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The insulation failure is common in high voltage transmission. Based on experimental structure, this paper adopts the finite element method to establish the mathematical model of the short-circuit insulator discharge. Simplify the insulator discharge into a short circuit process between the upper and lower plates, and explore the process of generation, adsorption and neutralization of electrons, positive ions and negative ions, studied how the space charge variation affects the electric field intensity, and analyzed the distribution of each type of ionization products from the wires during the discharge. The results show that: when the insulator is short-circuited and discharged, the area with larger electric field strength is mainly concentrated near the upper plate; the electric field intensity in the discharge space tended to stabilize at the completion of the discharge; when the short-circuit wires were fused, the electron concentration remained stable for a short while at certain positions of the discharge space; as the discharge continued, the electron concentration at these positions declined rapidly; the electrons moved to the plates, causing fluctuations in electric field intensity; the variation of electron concentration during the discharge obeyed the Gaussian distribution. The research results provide the experimental evidence and theoretical reference for avoiding transient discharge in equipment operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the recovery of uranium (VI) from 5.3 M phosphoric acid by bis(1,3-dibutoxypropan-2-yl) phosphoric acid (BiDiBOPP)/di- n -hexyl octyl metoxy phosphine oxide (di-n-HMOPO) and 5 analogs of BiDiBOPP mixed with tri- n -octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) diluted in Isane IP 185. First, this paper shows that the experimental and calculated distribution coefficients of uranium (VI) as a function of the concentration of BiDiBOPP and di- n -HMOPO match by using a thermodynamic model previously developed and validated on the bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA)-TOPO system. In this model the formation of complexes between the cationic extractant (HL) and the solvatant extractant (S) such as (HL) 2 , (HL) 2 S, (HL) 2 S 2 and (HL) 5 S and the recovery of uranium (VI) as UO 2 (HL) 2 L 2 S, UO 2 L 2 S and UO 2 (HL) 2 L 2 were taken into account where L refers to the deprotonated form of the cationic extractant HL. Secondly, the investigation of the extraction of uranium (VI) by the BiDiBOPP analogs mixed with TOPO in Isane IP 185 showed that the presence of oxygen atoms in the two aliphatic chains of BiDiBOPP and the increase of the hydrophobicity of these chains influence strongly the extraction properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper discusses the electrodeposition of nano-Aluminum using aromatic cation based ionic liquids. Three imidazolium chloride salts were employed, in ultrapure quality: l-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride [EMIm]Cl, l-benzyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride [BzMIm]Cl and l,3-dibenzyl-imidazolium chloride [DBzIm]Cl, respectively. Anhydrous Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) salt was used as a source of Aluminum ions in the ionic liquids. This research aims to achieve this goal by investigating the Aluminum coatings on gold substrate and study the effect of changing the organic cation on the properties of the resulting Al-coatings. SEM-EDAX analyses were used to determine the film composition. It was found that the particle size of the Al-deposites was dramatically reduced from the micrometer regime down to the nanometer regime with a change in the substituents of the imidazolium cations from EMIm to DBzIm, respectively. This means that the more the aromatic rings in the cation, the finer the particle size. Thickness and adhesion of the Al-deposits were decreased in the presence of the aromatic rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In situ mineral carbonation is facilitated by aqueous-phase chemical reactions with dissolved CO2. Evidence from the laboratory and the field shows that the limiting factors for in situ mineral carbonation are the dissolution rate of CO2 into the aqueous phase and the release rate of divalent cations from basic silicate minerals. Up to now, pilot CO2 storage projects and commercial operations have focused on the injection and storage of anthropogenic CO2 as a supercritical phase in depleted oil and gas reservoirs or deep saline aquifers with limited potential for CO2 mineralization. The CarbFix Pilot Project will test the feasibility of in situ mineral carbonation in basaltic rocks as a way to permanently and safely store CO2. The test includes the capture of CO2 flue gas from the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant and the injection of 2200 tons of CO2 per year, fully dissolved in water, at the CarbFix pilot injection site in SW Iceland. This paper describes the design of the CO2 injection test and the novel approach for monitoring and verification of CO2 mineralization in the subsurface by tagging the injected CO2 with radiocarbon (14C), and using SF5CF3 and amidorhodamine G as conservative tracers to monitor the transport of the injected CO2 charged water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

According to the following criteria: purity degree, physical and chemical properties, the comparison of samples of industrial strongly acidic cation exchangers in Na-form is made in this paper to substantiate their efficiency in water softening processes. Furthermore, we compare production costs of sodium cycling process in the course of concurrent regeneration with different consumption of NaCl and speeds of water passing. Overall, we discover that the strongly acidic cation exchanger Dowex Marathon C can be effectively applied in the local water softening installations of low and medium productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the effect of water hardness, expressed in CaCO3, on the dyeing of silk with acid dye under acid, alkaline and isoelectric point dyeing conditions was studied using the zeta potential method. Under acidic conditions and in the presence of calcium ion, the positive zeta potential of silk was found to decrease with a reduction in dye adsorption. Such a phenomenon might be due to the presence of cation which increased the dyeing potential barrier at the interface between fibre and dye solution. This would result in a higher resistance of dye anions passing through the interface. Under alkaline conditions the zeta potential of silk was negative and resulted in a strong potential barrier against the dye anions. The presence of calcium ions would result in a decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential of silk fibre, with an overall increase in dye absorption. At the isoelectric point, the zeta potential of the silk fibre was found to be near zero, and the dye adsorption was not influenced by the cations. These results showed that calcium ions could have a strong electrolytic effect on dyeing, even at very low concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]