Economic Forum, aims to measure the factors and the sub-factors that make attractive the development of tourism in different countries. The aim of using this tool is to provide useful information for comparing the tourism industry at country level. This paper aims to analyse the factors and sub-factors that underline the travel & tourism competitiveness index (TTCI), applied at regional level, from the perspective of the 8 development regions of Romania. The purpose of this analysis is to observe the competitiveness of these regions and to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each region, analysis based on which we can find solutions to increase competitiveness at regional and country level. The results of the article can provide useful information for the tourism industry regarding a comparative analysis of the regions of Romania, and can also be a tool for decision-making related to business development and tourism sector. Furthermore, this paper is useful for the tourism industry due to the possibility of drawing attention to the obstacles faced by the tourism sector, first of all at regional level and secondly, at country level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a methodology to estimate the dynamics of a country's human development in the long run. The methodology maintains the three core dimensions of the Human Development Index (HDI) proposed by the United Nations Development Programme and uses the yearly average rates instead of normalized values. This way, we are able to define yearly average rate of human development (YARHU) of the considered country. The methodology is applied to the case of Romania for the 1899- 1999 period. The period belongs to two Kondratieff cycles of Romania's economy (1888- 1947 and 1948-1999). The results reveal a moderate dynamics of human development during the considered century in the context of adverse external shocks and contradictory internal structural changes. The dynamics of human development during the 1899-1947 period was slower in comparison to the 1948-1999 period. During the 1899-1947 period, the educational indicators, i.e. the literacy degree and enrolment degree, contributed significantly to the human development dynamics, while during the 1947-1999 period, the higher yearly average rate of human development was obtained especially due to the growth of the gross domestic product per capita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian foreign trade was significantly changed after 1990. The privatization, economic restructuring and EU accession had an impact not only on the size and foreign trade diversity but also on the structure and commerce routes. Moreover, Romania's Integration in the European Union on January 1st, 2007, eliminates the trade barriers between member countries, increasing the trade relations within the region and facilitating the expansion of intra-industry trade. This paper aims to analyze the level and structure of foreign trade in Romania after 1989 by analyzing the dependency and the stability indicators. The Grubel Lloyd index is computed by type of ownership of fi rm's capital and specific activity of companies - export of high-tech products, inward processing transactions, etc. The main conclusion is that Romania should keep a right balance between dependency on EU single market and developing trade relations with other non-EU countries where it can have either an exceeding trade balance or comparative advantages based on high-tech exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights the role of education in the growth of economic competitiveness and efficiency of human capital, in accordance with the quality of education and investments in human resources, in order to enhance labour productiveness. The paper starts by a brief analysis of Romania's educational system, by comparison with the EU countries, analysing the number of high school students / college students per teacher, the percentage of education expenditure in the GDP, the correlation between the labour force's training level and insertion into the labour market. The paper also presents the EU countries' ranking related to higher education and professional training, pointing out the importance of lifelong professional training at the place of work. The paper draws conclusions regarding the importance of the labour force training, as the operation of a modern economy requires the existence of a well-trained labour force, education representing one of the fundamental pillars of any society's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Because of the multiple benefits they have on the receiving economy, FDI causes a true global competition. In the current economic climate, the foreign direct investments are a good alternative source for financing the Romanian economy. This paper analyse the FDI stock, inequality and growth in Romanian economy by regions. By analysing the evolution of FDI stock and GDP per capita in Romania during 2003-2011, the present paper try to highlight some aspects related to the regional development and FDI relation from the viewpoint of the sustainable development in Romania''s economy. The paper provides a new perspective on the issue of why FDI are attracted or not by Romanian regions. The study is based on the hypothesis that FDI inflows can influence the regional development and economic-social welfare in Romania. In this perspective, the final objective of the paper is the answer to the following question: “are FDI a factor of regional disparities growth or one of diminution?”. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The central theme of this paper is, as the title itself shows, the econometric modelling of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), based on the concept Euromoney's country risk rating. This article contains three sections, the first part or the introduction is an approach of investment risk and, in particular, introduces a new element in modelling investment, namely country risk rating. Thus, a bridge is created towards the second section, which essentially deals with the econometric modelling of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Romania, after 1996, based on Euromoney's data (ECR). The originality of this paper is underlined by the presence of a final model which includes, as an exogenous variable, country risk rating in assessing the FDI share of GDP as an endogenous variable. A final remark comments, from an economic perspective, the results of the econometric modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper presents the determinants of the health profile of the EU population, focusing on the health financing policy goals and the comparative study of the financing methods used by the healthcare systems. The background is based upon the population growth rates between the years 1960 and 2005 and upon the age-structure-development of the population. The paper also presents a breakdown of the contribution mechanisms by country, further focusing on the case of the Romanian healthcare system, analyzing