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This article traces the history of the only surviving autograph manuscript of Ode to a Nightingale, composed two hundred years ago in May 2019, and preserved since 1933 in the Fitzwilliam Museum. It tests Charles Armitage Brown's famous eyewitness account of the moment of composition against the physical reality of the manuscript, and examines its materiality in some detail. It also traces the history of the manuscript's fortunes through the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and examines the role of collectors, curators and conservators in ensuring its survival and its continued presence in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers how many of the Communist refugees — German, Austrian and German-speaking Czechs — who were in exile in Britain during the Second World War, followed the dictates of the Party and returned home after the war to help rebuild their war-torn countries physically, politically, economically and socially. While the British authorities permitted the Czechs, as 'friendly aliens', to leave without too much delay, obstacles were put in the way of the German and Austrian refugees who frequently could not leave Britain until late 1946 or thereafter. The paper examines the relations between frustrated refugees and British officialdom as well as the reception the refugees received from their compatriots on their eventual 'homecoming'. Generally speaking, the returning Communists did not fare well. In Austria, the returnees, many of whom were of course Jewish, were met with continuing antisemitism as well as anti-communism; in Czechoslovakia, as the Cold War set in, some were arrested while others fled once again; and in the GDR, the preferred destination of the returning German Communists, the label of 'Westemigrant' could prove a considerable handicap. All in all, despite the initial idealism, the common experience was one of disillusion and disappointment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A call for papers about World War I and the developments in British engineering is presented.

In July 2021 Andreas Mytze died in London, where he had lived since the mid nineteen-eighties. Based on his extensive archive as well as his published material this paper offers an assessment of his contribution to Exile Literature and Exile Studies in the various areas in which he was active. As a seller of second-hand books, he sourced exile literature, completed, circulated and published lists of this stock, much of it rare and difficult to obtain. As a publisher he redressed this deficiency by re-publishing rare or forgotten works of exiled authors and offering contemporary authors, particularly those living in Great Britain, an opportunity to place material which held little attraction for conventional publishing houses. Finally, at a time when Exile Studies was in its infancy, as editor of the journal europäische ideen, he used his skills as an investigative journalist to source and publish documents and correspondence which provided scholars in the field with valuable source material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of tourism and hospitality management through exploring the perceptions of and the application of emotional intelligence (EI) in the practices of managers. The effect of EI on improving business performance is widely acknowledged in business and management studies. However, there is limited research in the context of tourism and hospitality industries. The paper contributes to the literature through a qualitative study of the perceptions and experiences of middle-level managers. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in tourism and hospitality organisations in the UK. The findings of the study reveal that EI can have a positive contribution to improving staff satisfaction, motivation and overall business productivity. They highlight the importance of building quality relationships among staff and the critical role middle management has in an organisation. Based on the finding from the qualitative inquiry, the authors propose a model conceptualising the role of managers' EI in creating a competitive advantage for the organisation. Practical implications are discussed and recommendations for further research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research, professional practice, and learning in architecture are becoming increasingly integrated as the understanding of research and practice is transforming and research assessment criteria are expanding. This changing research landscape has created more diverse iterative and cyclical design research processes and opened new areas of exploration and experimentation in architecture. Building on existing tripartite design research models, such as research 'into', 'for', and 'through' or research stages of 'processes', 'products/outcome', and 'performance/impact', this paper uses the concepts of 'process-driven', 'output-driven', and 'impact' to analyse and classify current architectural design research practices. This framework is used to clarify how research criteria are differently understood in academia and practice, explore the challenges arising from translation between them, and analyse the methods commonly used. While focusing on the UK context, the paper offers transferable insights while using some international case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxburgh Hall in Norfolk is used to provide a case study of what wallpaper analysis can tell us about the history and development of interiors and the current status of methods, sources, collections and limitations of wallpaper analysis in the UK. Wallpaper might be described as a kind of 'vertical archaeology' offering insight into layers of historical decoration of rooms and buildings. The history of wallpaper has tended to be marginalised in the study of historic interiors and decorative wall surfaces, partly because it is often lost from its original location. This paper considers the major British collections that can be used for investigating wallpapers, highlighting in particular the use of the Cowtan Order Books at the Victoria and Albert Museum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises the state of the art for strength grading of construction timber grown in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. It includes the latest approvals based on recent research on spruce, larch and Douglas-fir. It lists the following information along with the