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The article analyses multiple meanings of silence in the novel Chronicle of a Last Summer written by the contemporary Egyptian writer Yasmine El Rashidi. The paper moves beyond the understanding of silence as a mere absence of speech and considers its semantic ambiguity whose interpretation is circumstantially dependent. The silences depicted in the novel are not uniform; instead, they originate from various contexts. The article aims to identify these silences, explore their origins, and analyse their potential meanings and functions; some serve as a form of communication, others result from intentional silencing or even collective trauma. The paper focuses mostly on silences produced by people around the protagonist, either intentional or imposed, which have shaped her personality and her own take on silence, specifically her lack of coverage of the revolutionary period. Even though the protagonist's silence with regard to the 25 January Revolution can be interpreted in multiple ways - including but not restricted to her profound disappointment and reluctance to revisit painful memories - the article argues that it can also be viewed as an expression of dissent and resistance against the official revolutionary narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over three decades ago the United Nations developed the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC; United Nations, 1989) which was aimed at ensuring children were positioned as active agents in their lives, capable of having a voice and participating in decision-making on issues that affected them. Australia ratified the UNCRC in 1990, however implementation required changes in relevant laws, policies and practices which is a complex process (Alston & Brennan, 1991). Whilst ratification provided the Australian Federal Government "an historic opportunity" (Cass, 1991, p. 28) time has proven that change remains limited by the "imbalances of power and resources which are deeply embedded in the way we live and are organised" as originally feared by Parker (1991, p. 19). This discussion paper explores barriers limiting the capacity to change and speculates on ways in which progress might still be made to enhance the ways in which Australia as a nation honours the promise made when UNCRC was ratified. This is important for teacher educators to ensure our teachers embed teaching practices that prevent childhood sexual abuse. This will be of interest to those who design teacher education courses and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic recording of vital sign observations (e-Obs) has become increasingly prevalent in hospital care. The evidence of clinical impact for these systems is mixed. Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the effect of e-Obs versus paper documentation (paper) on length of stay (time between trauma unit admission and "fit to discharge") for trauma patients. Methods: A single-center, randomized stepped-wedge study of e-Obs against paper was conducted in two 26-bed trauma wards at a medium-sized UK teaching hospital. Randomization of the phased intervention order to 12 study areas was computer generated. The primary outcome was length of stay. Results: A total of 1232 patient episodes were randomized (paper: 628, e-Obs: 604). There were 37 deaths in hospital: 21 in the paper arm and 16 in the e-Obs arm. For discharged patients, the median length of stay was 5.4 (range: 0.2-79.0) days on the paper arm and 5.6 (range: 0.1-236.7) days on the e-Obs arm. Competing risks regression analysis for time to discharge showed no difference between the treatment arms (subhazard ratio: 1.05; 95% CI 0.82-1.35; P=.68). A greater proportion of patient episodes contained an Early Warning Score (EWS) ≥3 using the e-Obs system than using paper (subhazard ratio: 1.63; 95% CI 1.28-2.09; P<.001). However, there was no difference in the time to the subsequent observation, "escalation time" (hazard ratio 1.05; 95% CI 0.80-1.38; P=.70). Conclusions: The phased introduction of an e-Obs documentation system was not associated with a change in length of stay. A greater proportion of patient episodes contained an EWS≥3 using the e-Obs system, but this was not associated with a change in "escalation time." Trial Registration: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN91040762; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91040762 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72prakGTU) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stefano Micali's book Phenomenology of Anxiety (2022) can be perceived as an attempt to articulate the essence of anxiety in a way that could revitalize this important phenomenon for the 21st century's philosophical discourse. We are used to various approaches to this topic - from ordinary psychology, through traditional psychoanalysis and sociology to philosophy, where mostly existentialist views and definitions are enriched by later phenomenological and neurobiological investigations. Micali's earlier analyses of temporality, déjà vu, fear or phantasy form the basis for developing a more comprehensive, non-reductive phenomenological definition of anxiety in the post-Husserlian sense. The chosen methodology of phenomenological polyphony enable the coexistence and interaction of different perspectives without pitting them against each other, reflecting the ambiguity of the investigated phenomenon itself. This paper aims to provide an approach, including remarks concerning its validity and usability for contemporary phenomenology and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disasters are becoming more frequent due to the impact of extreme weather events attributed to climate change, causing loss of lives, property, and psychological trauma. Mental health response to disasters emphasizes prevention and mitigation, and mobile health (mHealth) apps have been used for mental health promotion and treatment. However, little is known about their use in the mental health components of disaster management. Objective: This scoping review was conducted to explore the use of mobile phone apps for mental health responses to natural disasters and to identify gaps in the literature. Methods: We identified relevant keywords and subject headings and conducted comprehensive searches in 6 electronic databases. Studies in which participants were exposed to a man-made disaster were included if the sample also included some participants exposed to a natural hazard. Only full-text studies published in English were included. The initial titles and abstracts of the unique papers were screened by 2 independent review authors. Full texts of the selected papers that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed by the 2 independent reviewers. Data were extracted from each selected full-text paper and synthesized using a narrative approach based on the outcome measures, duration, frequency of use of the mobile phone apps, and the outcomes. This scoping review was reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Results: Of the 1398 papers retrieved, 5 were included in this review. A total of 3 studies were conducted on participants exposed to psychological stress following a disaster while 2 were for disaster relief workers. The mobile phone apps for the interventions included Training for Life Skills, Sonoma Rises, Headspace, Psychological First Aid, and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Behavioural Health Disaster Response Apps. The different studies assessed the effectiveness or efficacy of the mobile app, feasibility, acceptability, and characteristics of app use or predictors of use. Different measures were used to assess the effectiveness of the apps' use as either the primary or secondary outcome. Conclusions: A limited number of studies are exploring the use of mobile phone apps for mental health responses to disasters. The 5 studies included in this review showed promising results. Mobile apps have the potential to provide effective mental health support before, during, and after disasters. However, further research is needed to explore the potential of mobile phone apps in mental health responses to all hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article aims to explore how humans react to the concept of mortality and the disgust they feel toward the decaying bodies of polio-stricken people in Nemesis (2010) by Philip Roth. