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The article focuses on the accomplishment of Cheryl and Nikki Bart, mother and daughter, of scaling the summit of Mt. Everest, which became a topic at the "Australia 2020 Summit." It provides the author's narrative and personal story of attending and participating in the said summit. It explores the way in which women were included in and excluded from the processes, content and discussions of the event, in the hope that the analysis may assist in formulating ways to enhance effective strategic thinking, policy development and service delivery which specifically addresses the needs of and opportunities for women in Australia over the next decade and beyond. Related issues are further duscussed.

This paper explores online brand advocacy (OBA) in a tourism destination context. Through a Social Influence Theory lens, it explores the ways in which residents and overseas tourists discuss Australia as a destination brand on social media. By analyzing a big dataset of social media user-generated content (UGC), this study sought to identify the key dimensions evident in positively valenced social media UGC, to see whether these dimensions varied between residents and overseas tourists, and to see whether the dimensions reflected OBA. The analyses found online destination brand advocacy (ODBA) had five dimensions: Destination Acknowledgement (hashtags), Destination Insights, Destination Positivity and Experience Sharing, Destination Brand Defence and Positive Virtual Visual Cues. The results have implications for the ways destination management organisations (DMOs) use social media. Suggestions for DMOs about incorporating ODBA in their marketing and branding strategies, are given at the conclusion of this paper. Some theoretical implications, specifically the need to further investigate ODBA, are also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australian violence prevention policies have highlighted that media representations reinforce and challenge the public's understanding of violence against women. Current primary prevention strategies have attempted to harness the media's influence by focusing on improving the quality of news reportage and the working practice of professional journalists. These strategies focus explicitly on news media as the site of public engagement. However, violence against women is depicted and discussed in various popular media sites in Australia. This article seeks to explore changes in the modes and locations of contemporary media representations of violence against women. Drawing from a case study of Australian true crime podcasts, this article demonstrates how alternative media resources have become powerful new sites of public engagement with information and stories about violence against women. This paper argues that primary prevention strategies must accommodate these changing domains of understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, food is recognized as an issue in urban areas regarding diet-related diseases, unhealthy food environments, disconnection from culture and social relations, and environmental unsustainability. Concurrently, food also has a critical role in addressing the complex challenges cities are facing. Food pedagogies has emerged as a key element in tackling these food-related issues. However, pedagogical aspects of food are yet to be broadly explored and no known conceptual pedagogical framework has been developed. This paper aims to inform development of a conceptual framework for the enactment of food pedagogies, based on community food leaders' perspectives and experiences. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 39 experienced leaders from diverse food-related fields in Australia. Interviews were analyzed thematically. Four key themes emerged from participants' reflections on the current state of food-related activities: 'Awareness of food and food systems'; 'Enjoyment and social connections'; 'Experiential practices in everyday life': and 'Action for change.' These four themes are discussed both as aims of pedagogical practices and as essential pedagogical content for conceptualizing food pedagogies. A draft conceptual framework is developed to inform actions by policy makers, and public and private sector food practitioners to create healthy and sustainable societies through the medium of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many observers Australia's approach to the threat of nuclear proliferation under the government of Prime Minister John Howard (1996–2007) was simply the product of its steadfast alignment of Australian foreign policy with that of the United States in the post-9/11 context. The Howard government's enthusiastic support for the 2003 US-led 'coalition of the willing' invasion of Iraq on the basis of Baghdad's alleged possession of 'weapons of mass destruction' (WMD) is taken as the most egregious example of this tendency. Yet this assumption ignores that the potential threat of nuclear proliferation had been an abiding concern for the government since it had entered office. This paper argues that there was an enduring dynamic in Australian foreign and strategic policy of perceiving a direct link between the fate of the prevailing international system and that of Australia's own national security. To this end, the Howard government's perception of the threat of nuclear proliferation was sensitive to trends at the global level, most particularly the strategic posture and preferences of its alliance partner, the United States. The paper demonstrates, however, that this weakened the Howard government's ability to maintain fidelity with what had become Australia's traditional activist diplomacy within the non-proliferation regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, there has been an increased focus on the identification, storage, and treatment of polymer-based plastic materials in cultural heritage collections. While the need for the preservation of plastics in audio-visual collections is well established, there is evidence that unstable plastics are also associated with paper-based collections. This paper investigates whether libraries and archives need to direct