primary references: visual grading grades and strength class assignments; grading machines with approved settings for machine control grading; the species, size ranges and strength class combinations covered; and grade determining properties of specific strength classes for the UK and Irish markets. This paper is useful for those grading timber, and those specifying UK and Irish grown timber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collection of papers in this special issue arose from the 2018 and 2019 workshops in Integrated Microscopy Approaches in Archaeobotany (henceforth IMAA), hosted by the University of Reading, UK. The IMAA has an interdisciplinary ethos and not only brings together students and specialists to facilitate cross-sector exchanges of a broad variety of skills, but also the discussions that take place there are driven by a practical microscopy element. The IMAA crosses boundaries between archaeobotany, palaeoecology and wider geoscientific and archaeological specialisms, as well as between professional sectors, which is reflected in the contributions to this special issue. The papers continue to develop our interpretations and understanding of taphonomic processes in archaeobotanical assemblages, with several highlighting the important role ethnoarchaeological and experimental approaches have to play in untangling these complex processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article applies a historical linguistic approach to compare specific word choice before, during and after the First World War in a sample of UK newspapers and two Nottingham papers. It finds that language use in Nottingham newspapers was similar to UK papers but at the same time showed marked differences, possibly as a result of local characteristics, circumstances, events and developments, which suggests that people's experience of war in this city did not always follow an overall UK pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a research project aimed at exploring how designers can activate and sustain entrepreneurial ventures within regional textile communities in the Philippines and the UK. The mindset of consumers, who believe that textiles and fashion should be cheap, has made it difficult to successfully enable regional textile communities. With this in mind, two case studies were undertaken through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in creative enterprises within regional textile communities in the Philippines and the UK. Findings from the research demonstrate how design-driven approaches to entrepreneurship can lead to reaching an untapped market and securing consumer demand for products and services that are better for people and the planet. The original contribution of the paper lies in the development of a business model meta-canvas, informed by an original conceptual framework that, once successfully adopted, could activate and sustain enterprises in regional textile communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines two major rituals of contemporary national life in the UK: association football and military commemoration. It explores the ways in which remembering is enacted and performed within UK football and how these processes are related to issues of power, agency and identity in Britain today. Employing the concepts of collective memory and spectacle, this article argues that 'memory entrepreneurs' have sought to embed football as 'site of memory' in the performance of military commemoration. It concludes that this has contributed to the transformation of military commemoration, from a ritual that is observed to a spectacle that is consumed. This paper thus contributes to emergent debates on the militarization of civilian space, the shifting nature of civil–military relations in the twenty-first century, and the role of military remembrance in the reproduction of Britishness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the associations between different types of social capital and other measures including wellbeing, school connectedness, and pragmatic language. Seventeen adolescents who were deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) from Australia and the United Kingdom completed an online survey and their results were analysed to answer research questions relating to: social capital formation in adolescents who are DHH; associations between social capital, wellbeing, pragmatics, and school connectedness; and the role of identity in social capital formation. Statistical analyses were completed to determine: bivariate correlations between variables; significant differences between the types of social capital measured; and significant differences in social capital according to identity group. Results indicate that overall, adolescents had higher Offline social capital compared to Online social capital, and higher Family social capital in comparison to Peer and Institutional social capital. Additionally, all social capital except Online social capital had strong associations with wellbeing and school connectedness measures. Students who identified as deaf had statistically significant lower levels of social capital than those who identified as hard of hearing or hearing impaired, and bicultural; however, this result may be due to the composition of this small sample. This study indicates that social capital is associated with higher levels of wellbeing and school connectedness and demonstrates that school experiences play an important role in the formation of social capital for students who are DHH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss how design can have different meanings and uses in practice and what of those are related to innovation processes. The paper looks at diverse theoretical stances in regard to the meaning of design. Later on, the paper describes data collected through in-depth interviews with fifteen UK companies in the manufacturing, engineering, transport, urban living and digital services areas. The findings inform our understanding about definitions and uses of design. In addition, we identify some of the difficulties companies experience in measuring the value and contributions of design, and illustrate alternative methods companies use for that purpose. The paper concludes with a synthesis of the findings from this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paramedics frequently encounter patients requiring palliative and end of life care. This is anticipated to increase with an ageing UK population, a strengthening