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper delves into the breakdown of Bucky Cantor’s life by the advent of polio in Newark, in Roth’s (1933-2018) Nemesis (2010), with the theoretical underpinning of Julia Kristeva’s (b. 1941) abjection and by using qualitative method of research. Findings: Abjection is portrayed in Nemesis through Bucky’s deep sense of helplessness and disgust in the time of the unremitting polio epidemic, adding to his deep fear of contamination and loss of control of the environment and even his own body. Throughout the novel, the author has emphasized the longsuffering effects of polio on the human body and mind, causing disgust, and trauma. Implications/Originality/Value: The article fills the gap by accentuating the long-term repercussions of polio and how it can leave victims both physically and emotionally crippled which has not been researched before with the framework of abjection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global burden of trauma disproportionately affects low-income countries and middle-income countries (LMIC), with variability in trauma systems between countries. Military and civilian healthcare systems have a shared interest in building trauma capacity for use during peace and war. However, in LMICs it is largely unknown if and how these entities work together. Understanding the successful integration of these systems can inform partnerships that can strengthen trauma care. This scoping review aims to identify examples of military-civilian trauma systems integration and describe the methods, domains, and indicators associated with integration including barriers and facilitators. Methods: A scoping review of all appropriate databases was performed to identify papers with evidence of military and civilian trauma systems integration. After manuscripts were selected for inclusion, relevant data was extracted and coded into methods of integration, domains of integration, and collected information regarding indicators of integration, which were further categorized into facilitators or barriers. Results: Seventy-four studies were included with authors from 18 countries describing experiences in 23 countries. There was a predominance of authorship and experiences from High-Income Countries (91.9 and 75.7%, respectively). Five key domains of integration were identified; Academic Integration was the most common (45.9%). Among indicators, the most common facilitator was administrative support and the lack of this was the most common barrier. The most common method of integration was Collaboration (50%). Conclusion: Current evidence demonstrates the existence of military and civilian trauma systems integration in several countries. Highincome country data dominates the literature, and thus a more robust understanding of trauma systems integration, inclusive of all geographic locations and income statuses, is necessary prior to development of a framework to guide integration. Nonetheless, the facilitators identified in this study describe the factors and environment in which integration is feasible and highlight optimal indicators of entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual paper introduces the Mindful Interactions (MI) tool designed to enable university teaching academics to promote student mental health and in so doing, impact positively on academic outcomes. The MI tool is comprised of three elements: understandings to provide theoretical guidance which inform pedagogy, practices to provide strategies for translating theory into practice, and guiding principles which provide a catalyst for critical reflexion, challenge existing beliefs, and create a shared vision from which to work. Relationships are at its core, acknowledging that university students report teacher-student relationships as key to their mental health. Issues related to university student mental health, of which psychological distress is an important component, have been well documented and exacerbated since the onset of COVID-19, increasing demands on universities to meet student mental health needs. It is contended in this paper that understanding the causes of psychological distress, particularly in relation to Adverse Childhood Experiences, offers an alternative lens through which to view student mental health. This lens suggests additional ways of thinking about how university teaching academics and universities might proactively respond to student mental health needs. Cultural Historical Activity Theory informed the theoretical framework for the study, whilst two 'approaches' (the 'Three Pillars of Trauma-informed Care' and 'Trust Based Relational Intervention') along with associated trauma literature underpinned the development of the MI tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health concern, with only a third of patients recovering within a year of treatment. While PTSD often disrupts the sense of body ownership and sense of agency (SA), attention to the SA in trauma has been lacking. This perspective paper explores the loss of the SA in PTSD and its relevance in the development of symptoms. Trauma is viewed as a breakdown of the SA, related to a freeze response, with peritraumatic dissociation increasing the risk of PTSD. Drawing from embodied cognition, we propose an enactive perspective of PTSD, suggesting therapies that restore the SA through direct engagement with the body and environment. We discuss the potential of agency-based therapies and innovative technologies such as gesture sonification, which translates body movements into sounds to enhance the SA. Gesture sonification offers a screen-free, noninvasive approach that could complement existing trauma-focused therapies. We emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and clinical research to further explore these approaches in preventing and treating PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters can result in poor psychosocial outcomes for adolescents. One pathway to mitigate these risks and foster resilience is via schools, where teachers can offer students support. However, existing research lacks consideration of the role schools and teachers play from the perspective of students, particularly those from marginalized populations. Therefore, this study examines adolescents' representations of the role of schools and teachers after a major disaster in Indonesia using a free association interview technique. Thematic analysis of adolescents' interviews (N = 46) yielded two salient themes: 'the school as a place of recovery' and 'the school as a place of risk'. While the school and teachers were conceptualized positively in that they promoted students' recovery, students also identified aspects of the post-disaster school environment that produced uncertainty, loss and discomfort thereby heightening their sense of risk. The paper concludes with recommendations for resilience-building, such as ensuring teachers receive relevant training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The representation of trauma in the literary hemisphere constitutes the individual and social desires which are to be hard to express. It represents the unconscious output of the emotion which are suppressed due to social structure. The scholars, therefore, try to decode their inner sense through the use of language. Such