and modeling its healthcare expenses function of its GDP and a population variable. The materials focus the different health financing policy goals of the EU healthcare systems. A special significance is given to the Romanian financing-development of the healthcare sector since 1989. The used method of this paper is the regression analysis. The results zoom in on the main still present problem regarding the financial sustainability of the healthcare domain for the analyzed period: the fact that most resources are still used by the hospital sector. Concluding we can emphasize two main ideas: The first is that the competence for the organization and delivery of health services and healthcare is largely held by the Member States, although the EU has the responsibility to give added value. The second idea is that Romania's healthcare system has been characterized by centralism and limited options up to 1989 and a few years after. The declared Romanian goals of the reform process have been just relatively applied in practice up to the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to outline some aspects of the interdependency between the unemployment rate and the GDP rhythm under the specific circumstances of the Romanian economy in the pre-accession period to the EU. The paper presents two methodological versions used in the study of this correlation, namely: the version of the level of the gross domestic product (LGDP) and the version of the growth rate (GR). The implementation of this methodology shows that the reversed connection between the two macroeconomic variables cannot be applied for Romania in the analyzed period. These situations are also proved and the end of the paper presents the way of using the results obtained for the preparation of predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a comparative analysis of Romania's GDP and other European countries' GDP, as a response to social media debate on the fact that Romania seems to have the highest economic growth. The purpose of the research is to signal a series of inconsistencies between the GDP indicator and the economic reality of a country. In this sense, we propose an assessment of the level of GDP in Romania and in other countries, as well as the growth rate of GDP. We also want to highlight other representative aspects of a country's assessment such as the debt ratio or the uneven income distribution, which are more representative than the GDP indicator. In this context, we want to emphasize that an isolated analyzer can distort the real image. At the same time, the issue is alarming if we recall some other negative events, such as the 2008-2009 period, when Romanian society, being encouraged by a fictitious explosion of GDP, has developed an unsustainable, debt-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the relationship between GDP, FDI and merchandise exports using a vector error-correction model (VECM). The empirical model is based on quarterly data for the period 2005-2014 in Romania. The Granger causality test indicate a positive significant bidirectional relationship and between FDI and GDP and a unidirectional relationship between GDP and exports. The variance decomposition indicates that more than 50% of the fluctuations in FDI are explained by the shocks in GDP, while the influence of shocks in exports is quite low. Fluctuations in GDP are largely explained by the shocks occurring in this variable. As regards exports, 44% of fluctuations are due to FDI, while the impact of GDP reaches 13-15% after 10 quarters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights the role of tourism in Romania as a force of economic development. It starts by a brief presentation of the components of Romanian tourism and continues by the analysis of tourism's contribution to the GDP in the EU, and also in Romania. It further presents the contribution of tourism to exports and to the total number of jobs, indicating the connections with the other industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the evolutions of the Romania economy at the macroeconomic level, analysis based, on most part, by the study of the Gross Domestic Product. Following the study of available statistical data, valuable conclusions were drawn regarding the situation of our national economy and the movement from the periods past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that until the late 1980s, in Romania, the term "unemployed" was practically unused, the centralized economy having as major goal the complete occupancy. Starting with 1990, this phenomenon was manifested itself in our country as well, as a result of the imbalance of the labor market. To understand and represent the macroeconomic phenomena better, the paper presents the analysis of the relationship between the Gross domestic product and the unemployment, as well as the current infl uences. The conclusions show the fact that beginning with 1995, their dynamics included a relationship, broken by the effects of the world economic crisis present in our country as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Statistical Review is the property of Romanian Statistical Review Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Statistical Review is the property of Romanian Statistical Review Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent crisis evolutions have changed both the hypothesis in terms of monetary integration inside the Euro Zone for future members, but also the type of approach needed in order to achieve two major objectives' sets. These aims can be described as sustainability and medium and long term macroeconomic volatility control. This paper envisages pointing out Romania's necessary approach concerning the Euro adoption process based on a set of variables determining a so called convergence array. Components are determined leaving from the depth of the real convergence and catching-up process, from the structural analysis of the Romanian economy and its GDP evolution during recent years and getting to the out-put variation, foreign debt directing towards more or less productive investments. In order to get a clearer perspective of Romania's growth perspective, we test the OeNB's Forecasting Model for Selected CESEE Countries for Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors analyze the main aspects regarding the use of the multiple regression model in the analysis of the Gross Domestic Product of Romania, during the period 1990 - 2010. In this context, there are used as explicative variables, the values of the final consumption, gross formation of capital, variation of inventories and net export. Following the research, we have revealed the fact that this kind of model is not only valid, but also indicated to be used in macroeconomic analyses, because the value of the free term (as image of the factors non-specified in the model) is a much reduced one than the values achieved through linear simple regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper article, two strategies based on the econometric approach are proposed