preference for care and death to occur in the home, alongside pressurized community services. Nationally education is lacking and despite localized efforts of improvement, widespread change within ambulance services to advance the quality of care for this patient group has been slow to emerge. This paper describes two UK ambulance service improvement programmes that have sought to address this need. South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust collaborated with a nationally renowned charity, Macmillan Cancer Support, to create innovative programmes of change. Both services targeted data exploration, valued inter-professional learning and effectively engaged local stakeholders. Experience demonstrates the need for collaboration with specialist palliative care and dependence on community services to access support and alternatives to hospital conveyance. This paper considers the future for end of life care leadership in UK ambulance services and the development of specialist paramedic roles. While the future of an alliance of paramedicine and palliative care is yet to be fully realized, our work exhibits the significant progress made by UK ambulance services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the response of the English heritage sector, in particular Historic England, to the impact caused by the initial lockdown and restrictions introduced to protect lives during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. This response, headed by the Heritage Sector Response Group, relied on effective cross-sector working in order to both make the case for targeted support for the heritage sector to the UK Government and to provide advice and support for organisations during the lockdown and the limited reopening of the economy which followed. This included gathering intelligence in order to understand the impact of restrictions on the sector, which was used to swiftly develop emergency grant schemes funded by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, the National Lottery Heritage Fund and Historic England. The paper also considers the Historic England Heritage Online Debate around the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the sector, which gathered case studies from across the sector to capture and share qualitative information. The paper then looks at other long term challenges facing the sector, such as climate change, and considers how a collaborative approach and lessons learned from the sector's response to the COVID-19 restrictions may provide models for building resilience for the future and developing solutions to other issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the historical development of protein-enhanced foods in Great Britain and how they were marketed by food manufacturers to convince consumers that protein was essential to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It focuses particularly on Plasmon and Emprote – the two biggest brands of the early twentieth century – and uses multimodal critical discourse analysis to identify how semiotic resources are used to embed products in scientific rationality, promote health discourses and develop concepts of masculinity in accordance with the two strands of the physical culture movement. It argues that, just as today, food manufacturers capitalized upon the growing middle-class interest in functional foods and presented protein as an "elixir" that consumers should take to safeguard their health, the health of their families and the state of the nation. Overall, this study demonstrates that, even with today's strict legislation on food packaging and advertising, protein food manufacturers still use similar techniques to sell their products. In gaining a better understanding of the historical use of semiotic resources in food advertising, we can assess the legitimacy of current food regulations and ensure that people make informed choices when shopping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how museum practice around decolonisation is reflected in conservation practice. It reviews changing conservation attitudes through guidelines and seminal publications. It charts changes in conservators' approach, especially regarding the treatment of artefacts belonging to Indigenous and underrepresented groups, mainly in the UK and English-speaking world. I suggest that current changes to conservation practice are not radical but are part of a slow and considered trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The care of historic interiors in the U.K. and abroad has evolved over many centuries, from historic housekeeping documented in early manuscripts, to preventive conservation, collections care and management widely practised in museums today. This paper takes a long view of this evolution, considering the causes and instigators of change in approaches taken by public institutions and private owners of historic collections. The influence of increasing professionalisation of the heritage sector and of statutory concern for the care of items of national interest is reviewed, and practice compared in the private and public spheres, to consider the future for conservation housekeeping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been promoted in the UK housing sector as a key strategy for meeting carbon reduction commitments by offsetting the use of the non-renewable grid energy with renewable energy. However, inhabitants are not changing their routine energy consumption practices to take advantage of off-grid day time solar energy and, in some cases, even shifting practices away from the initial intentions underlying the technology. This means that the necessary energy savings from new housing are not being achieved. In this paper, this is attributed to the variation in the provisioning of PV technology in new homes, as well as inhabitants' engagement with and know-how of PV technologies, subject to explicit rules and policies. The key contribution of this paper is to reveal how PV technologies and inhabitants interact within different socio-technological home contexts drawing on Practice theory and ethnographic methods applied to four housing developments in England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impacts of the PREVENT Counter-Terrorism Strategy. The conclusion is reached that violence may be being promoted rather than prevented by government attempts to counter 'radicalisation' and 'extremism'. The motivation for this paper is the author's experience of the PREVENT