representation can be seen in Melville and Dostoevsky's simultaneous articulation in Moby Dick and Notes from Underground respectively. We have seen that both have represented the past through their construction of the linguistic approaches in their works. The reason of such representation was their hidden instincts which they could not initiate in society. Melville and Dostoevsky have undergone the trauma caused by emerging unrest due to growing civilization of their countries respectively. This paper aims to find out how these authors have recalled the past through the representation of the trauma in their literary works. While seeking the objective of the paper, the linguistic approaches of various critics and theorists would be negotiated to develop the hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning, fuel resources have been imperative to sustain life on earth. The benchmark of civilisation is noted by the evolution in the usage of fuel resources over a period of time. Transformation from wood, tallow, coal, whale oil to fossil fuels saw the advent of modern industrialised society. The oil resources have played a significant role in designing the economic and historical construct of contemporary times. Petrofiction is the representation of the petroculture in literature. The greed for power and capital has modified oil from being an energy resource to a weapon for social, political and economic domination. The discovery of oil in Iran transformed the prospects of the country, and it became the battlefield of hegemony and politics. This paper aims to critically view Marjane Satrapi's autobiographical graphic novel Persepolis, as a petrofiction by analysing the historical setting and how oil propels the main action of the story. The consequences of the oil war, and how both the internal and external cues like trauma and war affect the behavioural pattern of the children, are studied using this graphic novel. Thus, the paper signifies the magnitude of the oil narratives, and their importance in the current anthropocene epoch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonunion is a complication of long bone fractures that leads to disability, morbidity and high costs. Early detection is difficult and treatment through external stimulation and revision surgery is often a lengthy process. Therefore, alternative diagnostic and therapeutic options are currently being explored, including the use of external and internal sensors. Apart from monitoring fracture stiffness and displacement directly at the fracture site, it would be desirable if an implant could also vary its stiffness and apply an intervention to promote healing, if needed. This could be achieved either by a predetermined protocol, by remote control, or even by processing data and triggering the intervention itself (self-regulated 'intelligent' or 'smart' implant). So-called active or smart materials like shape memory alloys (SMA) have opened up opportunities to build active implants. For example, implants could stimulate fracture healing by active shortening and lengthening via SMA actuator wires; by emitting pulses, waves, or electromagnetic fields. However, it remains undefined which modes of application, forces, frequencies, force directions, time durations and periods, or other stimuli such implants should ideally deliver for the best result. The present paper reviews the literature on active implants and interventions for nonunion, discusses possible mechanisms of active implants and points out where further research and development are needed to build an active implant that applies the most ideal intervention. Early detection of delays during fracture healing and timely intervention are difficult due to limitations of the current diagnostic strategies. New diagnostic options are under evaluation, including the use of external and internal sensors. In addition, it would be desirable if an implant could actively facilitate healing ('Intelligent' or 'smart' implant). Implants could stimulate fracture healing via active shortening and lengthening; by emitting pulses, waves, or electromagnetic fields. No such implants exist to date, but new composite materials and alloys have opened up opportunities to build such active implants, and several groups across the globe are currently working on their development. The present paper is the first review on this topic to date. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ljetopis Socijalnog Rada / Annual of Social Work is the property of Pravni Fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Studijski Centar Socijalnog Rada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper aims at examining the interplay of silence and intergenerational trauma and its effects in Elif Shafak's latest novel, The Island of Missing Trees (2021). It yearns to demonstrate the fact that personal tragedy developing into collective tragedy is not limited to one generation, rather passes to the next manifesting into many subtle and obvious ramifications. Therefore, Intergenerational trauma and silence as a strategy forms the theoretical underpinnings of the study. The Greek-Turk enmity and the consequent division of the Island in1947, forces the young couple, the Greek Kostas and Turk Dafne, to flee to London. The horrors of division coupled with personal and collective suffering is indescribable as both Dafne and Kostas seek solace, comfort and escape in silence. However, as the study will demonstrate, this silence along with integrational trauma seeps into their daughter, haunting her present. The study significantly points to silence as multifaceted strategy of survival which seems to cause more harm than escape in the long run. It is only through breaking her silence that Ada, the couple's daughter, comes to terms with herself and accepts her identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures resemble epileptic seizures but lack the physiological basis of epileptic seizures. We conducted a systematic review to explore whether childhood abuse is a risk factor for subsequent development of PNES. We reviewed only papers with an epilepsy control group, which employed strict criteria for diagnosis of epilepsy and well-validated tools for assessing abuse history. Odds ratios (ORs) for the different categories of childhood abuse and for childhood abuse as a whole were calculated where not previously available, and pooled ORs were calculated where suitable. In papers where OR could not be calculated data are presented as p values. Most Odds Ratios fell between 1.8 and 5.2 with relatively narrow confidence intervals. In 14 out of 18 calculations, 95% confidence intervals did not cross 1. This suggests that the chance of reporting abuse is higher in people with PNES than those with epilepsy and may be a causative factor in developing PNES. Several limitations of the data and directions for future study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why remember atrocity? This paper considers how trauma shapes the political memory of atrocity. What we choose to remember about atrocity is largely determined by the visibility of events, but also impacted by social norms, normalized violence, and perceptions of atrocity. Certain events, although common or not necessarily unusual, are suppressed from memory (both in collective and individual narratives) due to fear, shame, guilt, or disgust. In genocide, we rarely hear about acts that induce emotions such as the ones mentioned, including acts of rape, prostitution, and parricide. Most often, such acts are omitted from the narrative because they are not normal crimes in the societies where they occur, and are seen as particularly horrific. The consequence of this omission is a skewed image or conception of genocide and what it does to the people who are part of it, either as victims or perpetrators. This paper determines that, however