preservation resources towards risks posed by plastics in paper-based collections. As there is no available documentation on the types and condition of associated plastics, Australian archives were surveyed using an online questionnaire. Respondents reported associated plastics in over 90% of archives, and ∼50% observed these to be in poor condition. It is concluded that preservation resources that are specific to vulnerable plastic materials in Australian paper-based collections need to be developed and communicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material has published a range of resources that promote environmentally aware collection care and management practices including climate-specific Environmental Guidelines, the Sustainable Collections wiki and the Climate Adaptation resource. The Climate Adaptation resource provides access to 180 maps illustrating potential future climate scenarios for Australia in 2030 and 2090, using the two Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. These maps were produced as part of research undertaken in 2019–2020 by Pagliarino and Meredith and supplement those published in volume 41 (issue 1) of the AICCM Bulletin. The release of updated climate change projections in the Sixth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis – precipitated a review of the Climate Adaptation resource to confirm the continued veracity of the maps. This paper provides the results of that assessment, which confirmed the resource's ongoing accuracy and currency. In addition, the paper includes discussion of the new IPCC future climate scenarios of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, which supersede RCP, and a summary of the state of the climate in Australia with warming, humidity, fire, weather and sea level rise investigated in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally understood that visits to see incarcerated family members are good for children, families and those in prison. Much research has focused on the impact of prison visits on children and incarcerated mothers, 'parents' as a generic group or barriers to contact, while less attention has been paid to the effect of prison visits on incarcerated fathers. When COVID-19 spread across the globe in early 2020, prisons restricted in-person visits. In Australia, alternative forms of communication between prisoners and their families were utilised, including phone calls and video visits. Drawing on data from an online survey of caregivers of children with a family member in prison (n = 84), this paper specifically focuses on a sub-sample, reporting on imprisoned fathers (n = 70), describing and evaluating experiences with video visits. Most respondents reported that the father was not coping well with the lack of face-to-face contact, and almost two-thirds of respondents reported problems with keeping in contact after in-person visits were suspended. However, a small cohort of fathers were found to be coping well. These findings are explored, highlighting barriers to technologyfacilitated visits, and point to a range of issues that need to be addressed for such visits to be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thousands of girls and young women migrated to Australia in the nineteenth century. Many were members of voluntary migrant families who were drawn to the colonies for new opportunities and a better life. Despite their numbers, these girls' experiences of the journey have been little studied. This article examines several extant shipboard diaries, written by girls and young women aged from 10 to 22 who travelled from Britain and Ireland to Australia. These diaries, composed between 1851 and 1884, recount girls' daily lives on board ship and lay bare their emotions as they journeyed towards a new life. Girls used writing and the physical form of a diary to work through and regulate the emotional upheavals and perils of migration. Graphite, ink and paper were employed to navigate loss, boredom, homesickness, fear and uncertainty. By centring girl-produced sources, this article gives voice to the often-overlooked migration experiences of girls and shows how analysis of age and gender draws attention to the emotions of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2019–20 bushfires which ravaged Australia have intensified interest in Indigenous burning practices and their contribution to contemporary Australian land management. This recent interest builds upon a base established by Indigenous activism and well-circulated academic works which propose 'Grand Unified Theories' to explain the pre-European impact of Indigenous peoples upon environments. In this paper, I critique these theories as reliant upon binaries which either underemphasise or overemphasise impact. Just over a decade since its publication, it is timely to re-examine Bill Gammage's The Biggest Estate on Earth and its influence upon policy and environments. Gammage's model shares significant features with earlier popular works depicting Indigenous environmental impacts. Numerous theories incorporating ideas of overhunting have been proposed to explain the rough correlation of human arrival and the extinction of Pleistocene megafauna in Australia and North America. These Grand Unified Theories were shaped by similar tropes; they were all proposed with an eye to the present, and they have all influenced contemporary politics. I present an alternative model for conceptualising Indigenous environmental relationships that will work to advance understandings while minimising harmful repercussions and avoiding undermining Indigenous aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011, in Australia and Canada, two Aboriginal women – Lynette Daley and Cindy Gladue – died in suspicious circumstances suggestive of sexual homicide. At the time of their deaths, little media attention was given to their cases. However, several years later, as their cases progressed through the criminal justice system, the media would become intensely interested and numerous reports were subsequently published. These news stories, however, demonstrated that when colonialism, racism and sexism intersect they result in victims being to apportioned blame for their