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This paper compares and analyzes the present situation and the key technology of the research on the impact loading of the automobile seat at home and abroad, and analyzes the concrete problems existing in the research of the automobile seat in our country at present, this paper puts forward the new principle of impact loading of automobile seat, explains the loading process of impact loading principle in detail, constructs the mathematical model of loading principle and simulates and analyzes the loadability, the hydraulic system of the impact loading system of the automobile seat is designed in detail, and the hydraulic loading process of the automobile seat is refined, the simulation and test of the integrated performance of the vehicle seat impact loading system are carried out, which validates the feasibility of the design and lays a solid foundation for the next development of the entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Opera has gone from a cherished vehicle for royal and aristocratic socializing to a forum for cultural experiences open to everybody. At least for those of us who can afford a ticket. This paper presents findings regarding the transition of audience revenues from the renting out of boxes and seats for all performances during one season to the aristocracy to a much larger share of tickets sold for single performances to a more general audience. Although it was a long, drawn-out process, it seems that the French Revolution was a tipping point not only for the French opera houses, but for those in other European countries as well. Possible pull factors for the much increased bourgeoisie demand are discussed. They include the general economic growth, stable ticket prices, technological evolution, changes in repertoire, the social identification factor, conspicuous consumption, and the new ‘celebrity industry’. This story is told based on primary data collected in the archives belonging to the Opéra National de Paris, Kungliga Operan in Stockholm, Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels, Teatro Regio in Turin and Königliche Preussische Hofoper in Berlin. Secondary sources are used to describe what occurred in opera venues in London. The paper also includes information on how seats were sold, who rented boxes annually, box office revenues and on the share of these revenues in the opera revenues. The study ranges from 1750 to 1824. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Historiae Artis Slovenica is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with investigating performance of car seat fabrics in terms of their compression and recovery properties influenced by heat degradation. Polyurethane foam, nonwoven and 3D knitted spacer fabrics are commonly used as padding (in middle layer) in car seats cover. The current work presents an alternative approach to evaluate effectivity of car seat fabrics, namely behaviour of their middle layers before and after heat degradation which simulates hot summer condition. In summary, results show that 3D spacer is the most appropriate middle layer for car seat cover because of its recovery properties is very good at both before and after heat degradation (about 94% from original thickness) on the contrary PU foam. The PU foam is very good at recovery behaviour under standard ambient conditions (temperature about 25°C) on the other hand PU foam recovery significantly decreases (about 40% against 3D spacer) after impact of high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the objective method to evaluate the subjective evaluation of the pulling sound of the seat belt. The physical quantification is required to objectively evaluate the subjective response of the pulling sound. This is called the 'sound quality metric.' The sound quality metric should be correlated with the subjective rating of the pulling sound. In this paper, not only is the sound quality metric extracted from the measured interior sound when a passenger pulls the seat belt but also the subjective evaluation is performed for the pulling sound of the seat belt in the 18 vehicles. The pulling sound index is developed through a linear regress analysis of the sound quality metric and the subjective rating. The developed index is used for the objective evaluation of the subjective evaluation of the pulling sound of a seat belt with after modifications of seat belt components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gear boxes must provide for the automobile with the best dynamic and economic qualities for the power and revolution of the internal combustion engine. In order to do this, it must have a simple design, light weight, reduced gauge, high reliability and easy maintenance. In this paper, based on the constructive solutions and the geometric elements that were calculated, we obtained a 3D modelling of the elements of the transmission of a gear box and the assembling of these elements in order to obtain the constructive dimensions of the gear box and in order to verify the other composing elements (shafts, bearings, synchronization mechanisms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing product variety, companies aim to become better than their competitors by providing a superior product developed with a customer-oriented product design approach and a quality strategy. In order to achieve this, companies should well understand customer expectations and quickly be able to convert these expectations to technical characteristics. Since the expectations consist of mostly subjective judgments, this evaluation process contains vagueness and impreciseness. A triplet represents the uncertainty in subjective judgments: the degrees of belongingness or Truthiness (T), non-belongingness or Falsity (F), and indeterminacy (I). For this reason, in this paper, a neutrosophic Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology based on neutrosophic AHP and neutrosophic DEMATEL is developed and applied to the design of a car seat. In this methodology, the weighting of customer requirements is performed by neutrosophic AHP. The relationships among the technical characteristics are determined by neutrosophic DEMATEL for the customer-oriented product design, considering both impreciseness in the data and indeterminacy of the decision-makers. In other words, the contribution of this paper is that the proposed methodology provides better integration of the voice of customers into technical characteristics through a practical fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis. Based on the results, it is revealed that seat height is the most important technical characteristic, followed by vertical travel range and horizontal travel range. Moreover, validity and verification of the proposed methodology have been tested with other methods presented in the literature. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out to show the flexibility of the given decisions under different cases. Lastly, possible implications on theoretical and managerial aspects have been discussed. • A customer-oriented product design approach is developed and applied for car seats. • A new methodology based on QFD, DEMATEL, AHP and neutrosophic sets is proposed. • The proposed approach can handle uncertainty in customer expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the modelling and control of rail vehicle semi-active suspensions. The analytical models of the quarter rail vehicle with a passenger seat, describing the vertical motion, are presented for semi-active and passive suspensions. Two controllers, i.e., PID-ZN and LQR are designed in order to improve the passenger comfort. This comfort is evaluated in terms of the passenger displacement and vibration. These comfort criteria are evaluated as a response of a rail imperfection excitation. The obtained results prove that the semi-active suspension with a LQR controller yields the best results compared to PID controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a class of seat suspension systems with body dynamics, an active controller is designed in this paper based on the sliding mode control approach. Matched road excitations and unmatched parameter perturbations in the system are considered, and a global sliding switching function is given. Based on Lyapunov theory, the robustness of the system is verified. The system states are observed by employing seat displacement and body acceleration based on the sliding mode observer. Simulation results demonstrate that the desired dynamics and robustness can be achieved in the case of varying stiffness and damping and bad road condition, which is otherwise by LQR controller and traditional sliding mode controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vlakna a Textil is the property of Vyskumny Ustav Chemickych Vlaken and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve operating noise performance of a seat adjuster mechanism, benchmarking measurements were conducted in different cars for six and eight types of seat adjustment operation. The six types of operation include: seat moving up, seat moving down, seat front end up, seat front end down, seat rear end up and seat rear end down. The eight types of operation include: seat moving forward, seat moving backward, seat moving up, seat moving down, seat front end up, seat front end down, seat rear end up and seat rear end down. The noise and vibration levels, sound quality and root causes of the noise problem have been analysed and discussed in this paper. The noise characteristics have been identified, and the psychoacoustic parameters have been used to quantify sound quality of the seat adjuster. The objective assessment results have been found to match well with subjective evaluation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel polypropylene glycol (designated PPG) which contains an extremely smaller amount of by-products (monols) was developed to improve the riding comfort of an automotive seating foams, The current trend in the automotive seating industry is moving to low resilience molded foam due to the structure change from "full foam" to "foam and high tension spring combination," new automotive seating foams were desired to have low resilience with keeping the low transmissibility at 6 Hz. Riding comfort mainly consists of three factors such as static property, dynamic property and durability. Each issue was solved by means of increasing the polymer molecular weight and the crosslinking density in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, it was also cleared that the transmissibility at resonance frequency of the foam can lower by means of the adjustment of closed cell ratio in the foam. In this paper, we describe the foam properties (static property, dynamic property, durability) of TDI/MDI based molded foams and make clear the mechanism of the Riding comfort of automotive seating foams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an active vehicle seat to isolate the equipment and passengers in a vehicle from vibration and to compensate, to a certain extent, for acceleration in all directions. The main objective of this system is to reduce the negative effects of vibration and acceleration on embarked equipment and passengers. The active seat is composed of three main subsystems: 1. A motion sensor unit installed on the vehicle body, to acquire the main motion parameters of the vehicle: speeds, accelerations, inclinations, etc. 2. A small motion base attached to the seat. This platform moves actively, driven by a set of actuators. 3. A control system for the overall system command. The seat has been extensively tested and the main results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an experimental method to quantify the capability of an automotive seat to move heat and moisture away from the heat and water source is presented. To test the method, a test apparatus was constructed that generates heat and water vapour. The apparatus was placed on a seat cushion for a fixed time period. At the end of the period, heat and water transported were measured. These integrated values were used to quantify the seat's capability to move heat and moisture and ultimately to compare seats. By the impulse test method, the passenger seat had an effusivity of 94.7 W s[sup 1/2]/m[sup 2] K. A non-ventilated seat transferred 5 W of thermal energy and an average of 0.36 g/min of water in 1800 s. A ventilated seat transferred 13.9 W of thermal energy and 0.70 g/min of water in 1800 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]