uncomfortable, unusual, or painful it is to remember such acts, the memory of such acts is necessary to understand the mechanics of atrocity and victimization. It uses a case study of the Holocaust, focusing on sexual violence, to illustrate the concepts of memory omission, skewed historical perception, and the necessity of understanding atrocity through accurate memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper names the elements of the Medusa myth that make it an uncanny allegory for trauma and examines the role of choice--both having choice and offering choice--in the treatment of trauma. It considers two perspectives on the myth: (1) Medusa as a captive object to the hero in the myth and (2) Medusa as an autobiographer, the narrator of her own story, and a subject working to establish more control over her own experience. This myth translates to the social work space. When a clinical social worker acts as the listener/observer and a patient as narrator/autobiographer, the social worker is uniquely positioned to support the patient in reclaiming life after trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Tension pneumopericardium is a life-threatening condition, manifesting most commonly as hemodynamic instability caused by cardiac tamponade. Reduced cardiac output and blood pressure can lead to difficulties in the detection of arterial bleeding from associated injuries while the increased venous pressure can increase the rate of bleeding. Case report. This is the case of a patient after a car accident, with bilateral serial fractures, bilateral pulmonary contusion, bilateral pneumothorax, emphysema of the neck and chest, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium, and other injuries. During treatment, the patient developed a gradually progressing hemodynamic instability, resulting in pulseless electrical activity. Further progression of the case is detailed in the paper. Conclusions. Tension pneumopericardium is a rare complication of a high-energy blunt thoracic trauma that manifests through hemodynamic instability. Its treatment requires early diagnosis and immediate decompression of the pericardial cavity, which should, where possible, be performed even before putting the patient on mechanical ventilation as ventilation bears a high risk of worsening the pneumopericardium due to the increased air pressure in the lungs. During diagnosis and treatment of associated injuries, we must bear in mind that the hemodynamic changes caused by pneumopericardium can mask typical signs of such injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nawal El Saadawi is a prolific writer who has received both praise and criticism for her focus on women's victimization and exploitation in patriarchal Muslim cultures. Her works are living testaments to her crusade against repression, inequality, and injustice meted out by the patriarchy. Amidst her efforts to bring about change in the status of women in Egypt she faced a lot of criticism, particularly during Anwar Sadat's rule when she established The Arab Women's Solidarity Association which was later banned in 1991. Feminism is a controversial and challenging subject to address in the Islamic world partly owing to it being a concept of the Western world imposed upon the Middle East and North Africa by imperialism. El Saadawi faced strong backlash from Egyptian society for the publication of her feminist work Women and Sex (1972) due to rising religious fundamentalism within the state. The paper attempts to study the various efforts for women's empowerment in Egypt set forth by the Egyptian writer and feminist Nawal El Saadawi through analyzing her work of creative non-fiction Woman at Point Zero (1973) particularly when it comes to trauma narration and scriptotherapy2. The protagonist, Firdaus, attains catharsis by reiterating the horrific incidents in her life to Saadawi before walking to the gallows for her execution. This paper argues that writing about Firdaus was a form of scriptotherapy for El Saadawi who fought openly and courageously against patriarchy. I advance the argument that the retelling of the tale of Firdaus offers the possibility of healing both to the author and her audience in the face of patriarchy and the forms of injustices perpetrated by the Egyptian Islamic community. I place special emphasis on scriptotherapy arguing that after the onslaught of criticism El Saadawi received in the aftermath of the publication of Woman at Point Zero she increased her productivity, indicating the importance of writing as a weapon against the injustices meted out to voiceless women and men of Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Remote patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) data capture can provide useful insights into research and clinical practice and deeper insights can be gained by administering assessments more frequently, for example, in ecological momentary assessment. However, frequent data collection can be limited by the burden of multiple, lengthy questionnaires. This burden can be reduced with computerized adaptive testing (CAT) algorithms that select only the most relevant items from a PROM for an individual respondent. In this paper, we propose "ecological momentary computerized adaptive testing" (EMCAT): the use of CAT algorithms to reduce PROM response burden and facilitate high-frequency data capture via a smartphone app. We develop and pilot a smartphone app for performing EMCAT using a popular hand surgery PROM. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of EMCAT as a system for remote PROM administration. Methods: We built the EMCAT web app using Concerto, an open-source CAT platform maintained by the Psychometrics Centre, University of Cambridge, and hosted it on an Amazon Web Service cloud server. The platform is compatible with any questionnaire that has been parameterized with item response theory or Rasch measurement theory. For this study, the PROM we chose was the patient evaluation measure, which is commonly used in hand surgery. CAT algorithms were built using item response theory models derived from UK Hand Registry data. In the pilot study, we enrolled 40 patients with hand trauma or thumb-base arthritis, across 2 sites, between July 13, 2022, and September 14, 2022. We monitored their symptoms with the patient evaluation measure, via EMCAT, over a 12-week period. Patients were assessed thrice weekly, once daily, or thrice daily. We additionally administered full-length PROM assessments at 0, 6, and 12 weeks, and the User Engagement Scale at 12 weeks. Results: The use of EMCAT significantly reduced the length of the PROM (median 2 vs 11 items) and the time taken to complete it (median 8.8 seconds vs 1 minute 14 seconds). Very similar scores were obtained when EMCAT was administered concurrently with the full-length PROM, with a mean error of <0.01 on a logit (z score) scale. The median response rate in the daily assessment group was 93%. The median perceived usability score of the User Engagement Scale was 4.0 (maximum possible score 5.0). Conclusions: EMCAT reduces the burden of PROM assessments, enabling acceptable high-frequency, remote PROM data capture. This has potential applications in both research and clinical practice. In research, EMCAT could be used to study temporal variations in symptom severity, for example, recovery trajectories after surgery. In clinical practice, EMCAT could be used to monitor patients remotely, prompting early intervention if a patient's symptom trajectory causes clinical concern. Trial Registration: ISRCTN 19841416; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN19841416 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The stories found within these pages disclose graphic and intimate details regarding numerous accounts of physical, sexual, and drug-based assaults. These stories are raw, they are bloody, and they are mine. There are parts of me that I wish I could continue to remain silent about. However, I hold on to hope that these pages may offer some form of healing for myself and for (potentially) you. Given the nature of these pages, reader, I implore you to approach the essay carefully and cautiously. In this paper, I performatively engage with an internal family system of various personae that have manifested as a result of different anger responses to trauma. Through a system (dis)embodiment and narrative personification, I come to an intimate knowledge of varying orientations of anger and the role they play in my continued survival. Each member of the aggressional family, Rage, Resilience, Revenge, and Recovery, offers a unique insight into how anger can be understood as a central force of protection, growth, and healing. These pages may prove just as challenging to read, as they were to write. Let your anger guide you. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose; The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated profound adaptations in the delivery of healthcare to manage a rise in critically unwell patients. In an attempt to slow the spread of the virus nationwide lockdown restrictions were introduced. This review aims to scope the literature on the impact of the pandemic and subsequent lockdown on the presentation and management of trauma globally. Methods; A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search was carried out on the Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases to identify papers investigating presentation and management of trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. All studies based on patients admitted with orthopaedic trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Exclusion criteria were opinion-based reports, reviews, studies that did not provide quantitative data and papers not in English. Results; 665 studies were screened, with 57 meeting the eligibility criteria. Studies reported on the footfall of trauma in the UK, Europe, Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand. A total of 29,591 patients during the pandemic were considered. Mean age was 43.7 years (range <1–103); 54.8% were male. Reported reductions in trauma footfall ranged from 20.3% to 84.6%, with a higher proportion of trauma occurring secondary to interpersonal violence, deliberate self-harm and falls from a height. A decrease was seen in road traffic collisions, sports injuries and trauma occurring outdoors. There was no significant change in the proportion of patients managed operatively, and the number of trauma patients reported to be COVID-19 positive was low. Conclusion; Whilst the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has caused a reduction in the number of trauma patients; the services managing trauma have continued to function despite infrastructural, personnel and pathway changes in health systems. The substantial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on elective orthopaedics is well described, however the contents of this review evidence minimal change in the delivery of effective trauma care despite resource constraints during this global COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the growth of Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma (JCOT), the official journal of the Delhi Orthopaedic Association indexed in PubMed, Scopus and Embase, along with an analysis of citation trends and levels of evidence of published articles in the last five years. SCOPUS and PubMed databases (2015–19) were used to extract publication-related data for the last five years. The official website of the journal was also used to retrieve issue-specific data. An audit of recent publications in the JCOT was conducted focusing on number of issues and publications(year wise), types of articles published, review speed, level of evidence of publications, types of publication(speciality wise), number of publications in PubMed and SCOPUS, number of citations(year wise), national and international authorship and the Cite Scores. The submissions were increased by 2.8 times and the citations rocketed to 16.6 times in 2019, compared to 2015. A total of 890 papers were there and the journal was cited 1702 time s in the last five years. More articles with higher levels of evidence papers are now being published. There has been a significant increase in the numbers of submissions, publications, citations, Cite Score, h-index and contribution by the International authors. Its Editorial efficiency has also been outstanding with timely reviews and editorial decisions. The JCOT has become increasingly internationally relevant in the last five years, in the orthopaedic community. However, JCOT needs to publish more papers with a higher level of evidence like Systematic reviews, Meta-analyses, Randomized Controlled Trials and should only publish top-class lower hierarchy papers (like Case reports, Case-controlled and Retrospective studies). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Given its aim to examine the impact of adversity and protective factors on children's outcomes, the recruitment and retention of families who have a wide diversity in experiences are essential. However, the unfortunate history of inequitable treatment of underrepresented families in research and the risks with which some participants will contend (e.g., substance use) makes their recruitment and retention in social science and neuroscience research particularly challenging. This article explores strategies that the HBCD Study has developed to recruit and retain participants, including marginalized, underserved, and hard-to-reach populations, capitalizing on the extant literature and the researchers' own experiences. In this paper, we address strategies to recruit and retain families within HBCD, including: 1) creating experiences that engender trust and promote relationships; 2) maintaining connections with participants over time; 3) ensuring appropriate compensation and supports; 4) considerations for study materials and procedures; and 5) community engagement. The implementation of these strategies may increase representation and inclusiveness, as well as improve the quality of the resulting data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to study the memory of past events based on the use of oral history as a source and a method of research. The use of oral testimonies enables tracing the changes that have taken place in the worldview of a person who has suffered a trauma. The given research is based on biographical interviews with witnesses of the Holocaust, Chornobyl, and Fukushima disasters. What exactly do the witnesses of these events remember? What do they focus on in their interviews? What experiences remain the most painful? Does the type of injury, and the nature of the injury affect a person's future life? These and other questions can be answered not by official papers, orders, resolutions, reports, and appeals, but by the stories of direct witnesses and participants in the events that were at the epicenter of the catastrophe. Oral history, as a scientific discipline that focuses on one's own method of interview research, is designed to capture and reproduce the past based on the subjective knowledge of the person testifying. Biographical interviews do not claim to be the whole truth or a comprehensive reconstruction of events, they give these events a new sound, giving voice to more actors, detailing the past with the testimony of an individual, showing his own way of understanding the experience. The authors used general methods of historical research such as typological, structural, and functional, as well as analysis and synthesis. These methods allowed the authors to analyze the collected interviews, and published narratives and reveal the features of each story. The authors concluded that people who lived through extreme situations that traumatized them have experienced a dramatic change in their worldview, dividing their life into «before» and «after». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on analyzing the development of the psychological status of the self under harsh, paralyzing, and hurtful incidents in one's familial relationship and life. Abdulrazak Gurnah's novel, Gravel Heart (2017), will be the main fictional work of this study. It will depict the life of Salim, the main protagonist, who has gone through many hardships that has primarily affected his psychological and mental development as a child, teenager, and an adult. This is due to many uncertainties that occurred between his parents while he was growing up either at home in Zanzibar, or abroad during his studies in England. The psychological status of Salim will be analyzed depending on Sigmund Freud's lectures on Psychoanalysis. It will be utilized to discuss the mental processes that Salim went through when he was exposed to painful situations in his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stories impel us to grapple with the humanity of another. Using story to recount experience, however, raises both challenges and questions. This paper explores the complexities that arise when narrative researchers attempt to render stories of trauma. I draw upon what Deborah Britzman (1998) calls "difficult knowledge" to explore what encounters with stories of trauma may produce, and I consider both the potential of narrative research and the pedagogical potential of both stories and music to facilitate wrestling with difficult knowledge. I grapple with two related questions: 1) What considerations should be taken into account to engage ethically in narrative research, particularly narratives that emanate from trauma or that include stories of trauma? and 2) What considerations should be taken into account when sharing stories of trauma as an educator? I then consider both the impossibility of representation within narrative in light of difficult knowledge, and further examine how Delbo's (1995/2014) "useless knowledge" unsettles straightforward understandings of difficult knowledge in pedagogy and in research. Finally, I explore implications for researchers and educators, followed by an examination of a politics of refusal in telling, representing, or engaging with story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background With rapid emergence of 3D printing technology, surgeons have recently started to apply this for nearly all areas of orthopaedic trauma surgery. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance images of trauma patients can be utilized for making graspable objects from 3D reconstructed images. Patient specific anatomical models can thereby be created. They enhance surgeon's knowledge of their patients' precise patho-anatomy, regarding both traumatized bones and soft tissue as well as normal areas, and therefore help in accurate preoperative planning. 3D printed patient specific instrumentation can help to achieve precise implant placement, and better surgical results. Most importantly, customized implants, casts, orthoses and prosthetics can be manufactured to match an individual's anatomy. Three dimensional (3D) printing, also called as ‘additive manufacturing’ and ‘rapid prototyping’ is considered as the “second industrial revolution”, and this appears to be especially true for orthopaedic trauma surgery. Methods A literature search was performed for extracting all papers related to 3D Printing applications in orthopaedics and allied sciences on the Pubmed, and SCOPUS; using suitable key terms and Boolean operators (“3D Printing” OR “3 dimensional printing” OR “3D printed” OR “additive manufacturing” OR “rapid prototyping”) AND (‘‘Orthopaedics” OR “Orthopaedics’’) AND (“Trauma” OR “Injury”)in June 2018. Search was also performed in Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. No limits were set on the time period or evidence level, as 3D printing in orthopaedics is relatively recent and mainly low level evidence is available. Titles and abstracts were screened and all duplicate and unrelated papers were excluded. Papers related to orthopaedic trauma were manually selected for this review. Results The search on Pubmed retrieved 144 Papers and similar search on SCOPUS retrieved 94 papers. Additional searches did not reveal more relevant papers. After excluding duplicates and unrelated papers, and on screening of titles and abstracts, 59 papers were considered for review. Papers related to spine fractures only were not included, as they have been covered in another paper in this journal issue. Conclusion All over the world, orthopaedic Surgeon's and allied professionals and scientists are enthusiastically using 3D printing technology for designing patient specific models, instrumentation, implants, orthosis and prosthesis, besides 3D bioprinting of bone and cartilage scaffolding, and the same has been applied for nearly all areas of orthopaedic trauma surgery, from head to foot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jasbir Puar has demonstrated that the targeted debilitation of entire racialized populations embodies a contemporary illustration of colonialism's machine. For Puar, colonizing states exist as biopolitical assemblages of control, the technologies of which instrumentalize a spectrum of debilities and capacities in the service of neoliberal colonialism, which requires maiming populations who are preconditioned for injury to secure sovereign power. This paper stages a conversation with Jasbir Puar to ask what additional insights might be gained about the relationship between colonialism and debility if critical disability scholarship went beyond a Foucauldian biopolitical analysis of the management of life, death, and debility when theorizing colonial violence. This paper thus reads across postcolonial and anti-colonial thought as well as Indigenous theories of trauma to encourage critical disability studies to expand the horizon of its reading practices when engaging these questions. These approaches, I maintain, provide critical insights into sovereign power that biopolitics cannot, including critical attention to non-secular configurations of settler colonial debility that biopolitical theory misses. I aim to show that a locus of Canada's colonial sovereignty resides in targeted attacks, or "dis-membering," forms of Indigenous non-secular transcendent self-consciousness—that is, the sanctioned maiming of Indigenous heterogeneous agencies in the service of neocolonial economic designs. In this sense, theories of metaphysics and violence must also be accounted for when attending to debility, colonialism, and sovereign power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elder abuse is a worldwide problem, aggravated by the global increase in the older population. This paper reports on a qualitative descriptive study done within the broad framework of intervention research. It explores the experiences of abused older persons in resource-poor settings in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Data were collected during individual semi-structured interviews and intervention sessions. The honest accounts of participants revealed the raw pain and distress of their experiences of abuse. In the light of the serious multidimensional reactions to elder abuse described in this article, consistent and coordinated social work services offered to older person who are abused is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exile is a central motif of 20th century European culture, and literature was often tied to historical events throughout this century, especially during World War II. In Latvian literature, this motif was partially the result of the emigration of a great part of the population in 1944; many were fleeing direct