subsequent deaths. This paper reports on findings from a research project that examined print and online news media from 2011 to 2018, as these cases traversed the criminal court system. It illustrates that, when taken together the colonialism, racism and sexism prevalent in the news reporting served to characterise the victims as unworthy of the public's sympathy. This paper also provides a reflection on what it might take to reform the media's engagement in cases such as these, to achieve a reimagined justice where Aboriginal women's lives are valued and respected as victims of crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the associations between different types of social capital and other measures including wellbeing, school connectedness, and pragmatic language. Seventeen adolescents who were deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) from Australia and the United Kingdom completed an online survey and their results were analysed to answer research questions relating to: social capital formation in adolescents who are DHH; associations between social capital, wellbeing, pragmatics, and school connectedness; and the role of identity in social capital formation. Statistical analyses were completed to determine: bivariate correlations between variables; significant differences between the types of social capital measured; and significant differences in social capital according to identity group. Results indicate that overall, adolescents had higher Offline social capital compared to Online social capital, and higher Family social capital in comparison to Peer and Institutional social capital. Additionally, all social capital except Online social capital had strong associations with wellbeing and school connectedness measures. Students who identified as deaf had statistically significant lower levels of social capital than those who identified as hard of hearing or hearing impaired, and bicultural; however, this result may be due to the composition of this small sample. This study indicates that social capital is associated with higher levels of wellbeing and school connectedness and demonstrates that school experiences play an important role in the formation of social capital for students who are DHH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policing is considered one of the most dangerous and stressful occupations. The role and duties of officers mean that they are more likely to encounter not only accidents, but also assaults. Furthermore, the physical demands and occupational stresses of the job mean that officers are at risk of medical conditions that cause strain on the body such as heart attacks. This paper examines the current nature of police officer fatalities in Australia. In turn, this paper aims to identify strategies to prevent police fatalities. To do this, the study examined all police officer deaths in Australia between 2002 and 2019 (n = 39). Results revealed three main typologies of police fatalities in Australia: accidents, assaults and health-related fatalities. Accidents accounted for the largest proportion of fatalities, followed by assaults and health fatalities. Furthermore, the results showed a significant decrease in the number of police fatalities post 2006. These results are discussed in terms of changes to policing policies and practices that may have influenced this decline. Overall, these findings provided valuable insights into the current nature of police fatalities. These findings have implications for policing authorities in implementing prevention strategies to reduce and prevent officer deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the potential for conservators to use their unique combination of materials and heritage experience to tackle the challenges of recovery in fire-affected areas, helping to minimise the waste and greenhouse gas emissions associated with traditional processes of post-disaster building remediation by facilitating cleaning and repair rather than replacement and disposal of fire-affected materials. The focus is not on saving 'special' items, but on remediating the broader fabric of homes and possessions that embody a sense of place and identity that sustains wellbeing and aids recovery after disaster. The samples used are painted plasterboard affected by smoke from the 2019 bushfires on the south-eastern coast of Australia. The method being trialled is the use of lasers to remove ash (soot) deposited by the smoke, to achieve a reduction in visual reminders of the fire and a surface that is ready for processes such as sanding, plastering or repainting to prepare a home for quick post-disaster re-occupation. Lasers have been extensively used for cleaning buildings. They use light energy to clean, so do not require abrasives or other chemicals, or touching of the surface. Nanosecond and femtosecond pulse lasers are trialled, and the effectiveness of the laser cleaning is analysed using visual assessment, optical microscopy, spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an active collective of conservators in Melbourne, Australia, as a case study, this paper will provide practice-based insights into an alternative mode of practice for the private conservation sector. Through consideration of this collective of discrete but cross-pollinated small businesses, the implications of an adaptive, networked organisational model will be explored. Challenges faced by conservators in Australia have impacted employment in the profession, which could equally describe conditions overseas. The Collingwood Conservators' Collective model has been developed in response to these challenges, with the aim of breaking down barriers to entrepreneurship in conservation. The Collective currently comprises a mixture of early and mid-career conservators working in a shared space, undertaking a variety of private work and public contracts. The short-term benefits of the collective model include access to shared resources, interdisciplinary knowledge and communal support. In the longer term, this organisational structure has the potential to make entry into conservation practice more accessible to a broader range of professionals. The collective model offers conservators an