in order to improve the forecast accuracy of GDP index in Romania. First, the index is predicted starting from an econometric model that reflects the relationship between the GDP index and the GDP deflator. Then, the errors of these forecasts are computed: On the other hand, the errors result directly from an econometric model that shows the relationship between the GDP index forecast errors and the GDP deflator prediction errors. The data series are historical errors of forecasts based on the Dobrescu macromodel. The forecasts errors of the GDP index based on the Dobrescu macromodel historical errors for 2009-2011 are lower than the errors taken directly from the proposed econometric model. However, the Dobrescu macromodel provided a better accuracy for the GOP index. If the historical errors are predicted using updated MA(1)models, the one-step-ahead forecasts are the most accurate, this being a suitable strategy to improve the prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is adopted the assumption that the analysis of the features of the sectoral structure of a county's economy shall have in view not only the sectoral distribution of value-added, but also the sectoral ratios of the effective production to the value added, and the sectoral multipliers of the input-output table. In this context, having in view some algebrical properties of the backward multipliers of the input-output table, demonstrated in F. M. Pavelescu (1997), an improved methodology is proposed for the analysis and interpretation of the economic significance of the above-mentioned indicator both in absolute and relative values. The analytical framework mentioned above is applied in the case of Romania and permits to show that in Romania, during the period 1989-2009, the transformation process and the integration into the European Union generated not only important fluctuations of the gross domestic product (GDP) and the growth of the role of the service sector, but also important changes in the sectoral ratio of the effective production to the value added and in the size of the input-output multipliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article aims to use the appropriate models based on dispersion method, variance, to identify the dynamics and amplitude differences in the level of regional development in European Union and Romania, expressed by the GDP, per capita and total. In the present paper, we limit the approach area to two important aspects: identifying the main convergence trends at regional level within EU-27 with the help of GDP/capita, and the analysis of the trends registered at the level of regional disparities in Romania. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, we have investigated the dependence of net export based on GDP and the consumer demand in Romania during 2001-2011. After determining the regression equation, the main conclusion is that in Romania is an excessive dependence of net exports from the level of consumption. The fact is easily explained in terms of negative trade balance, the Romanian consumption being based on a very large proportion of imported products. An increase in GDP will lead to a higher negative trade balance therefore it must, imperatively, a modify in export structure in the sense of either adapting to global requirements or a higher quantity and quality production in traditional areas already. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to investigate and explain the evolution of the Romanian textile industry over the last decade. Potential explanatory factors, both systematic and industry-specific, for the dramatic industry decay are identified e.g. the disappearance of the primary industry, the continuous increase in the minimum wage in Romania, an acute labour shortage, the liberalisation and full integration of the textile industry into GATT in 2005 and the recent global economic crisis. Furthermore we present empirical evidence of the linkages and causality between the overall economic growth of Romania, the evolution of the country's textile industry and the rate of growth of the minimum wage in the economy during June 2000 and January 2011. We found that the lagged minimum wage growth and lagged textile industry sales growth together explain 80% of the future rate of growth in the country's gross domestic product (GDP). All econometric tests conducted using our dataset agree that past and contemporaneous increases in minimum wages have had a significant negative impact on the textile industry. Finally, Granger causality tests reveal that the rate of growth in the GDP is driven by sales in the textile industry, and at the same time textile industry sales also drives macroeconomic growth. This bilateral causality is significant at 5% in both cases, being stronger from the industry-level to the economy-level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to define the realistic position of Romanian tourism in the regional context, compared with its main competitors (Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria). In order to decide on the development directions of the Romanian tourism or even on the development opportunity of this sector through its contribution to the economic growth, we will be considering a series of indicators, such as: the contribution of tourism incomes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the capacity of tourism industry to create jobs, the dynamics of tourist product export and of the domestic demand, the attractiveness for the investment environment, the performances of leisure tourism and of business tourism (the main forms of tourism). To have a relevant image of the performances of the Romanian tourism, we are going to compare each variable with the results obtained by the main competitors: Austria, Bulgaria and Hungary, for which the presented information is based on the reports submitted by these countries to the World Tourism Organization, to the World Tourism Council and/or to the national statistics of said countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, most countries are concerned with the implementation of public policies which increase or maintain the social welfare of their citizens. The most important component of this policy is the social one, and within it stands out particularly the social protection system. In Romania, this system consists of two main components: the state social insurance system and the social assistance system. The extent to which the two systems reach their ultimate goal, namely to ensure a decent life for citizens, depending on their area of coverage by social security benefits. These are expenditures that are included in the public budget. The level of these expenditures, their share in the total expenditure of the budget system, but also their share in GDP are indicators that show the coverage level of social protection system and ultimately its ability to raise the level of living standards. This paper aims at a brief analysis of both the level as well as the evolution of these indicators between 2006 and 