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Background: The musculoskeletal physical examination (MSK PE) is an essential part of medical student training, and it is best taught in a hands-on, longitudinal fashion. A barrier to this approach is faculty instructor availability. "Near-peer" teaching refers to physicians-in-training teaching their junior colleagues. It is unknown whether near-peer teaching is effective in teaching this important physical examination skill.Objective: To investigate attitudes of medical students and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residents regarding near-peer teaching in an MSK PE curriculum.Design: Qualitative, anonymous paper and online surveys.Setting: Tertiary academic center with a medical school and PM&R training program.Participants: Ninety-nine second- and third-year medical students and 13 PM&R residents in their third or fourth postgraduate year.Methods: Attitudes of second- and third-year medical students were measured immediately after their MSK PE course. Resident attitudes were measured in a single cross-sectional sample.Main Outcome Measurements: Student attitudes were assessed via a questionnaire with 5-point Likert scales and a free-text comment section. The resident questionnaire included a combination of multiple-choice questions, rankings, free-text responses, and Likert scales.Results: All 99 students completed the questionnaire. The majority of students (n = 79 [80%]) reported that resident involvement as hands-on instructors of examination skills was "very useful," and 87 (88%) indicated that resident-led small discussion groups were "very helpful" or "somewhat helpful." Fifty-seven of 99 students (58%) reported that the resident-facilitated course was "much better" than courses without resident involvement. Twelve of 13 eligible residents completed the survey, and of those, 8 found teaching "very helpful" to their MSK knowledge, and 11 became "somewhat" or "much more confident" in clinical examination skills.Conclusions: Our study supports educational benefits to medical students and resident instructors in our MSK PE program. We recommend including near-peer teaching in medical student education, particularly for hands-on skills; we also recommend providing opportunities for PM&R residents to participate in formal near-peer education.Level Of Evidence: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi-read memory is a special type of shared memory which provides multiple data copies and allows multiple Pus to read data simultaneously. This paper analyzes the behavior of parallel machines using the multi-read memory and provides some methods to determine their performance. First, a Markov chain model is applied to n - n systems in which the number of copies is the same as that of PUs. Then a less complex expectation model is introduced as well as approximate expressions for the performance and it is shown that the results are almost the same as those of the Markov chain model. The paper also analyzes n - m systems in which the number of copies is less than that of PUs and obtains approximate expressions for the performance. The results of the behavior analysis clarify the upper limit of the number of PUs, the optimum number of copies and other useful results for implementation of the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study on public attitudes toward the city police in Hartford, Connecticut during June-July 1966. In recent years the police in the U.S. have attained a certain prominence in the eyes of their public. It appears that the public image of the policeman is assailed by bad publicity and increased conflict with the nominally non-criminal segment of society. The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to determine by interview survey the extent to which hostile attitudes toward police exist in a medium-sized Northern city, namely Hartford, Connecticut. The data for this study were collected as a part of a multi-purpose sample survey. The sample is a self-weighting two-stage stratified area probability sample of households. The first stage was a sample of all square block areas in the city. At the second stage, every dwelling unit in each of the 100 selected primary units was listed and the lists of dwelling units were subsampled. Despite the proliferation of criticism directed toward policemen, the citizens of Hartford on the whole appear to be satisfied with their performance. Differences in satisfaction with the police's job by occupational levels are not statistically significant at the .05 level. Despite some evidence of varying degrees of satisfaction by occupational level, there does not appear to be a linear relationship between occupational level and satisfaction with police performance. Asking subjects to simply evaluate the job which the local police are doing has obvious limitations. The criticism receiving the largest percentage of agreement concerned the policeman's contact with citizens over relatively minor considerations.

The article presents information on the paper "Measuring Human Living," by Howard R. Cottam. In order to reconcile between the need of meticulous details on the one hand and speed on the other, it seems feasible to mathematically determine which of the innumerable factors best represent human living. Only then it is known precisely what a key factor means in terms of other factors can it reasonably be considered to represent them. Consequently, it is the selection of representative criteria and the definition of these in terms of other criteria that the present study is concerned.