Counter-Terrorism Strategy in a school in east London; and its main recommendation is that counter-extremism strategies can and should be contested. This conclusion, and the explanation for it, is reached by using a critical realist approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, supported by the framework of the semiotic triangle in the context of Bhaskar's transformational model of social activity. This brings in a time dimension that, it is argued, has previously been neglected in critical realist versions of Critical Discourse Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Set against the new chronological framework for the introduction and spread of the Neolithic into Britain this paper considers the logistics of introducing domestic cattle from continental Europe. Cattle were the most extensively utilised domestic animal at the start of the Neolithic and understanding the processes behind their introduction is critical for exploring early Neolithic farming systems. We begin by exploring the realities of creating a viable new animal population and then moving that population to Britain across the water from Continental Europe. Using a series of simulated models we demonstrate that only a very small number of cattle need to have been introduced into Britain in order to enable the uptake and spread of domestic cattle across the whole island. This, in turn, may effect how we consider the mechanisms involved in the adoption of the Neolithic, and can better inform our understanding of the kinds of processes involved in the transition to the Neolithic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deterioration and loss of our historic environment due to natural erosive processes, exacerbated by climate change, already outpaces available resources for preservation and will accelerate over the coming century. While this process is divisive and destructive, it is also bringing together international collaborators who are developing more holistic approaches to addressing heritage at risk. In 2018, an intensive fieldtrip and series of workshops as part of the Learning from Loss project brought researchers and practitioners from both sides of the Atlantic together with community stakeholders. Over twelve days, the delegates considered alternative futures for heritage at risk, exploring diverse perspectives and observing action previously taken at threatened sites by both heritage professionals and local communities, often working in collaboration. Recognising that not everything can be saved, the structured discussions and site visits revealed a number of insights into ways that action could be planned in the future. The suggestions also highlighted differences in the way that heritage is managed in the UK and the US. This paper summarises the findings of the field trip and discusses how there may need to be a sea-change in thinking in the United Sates in order to prepare for the growing disaster facing an increasing number of archaeological monuments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the UK housing sector, changes to building regulations have raised standards for fabric performance, bringing about a demand for affordable, low energy housing. Housing Associations have been at the forefront of adopting these measures, but as owners of long term rented stock it is important for them to understand and evaluate the performance of both ‘as-built’ and ‘as-occupied’ dwellings. This paper describes a detailed evaluation of three new-build social housing demonstration projects located in Glasgow (Scotland). The study included occupant surveys in each scheme, fabric testing and detailed monitoring of environmental conditions, energy consumption, and evaluation of occupancy behaviours in eight dwellings. A particular focus of this paper is the ventilation performance as the homes are ventilated differently using natural, mechanical extract and mechanical heat recovery methods. The results showed a wide discrepancy of energy consumption and poor levels of ventilation, particularly in bedrooms. Causes of this included the design and installation of the ventilation provision but occupant interaction with the systems was also a significant factor. Two sites included sun-spaces that, despite having good potential for preheat ventilation and drying spaces, were underperforming. The study highlights significant impacts of the complex interactions between heating and ventilation systems, and the apparent need for more effective ventilation strategies and systems in bedroom spaces, but also improved strategies for end-user understanding of, and interaction with, both mechanical systems and natural ventilation opportunities. The papers aims to provide robust and credible evidence on which to base critical regulatory and design decisions on the most effective means of ventilating low carbon social housing in Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collections care describes actions taken to prevent or limit the deterioration of moveable cultural heritage and ‘collections care documentation’ (CCD) refers to the recording and retention of information relating to those activities. This paper describes the findings of a survey and targeted interviews with staff from a number of U.K. museums, archives and libraries. The results suggest that, while there is much good practice, some organisations face difficulties instituting a framework for CCD which covers all their activities effectively. Large and small organisations have varying challenges to face; the former with specialist staff working in separate departments and the latter with staff who carry out activities relating to preventive conservation but who may not have specialist knowledge. An efficient documentation structure, which is resilient and relevant to the organisation, can support and improve communication as well as raise awareness of the reasons for and methods of preventive conservation. This paper looks at the reasons why even basic practices can sometimes be difficult to achieve and presents ideas for identifying and overcoming barriers. As preventive conservators argue that specified actions influence the long-term sustainability of collections the evidence that allows verification those claims needs to be retained. In order to do this, a greater focus on what data to collect and why will enable the sector to align CCD with specific research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With climate change, many cultural landscapes will be lost or permanently