warfare and the return of the Soviet army, escaping from Latvia. This paper examines the peculiarities of women's experiences in exile in the prose fiction of Latvian émigré writer Irma Grebzde (1912-2000). Grebzde was among those 250,000 Latvians who fled as fugitives in 1944 for Sweden and Germany and then proceeded further to the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries. Grebzde fled to Germany where she stayed at Wurzburg refugee camp and in 1948 moved to Canada. She worked in New Brunswick, Ottawa, Montreal in 1973 and then settled in Toronto. Grebzde has produced about 30 short prose fiction collections and novels. An important subject in Latvian émigré literature is the lives of Latvian émigrés in lands of settlement. Their fiction is generally autobiographically marked, capturing the authors' own experience in a fictional form. This goes for Grebzde's short prose fiction texts and novels. In her works Canada is depicted as a land of welfare, a place unaffected by World War II. European refugees are safe there, though they face low social status and a condescending attitude from Canadians. Both in Latvian émigré literature generally and Grebzde's works, exile consciousness is often presented in an urban setting. Canadian cities are positioned as a comfortable environment for consumer society, with posh resident areas, shops, advertisements, cafes, whereof just a small share may be enjoyed by European refugees due to their poorer financial means. The sphere of nature functions as the space where exiles can develop dialogical relations with the foreign land and search for similarities with the Latvian rural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore how Yaşar Kemal uses memory in his novels. As a writer who tends to transform his own memory into the memory of his characters through literary creation, Yaşar Kemal employs trauma and fear of death as an underlying theme that connects his memory and imagination to those of his characters no matter what the cause of the trauma is. As a child at the age of five, Yaşar Kemal experienced the greatest trauma of his life: he witnessed the murder of his father by his adopted brother at the village mosque during evening prayers. Like Yaşar Kemal himself, most of his protagonists are deeply traumatized and suffering individuals who are incessantly haunted by the painful scenes of their traumatic experiences and who try to have a sort of self-psychotherapy through deep inner journeys. The paper examines several of Yaşar Kemal's important novels through this perspective and demonstrates how he has constructed his characters' memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies scholarship in the environmental humanities specifically related to oceanic imaginary in order to examine tourist narratives portrayed in two science fiction stories from the anthology, Drowned Worlds: Tales from the Anthropocene and Beyond. The two stories in question are Ken Liu's "Dispatches from the Cradle: The Hermit--Forty-Eight Hours in the Sea of Massachusetts" and Nalo Hopkinson's "Inselberg". Both stories explore the intersecting difficulties brought about by tourist demand and rising sea tides. The meeting point of these two phenomena in the context of "Dispatches" and "Inselberg" depicts traumatised individuals, communities, and landscapes. These stories are unique in their portrayal of the particular vulnerabilities of islands. They explore both individual and collective trauma set against the backdrop of climate catastrophe, which acts as an allegory for the real-world uncertainty faced by humans due to climate change. While the futurity in each story overlaps in a shared narrative of traumatic existence for the individuals and communities they depict, there is one key difference: "Dispatches" emphasises large-scale, exterior systems of power, while "Inselberg" looks inward to one island's struggle for autonomy. Together both stories criticise systems of social and environmental exploitation, which binds the narratives, settings, and characters in cycles of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Traumatic kidney injury is an infrequent event with a wide range of injury patterns. The aim of this paper is to review the incidence, mechanisms of injury, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic indications of renal injury according to the most recent evidence and to perform an analysis of mortality rates on these patients.Objectives: To perform a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis on traumatic kidney injuries.Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Articles published in English, French and Spanish were selected from 1963 to 2018. MeSH terms utilized were renal trauma, kidney trauma, blunt renal trauma, and penetrating renal trauma.Study Participants: The eligibility criteria included only original and human subject articles. Articles not involving human patients, cancer related, review articles, surveys, iatrogenic injuries, pediatric patients, and case reports were excluded from this search.Results: Forty-six articles met the inclusion criteria of which 48,660 patients were identified and included in this review. Gender was reported in 32,918 cases, of which 75.3% of patients were male with a mean age of 33 years. Of the 44,865 patients where the mechanism of injury was described, we identified 36,086 (80.5%) patients that sustained blunt trauma, while 8,779 (19.5%) were due to penetrating mechanisms. Twenty one series with a total of 31,689 patients included the mortality rate. Overall mortality rate with exact binomial 95% confidence interval estimated via random effects model was 6.4% (4.8%-8.4%).Conclusions: Non-operative management has become the standard in renal trauma management with good results in morbidity and mortality. This has resulted in a decrease in the number of unnecessary iatrogenic nephrectomies and potential improvement in a patient's quality of life. When an invasive treatment is necessary, angioembolization for active bleeding or nephrorrhaphy is usually sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Emergency Medicine is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Psychoanalysis and Christianity hold forth the promise of genuinely radical change, transforming a person so substantially such that 'nothing remains the same'; even if the objective conditions of one's existence stay fixed, the very lens with which the 'born again' subject (and faith-community) views the world would have undergone so traumatic an upheaval that values, priorities and everything previously deemed essential (or not) would have been reimagined. It is, quite truly, a new beginning. This paper aims to insinuate a close proximity between Žižekian concepts of the traumatically emergent and new vis-à-vis Biblical ideas of salvation, vocation and agape love. I also wish to demonstrate how even the Christian sacraments of baptism and the eucharist point to death and dying as their constitutive elements, with the result that sacrifice for the world becomes the main political role the Church must play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jeanette Winterson's Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (2011) is the autobiography of the writer whose life is marked by traumas connected with her abandonment at birth, her subsequent adoption, and a further rejection by her adoptive family when they discover that she is having a lesbian relationship. In the memoir, the paper will argue that the author tackles the hermeneutics of self-representation. She wishes to make sense of the personal past and to trace its trajectory as a means to discover the origin of the self and re-write it along different existential and psychological lines. During her memory journey back into her past, Winterson relentlessly returns, and revisits, the traumatic events of her early life, still stored in her buried memories, allowing them to surface to her conscious mind. She gradually deconstructs her old self through a slow and painful interpretive process that, in the end, leads to psychic healing and artistic creation. Winterson's autobiography will be read in the light of memory and trauma studies; psychoanalysis, as well as Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract injuries occur in up to 10% of patients with abdominal trauma, and the kidney is the most commonly injured structure of the urinary system. The kidney is the third most common abdominal organ to be injured by trauma, following the spleen and liver, in that order. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma kidney injury scale is the most commonly used classification system for blunt renal injuries, which grades renal injury based on the size of laceration and its proximity to the renal hilum on CT. CT aids in delineating the most important features of urological injury that affect the diagnosis and management, including interventions. The major renal injuries are usually surgical emergencies. The current trend toward a more conservative management of renal trauma and advances in interventional radiology in the field of trauma may increase the use of interventional procedures for patients with renal injury. Urethral injuries can be anterior or posterior depending on the injury site, and interventional urethral realignment plays an important role in the treatment of urethral injury and surgical repair or endoscopic urethral realignment. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a literature review and discuss the efficacy and clinical significance of intervention for urologic trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Across the world, the population is aging. Adults 65 years and older make up one of the fastest growing segments of the US population. Trauma is a disease process that affects all age groups. The mortality and morbidity that result from an injury can be influenced by many factors including age, physical condition, and comorbidities. The management of the elderly trauma patient can present some unique challenges. This paper addresses the differences that occur in the management of elderly patient who has been injured. This paper also includes a discussion of how to prevent injury in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sudden and rude shock of the India -- Pakistan Partition unnerved men, destroyed their human attributes, transformed them into wild beasts. Women became a special target of communal fury. They were indeed the worst sufferers in the crisis ridden days. The stories dealing with the partition reveal the psychological trauma, the mental torture that the people have undergone. In Indian fiction in English children rarely exist as a significant and progressive theme. But the complex milieu of our country during the partition crisis pressed many writers to place child at Centre. Conceivably they put in use the child as narrative medium in their writings to give the fare and genuine image of pitiless violence of post partition crisis. Many Female writers emerged to express the agony experienced by the inmates of the Sub-Continent. Surprisingly both Attia Hosain's novel Sunlight on a Broken Column and Bapsi Sidwa's novel Ice-Candy-Man depict girl characters who are the victims of the socio-political turmoil but instinctively rebel against the prevailing fundamentalism of the times. The present research paper analyses the ill effects of partition through the lens of child narrators in the novels of Attia and Sidwa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erich Maria Remarque (1898-1970) is one of the most widely known German authors in the twentieth century. Remarque has bitter experiences in the trenches on the Western Front. The novel "Im Westen nichts Neues" translated in English as All Quiet on the Western Front is concerned with the German soldier's suffering during the First World War both in physical and psychological level. The present paper intends to showcase the seamy side of war, voices the agony and trauma of the soldiers and lays bare the gap between promise and fulfilment. Having joined the army Paul and his comrades very soon realize that the air of patriotism that has urged them to enlist their names as soldiers in the battlefield was false. They are immediately confronted with the harsh realities of war. While recalling his schooldays, Paul remembers how his teacher Kantorek has urged them to enlist their names in the Front. The bloody war-mongers have had their families -- children, wives and career. But Paul and his cohort have not yet tasted the nectar of familiar familial ties. In the novel Paul is desperately trying to save himself from the deadly artillery onslaught. Paul, the child, is thus seeking protection from the mother earth. Remarque poignantly sketches the hardship involved in the fighting. Thus, in All Quiet on the Western Front Remarque gives an in-depth analysis of the grim reality of trench warfare, the unmitigated horror that the war actually unfurls. The novel buttresses the fact that the sufferings of the soldiers are indeed intolerable. The soldiers are representatives of 'a lost generation' -- a term coined by Gertrude Stein. In the novel Paul acts as Remarque's mouthpiece. Paul represents the fragmented selves of the soldiers. The novel portrays the conflict between the horror of war and the intensity of soldiers' friendship. The mutual bond among the soldiers in trench warfare is the only romanticised aspect in Remarque's otherwise unromantic novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I assess Žižek's article "No Sex, Please, We're Post-human!" as a provocative injunction to signal the posthuman ecstasy and deterrence. I seek to expose, rather than express, Žižek's posthumanist perspective as a paradoxical intertwining of different aspects of perspectivizing a post-human being from the view of the end of sexuality - the background that informs a posthuman future. Žižek's eluding the subject's confrontation with the question of sexual difference to the apex of the genome project touches the delicate coalescing of the notions of 'objectivity and subjectivity' and 'virtuality and reality' in the fate of the body. Ultimately, he renders this inception of this tarrying as a traumatic encounter that informs us of the existential birthright of a true posthuman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objective Fixed flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint can commonly occur following a traumatic injury impacting on hand function and occupational performance. Numerous interventions have been proposed for fixed flexion deformity resolution. This paper investigates the efficacy of static or dynamic orthoses in reducing fixed flexion deformity contracture following traumatic proximal interphalangeal joint injury. Methods A multi-database search of three databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE) was conducted. Data extracted for each study were design, patient descriptions, degree of fixed flexion deformity pre- and post-orthoses, and prescribed interventions and exercise programmes. Results The search yielded 643 studies, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. Studies used heterogeneous methodologies investigating various orthotic interventions. Meta-analysis or pooling of results was not possible. Dissimilar orthotic wear regimes were noted in all studies and an alternative clinical significance outcome was found. Conclusion More research is required to support clinical reasoning in orthotic choice for fixed flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint post-traumatic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Bulletin of Medical History is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)