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the premise that, under the circumstances of the present economic crisis, the understanding and capitalization of social economy are essential, the hereby paper attempts at emphasizing the need of developing this field, mainly owing to its capacity of creating and providing jobs. Relying on the hypothesis according to which social economy has strengthened its position of alternative form of economic development founded upon social and economic values and principles (volunteering, democracy, non-patrimonial goals, professional development of its members, and autonomy before the State), we consider that this field both displays a manner of developing businesses according to the principles of social equity and responsibility and represents an important source of jobs and a significant contributor to the GDP. At the same time, we should notice the fact that the forms of social economy play an important part in settling economic and social issues, providing a range of activities and services whose demand is not always properly covered by private or public entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors measure, with the help of a multiple regression model, the links between the value of GDP, as resultant variable, and as factorial variables, the overall value of properties, the value of agricultural terrains, inide terrains and infrastructure. The model is applied with the help of Eviews software, the results thus achieved being then interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the evolution of internal commerce in Romaniaduring the last decade, both from the structural point of view and dynamics. Also, there are presented the main coordinates which numerous politics enforced during the studied period were based on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the evolution and main characteristics of tourism in Romania from the demand side. The study is organized in two parts. The first part focuses on the holiday trips of at least one overnight stay. The approach is comparative, Romania being benchmarked against the EU-27 average. The analysis shows that the touristic demand in Romania has followed a trend parallel with the GDP curve as the touristic demand is strongly correlated with the level of population disposable income. The second part of the analysis refers to the same-day trips (with no overnight stay). Among the same-day visits of the Romanian residents, the domestic trips predominate by far. Main purposes include visiting relatives or friends, shopping, leisure and recreation (including picnic) or medical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a complex analysis of the GDP's evolution in our country. Given the position of the indicator in the context of the national economy, such analysis is much more important, knowing that the results outline the performances of all activities within the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains a statistical and economic analysis of the tax system of Romania in the last decade, as well as comparisons with the other states of the European Union. The overall tax ratio of Romania, i.e. the sum of taxes and social security contributions in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is the lowest in the European Union. Considering the fact that the GDP value, that constitutes the denominator of the overall tax ratio, includes estimates of production by the informal sector (the "grey" and "black" economy), this reduction can be explained not only by tax reductions, but also by the high tax evasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania the market of private postal and courier services appeared after 1990, witnessing are more and more accentuated growth following the liberalization of postal services market in 2000. The present paper proposes to built a model of analysis of the existing relations among different sectors of the national economy, as well as the manner in which they influence the Romanian postal and courier services market and the human resources emloyeed in this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper purpose is to determine if there is any correlation between the economic growth and the environmental protection. We seek to find the way that a strong economic development could positively influence the environment financing the expenditures needed to protect it from harmful human activities. The result is the simple correlation model where the GDP is chosen as independent variable (factor) and the environmental protection expenditures as dependent variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the world's economy is in a constantly change. Foreign direct investments flows are one of the most dynamic and prospective part of the world's economy. The main goal of this study is to underline the evolution of the FDI flows and FDI stock in Romania, based on the results of an econometrical method, to see the correlation that exists between FDI and economical growth and to determine if by stimulating the foreign direct investments, we will increase the GDP level. The last part of our goal will be achieved by a comparison with Poland. Through this paper, we tried to analyze the foreign direct investments flows and stock in Romania and in Poland, during 1991 - 2009, variables correlated with GDP per capita, one of the most important macroeconomic indicators. This study is based on UNCTAD statistics and on an econometrical model which gives us the possibility to create different analysis concerning FDI flows and stock in this country. So we defined a multiple regression model, in which the dependent variable is represented by Nominal and real GDP, total and per capita, variable explicated by FDI flows and FDI stock, using as method the Least Squared, including 19 observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the last 20 years, Romania had other priorities than tourism and incoming. With the share of 3 - 3.5 % in Romanian GDP, tourism has modest impact on economical, social and environmental wellbeing of the country. Once the economic and financial crisis has shown its effects, Romania has committed to reconsider the tourism resources, relaunching several economic sectors that weren't assessed at their entire potential: tourism and agriculture. The paper aims to present the way Romania is perceived on the international tourism market, analysing the strong and weak points of its brand today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to estimate the size of Romanian shadow economy using one of the most used indirect monetary approach, the currency demand approach for quarterly time series data covering the period 2000-2010. The amount of currency demand is estimated using a cointegration-based error correction mechanism in vector autoregression models. The empirical results indicate that the size of Romanian shadow economy is estimated to be decreasing over the period, reaching at the end of the period about 40 percentage of official GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]