altered. One approach to managing this is through international designation, through UNESCO, and the focus that it provides. National designations such as National Park status also offer a set of strategies for managing and adapting. This paper explores landscape designations in Japan and the UK focusing on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is suggested that the UK's dualistic governmental structures for landscapes prioritise some attributes over others. This is examined through the recent inscription of the Lake District as a World Heritage Property and counterpointed through looking at the recent Landscape Review also known as the Glover Report. A case study on a Japanese approach to landscape designation is explored to suggest alternative approaches. Both country's relationship with international designation is discussed. Methodologies and theoretical approaches are examined with the conclusion that landscape change and loss are dealt with in Japan differently and arguably more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant energy and carbon originate in the existing built environment and retrofit is therefore a key carbon reduction strategy. However heritage buildings -comprising around 20% of UK buildings- are challenging to retrofit appropriately due to their historical values and traditional construction. Retrofit carbon savings are dependent on current energy use which is strongly influenced by residents' behaviours, and retrofit decisions for domestic heritage are generally the responsibility of homeowners. Therefore both residents' views and behaviours are important for effective retrofit strategies. However behaviours are rarely considered in standard energy models and residents' views are often overlooked in heritage retrofit policy. This paper analyses a survey of the views, values and behaviours of 147 residents of pre-1940 buildings. The majority are found to strongly value their homes' heritage and mainly view exterior building alterations negatively. However residents' heritage values and acceptable retrofits, frequently differ from those of experts and policy makers. Residents report actively engaging in several positive energy behaviours and many have already undertaken common carbon saving measures. These findings imply that, for effective carbon reduction from heritage buildings, policy and legislation needs to extend beyond current definitions of 'heritage' and acknowledge residents' complex values, motivations and energy behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contends that the scale of mortality is a more significant determinant of change in funerary practice than chronological periodisation. A concentration on scale suggests that change in funerary practice runs in cycles, reflecting the search by the bereaved for consolation that is undermined by the threat to individuation posed by industrial-level scales of operation and professionalization. Within this framework, the bereaved make active choices - depending on their unequal resources - amongst a range of products and services to secure consolation. England is posited as a case study to evidence cycles of change, and this paper uses historical data to consider change in use from churchyard to cemetery, from cemetery to crematorium, and the contemporary evolution of natural or ‘green’ burial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the Roman conquest, agricultural production in Britain faced increasing demand from large urban and military populations. While it has long been thought that this necessitated an increase in agricultural production, direct archaeological evidence for changes in cultivation practices has been scarce. Using a model that conceptualises cereal farming strategies in terms of intensive or extensive practices, this paper is the first study to address this question using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data of crop remains. We report δ15N and δ13C values from 41 samples of spelt, emmer and barley from Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman Stanwick (Northants., UK), in order to assess the intensiveness of arable farming and investigate shifts in cultivation practices in prehistoric and Roman Britain. The results demonstrate a decline in δ15N in the Roman period, suggesting that farming practices moved to lower levels of manuring and, by implication, became more extensive. δ13C values are comparable in all periods, supporting the suggestion that changes observed in human stable isotope data between the Iron Age and Roman period are best explained by dietary change rather than a shift towards higher δ13C values in plants at the base of the food chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asks why was Britain slow to adopt diesel and electric traction on its railways. The management of Britain's railways were aware of technical developments in electrification and diesel traction from the start. Advocates of electrification ranged across the rail industry and the UK had diesel pioneers such as the Armstrong Whitworth Company. British owned railway companies and equipment suppliers successfully pursued electrification overseas. Nevertheless, Britain's domestic railways in the main stuck with steam until labour and coal shortages prompted change after nationalisation following WW2. Insufficient capital explains the reluctance to electrify during the inter-war period once the advantages became obvious, although Southern made considerable progress on its commuter routes into London. Britain's railways remained 'tooled-up' for steam and locked into a labour intensive, coal using technology into the 1960's. Fuel requirements for the Royal Navy set Britain on a twentieth century trajectory of oil use, a change that slowly fed into the rail industry once diesel technology became reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is increasing evidence for music-based interventions in neurorehabilitation, improving mood and functional outcomes. In response, there is growing interest from health-care providers in setting up Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) services. This paper presents some preliminary data on the feasibility and acceptability of NMT in the acute stroke, multidisciplinary team setting, about which little is known. Objectives: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a two-day per-week NMT service over 24 months. Methods: Data were collected on the number of referrals received, sessions attended, sessions declined and reasons why. Staff completed questionnaires, and collected them from patients and their relatives, rating interventions: 1. Not helpful, 2. Quite helpful, 3. Helpful, 4. Very helpful. Patients completed the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) pre-/post- a single session. Results: Of 201 patients referred, 177 received treatment and 675 sessions were delivered. Twenty-four patients were discharged before sessions were scheduled and 28 sessions were declined, predominantly due to fatigue. Mean scores (SD) from questionnaire data were: patients (n = 99) 3.34 (0.825), relatives (n = 13) 3.83 (0.372), staff (n = 27) 3.85 (0.388). Mean, post-session VAMS data (n = 52) showed a non-significant reduction in 'Sad' (7.5, p =.007, CI = 2.1, 12.9) and an increase in 'Happy' (+ 6.2, p =.013, CI = −11.0, −1.4). Conclusions: Data suggest the service was feasible and helpful, particularly for patient mood, possibly improving engagement in rehabilitation. Research to determine generalizability in different stroke environments and treatment effects within them is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies linking indoor environments and productivity have been conducted in controlled, static conditions often unrepresentative of the real world. This paper uses a case-study-based, real-world approach to empirically investigate the link between indoor environment and workplace productivity in a mechanically-ventilated office environment in southern England. Environmental parameters were monitored continuously. Transverse and longitudinal surveys recorded perceptions of the working environment and self-reported productivity. Performance tasks provided proxy measures of performance. Productivity was perceived to decrease when occupants perceived thermal discomfort and stuffy air. Correlations with perceived changes in productivity were stronger for perceived rather than measured environmental conditions, implying occupants' subjective feelings impacted perceived productivity more than objective environmental conditions. Task scores were 15% lower when conducted at CO2 levels above 800 ppm compared to below 800 ppm. Insights from the study can help to optimize indoor office environments and improve workplace productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An engineer's viewpoint on key areas for further research and industry initiatives to support the increased use of mass timber, particularly Cross Laminated Timber. The paper identifies issues related to project delivery in UK and global construction markets including design for durability, approaches to building design complexity, sustainable supply and the end of life scenarios of buildings, and emerging net zero carbon emissions strategies and the role of forestry for products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In England, since the publication of the 2012 National Planning Policy Framework, viability has taken an elevated role in the planning process with economic viability becoming an important consideration in the determination of a planning application. In this paper, the author introduces viability as a relatively new formal assessment brought into the UK planning system and explores ways in which it may impact existing provisions in place to protect the historic environment. The article highlights the complexities of adopting the Viability Assessment model and provides cases in which these assessments have been used to mitigate planning obligations in place to conserve and enhance the historic environment. In light of the current application of viability models during the planning process by developers, the author calls on the need for more research in this area as well as the need for further awareness of its use by those working to conserve and enhance the historic environment. Ultimately, the article aims to set Viability Assessment against the broader principles of sustainable development and recommends perusing the concept of a Cultural Capital Valuation for UK heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Research in palliative care (PC) is often regarded as challenging due to the vulnerability of the population and other peculiarities. We aim to systematically identify barriers to research in PC in the literature. Methods The electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE were searched for papers published in the last 25 years. Citations and then abstracts were screened for inclusion. Original papers were included on first-level analysis. On a second level reviews, reports, and position papers were analyzed. Papers containing a direct patient report were specifically analyzed. Barriers were categorized (ethical considerations, financial and time expenses, study design and methodology, human resources and politics) and results quantified. Results Twenty-one original papers and 65 other papers were included. Five studies involved patients directly, five were systematic reviews, three were study experiences, and seven were surveys or workshop reports. Most papers originated from UK, USA, or Norwegian Universities. Ethics and methods were the most often mentioned categories on both levels. Accrual, attrition, and gatekeeping were frequently named barriers. Complex invasive studies or possible side effects hinder patients' participation, as patients are often willing to participate for altruistic motivations. Discussion Barriers to PC research are ethical concerns and methodological challenges. Possible strategies to overcome methodological barriers include international collaborative efforts to include more patients and improve study designs. Ethical barriers indicate the need for patient involvement in the research development process and tailoring research specifically to the PC population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the unusual opportunities for motoring leisure provided by the modernistic landscape of the Great West Road in the inter-war period. This suburban arterial road had become ribboned by new Americanized factories, which featured 'Californian' white elevations, floodlit at night. This modern roadscape, likened to the 'great white way of an exhibition' by John Betjeman, attracted leisure drivers who would cruise the new road, experiencing a sensation of displaced Americanization and modernity. Using David Nye's work on technological sublimity, this paper positions the Great West Road as a special space for driving as a new leisure experience, distancing this period from the exploration of the countryside that typified motoring in the previous decades. The paper uses material from motoring magazines, architectural sources and poetry to explain the nature of this sublimity through leisure driving. Not being California, the juxtaposition of wet British weather and this road could also provide a misty and mysterious driving experience. As the inter-war period drew to a close, some commentators saw this road as tawdry and vulgar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares contractual practices and resultant financial profits in commercial archaeology in the UK with those of the construction industry. It argues that, until archaeologists adopt or emulate those practices, they will be unable to afford the training they need or the intellectual gratification and public engagement they desire, and suggests simple objectives by which that aim might be realised. It is based on the author's (almost) 30 years' experience in commercial archaeology and recent studies in construction management. It builds on a paper given at the Institute for Archaeologists (IfA) Conference in 2008, a precis of which was published in The Archaeologist (2007), and a seminar held at the University of the West of England in June 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates university students ' discourse about their food practices at home to address two technical issues in the existing literature about family and food: fírst, the lack of scholarly attention to adult children's accounts about family food practices, and second, that existing studies about family food too often treat what is reported by respondents as what actually happens. The paper is based on an analysis of twenty-nine semi-structured interviews conducted with university students. Two types of images constructed in the students' discourse are noted: the institutional image and the individual image. This paper ñnds that students' discourse about family food practices tends to focus on highlighting the institutional image of the student's family rather than on constructing the individual image of the respective student. This paper suggests that adult children's accounts about family food practices can provide a different perspective to the accounts of women, and that the interaction between the researched and the researcher has been overlooked in the current studies about family food practices. Keywords: family food, feeding work, food choices [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tests three contentions advanced by Adrian Gregory in his book The Last Great War: first, that the reaction to the outbreak of war in 1914 was not one of universal unthinking enthusiasm; second, that the provincial press took a sober and critical view of the imminent outbreak of hostilities; and third, that volunteering was a more layered experience than a simple rush to the colours. The methodology adopted has been to review the Berrow’s Journal newspaper between January 1914 and January 1915, looking particularly at the editorial views of the paper, views expressed through the paper via ‘Letters to the Editor’, accounts of meetings and quotations from speakers and the events and information that the newspaper chose to report. Berrow’s Journal has been chosen as a weekly newspaper and as a Unionist newspaper in a strongly Unionist region, where if jingoism were to be found, a superficial reading might suggest it would be found there. The figures on enlistments quoted in the newspaper will be tested against the author’s own research using fatal casualties as a representative sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been believed that with the exception of a handful of conscientious objectors, the public responded enthusiastically to the outbreak of the First World War. Recent work by Adrian Gregory and Catriona Pennell has raised significant questions about this accepted viewpoint. This paper looks at the same issue in a different way, particularly at the maintenance of enthusiasm and patriotic endeavour when the war was not ‘over by Christmas’. Using the papers of the Central Committee for National Patriotic Organisations (CCNPO) it looks in particular at the efforts through 1914–17 to keep the flag flying in towns and villages across the country. Most, although not all, of the examples are drawn from Nottinghamshire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing histories of social mobility have focused on adults and on measuring the achievement of individual upward mobility. However, children and families were central to mobility strategies. Using the papers of the Heywoods of Bolton, this article examines how the families of the industrial middle class endowed their offspring with the goods and character needed to secure their social standing, highlighting the emotional intricacy of these processes. It demonstrates that such families conceived of social mobility as a familial project and that rather than pursuing upward mobility, their chief objective was to guard against social decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building performance simulation provides a means to assess the performance of a proposed design under dynamic operating conditions and in terms of performance criteria relating to wellbeing, environmental impact and energy use. While adoption of the technology has led to an improvement in design intent by supporting understanding and innovation, it has exacerbated the gap between this intent and the operational reality by encouraging more complex schemes that are proving to be less resilient. This paper describes the source of this resilience problem and outlines a proposed solution that is the subject of a current industry/ academic feasibility study in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Images of maternal distress and maternal deviance were frequently invoked in order to mobilise British women in support of her 'heathen' sisters overseas. Yet these accounts were not uniform in their interpretation of Indian maternity, or its relationship to emerging Victorian ideals of motherhood. This paper explores ideas of maternal danger, distress and deviance as they appeared in evangelical and colonial discourses of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, revealing complex and ambivalent responses and challenging the idea that Indian woman were simply one-dimensional signifiers of victimhood within gendered constructions of the 'civilising mission'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]