adaptable work environment within which they can scale their participation to their capabilities, contribute to large-scale projects and foster project-centred interdisciplinary partnerships. We have found that collaborative solutions have become embedded in our practices as a result of the collective's working environment. The collective has emerged as a viable alternative model for early career conservators in addition to traditional institutional pathways, providing an adaptive platform for entrepreneurship and practice in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper investigates the impact of FoodPorn, or food photographs, on user-generated content (UGC) and its role in influencing the perceptions of 'food trippers' toward local culinary precincts in a metropolitan area in Australia. Adopting a mix-methods approach, 20 semi-structured interviews with food trippers revealed four antecedents of why they gaze upon FoodPorn on UGC, including usefulness, ease of use, affective gratifications and source credibility. Findings from interviews informed a large-scale online survey investigating residents' perceptions of three local culinary precincts. Data (n = 593) were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results from SEM revealed that the effectiveness of UGC in relation to FoodPorn and culinary precinct attractiveness largely depends on the benefits food trippers perceive when gazing upon the food imagery. This research advances our understanding of how gazing upon FoodPorn enhances culinary destination consumer-based brand equity. This study developed an extension of a model that measures culinary precinct destination attractiveness, and the role of FoodPorn in influencing perceptions held by Brisbane consumers of culinary precincts. Findings provide important recommendations for destination marketing organisations (DMOs) both in Australia and worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence has underpinned many of the laws relating to LGBTQIA+ people in Australia since colonisation, demarcating them as deviant and criminal and denying them access to the same rights as others. Since the 1970s, legal reforms have, as Robert Cover might describe it, demonstrated the redemptive quality of law in its response to LGBTQIA+ peoples' commitment and activism over time. More recently, the legal definition of marriage was amended to include two people regardless of their sexual orientation, gender identity, or sex characteristics. Whilst this legal achievement was widely celebrated, the postal survey on same-sex marriage that was conducted as a pre-requisite for legislative change, brought to the fore the continuing violence that LGBTQIA+ people suffer as a result of law even in moments of redemption. In this empirical paper, I draw on Robert Cover's jurisprudential practices and bring these into relationship with the lived experiences of LGBTQIA+ people to both expose the nature of the violence experienced by LGBTQIA+ people during the postal survey and in the name of legal equality, and to frame LGBTQIA+ peoples' legal activism as queer jurisprudence — to show how LGBTQIA+ people do create law and legal meaning through community action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition from secondary school to postschool life, education, and employment can be difficult for young people who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). This population's postschool outcomes, particularly in employment, continue to lag behind those of the general population. The transition education, planning, and practices that these students experience while at secondary school are important to their achievement of optimal postschool outcomes. This paper reviews recent literature relating to the postschool transition of young people who are DHH, including studies that have investigated specific transition practices and student characteristics and their associations with positive postschool outcomes. Taking into consideration evidence-based best practices for students with disability in general and students who are DHH in particular, the authors propose a model of targeted transition planning and practice for adolescents who are DHH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1899, the Australian colonies sent military contingents to South Africa to support the British in fighting the Boer enemy. While some questioned the justice of the conflict, the public reaction to the war was akin to a 'national insanity'. British victories in the first half of the war, particularly the relief of Mafeking in May 1900, saw noisy jingo crowds filling the streets of capital cities in celebration, resulting in public drunkenness and damage to property, behaviour typically deemed 'mad'. Colonial society, faced with increases in lunacy rates, was not only in the process of comprehending madness, but also ideas about Australian nationalism in the period approaching Federation of 1901. These factors, added to popular involvement in a British war in South Africa, shaped political, police and press responses to the new manifestation of jingoism. The press, a site of both the production and advancement of public conceptions of insanity, drew upon the social language of madness to communicate the acceptability or unacceptability of specific jingoistic behaviour. This paper examines the metaphorical use of mad vocabularies by the colonial press during this period to explore the 'arbitrary boundary' between madness and sanity in Federation era Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, Australia has taken several measures to tackle the increasing trend of energy use in residential buildings. Recently, the Trajectory for Low Energy Buildings has been endorsed aiming to reduce energy usage in residential buildings. However, the primary focus of this trajectory is on decreasing operational energy without considering the embodied energy of the building and systems. This paper aims to address one primary question; 'can the continued exclusion of embodied energy from the energy efficiency regulations effectively lead to reducing energy consumption in Australian residential buildings?'. The findings indicate that embodied energy becomes a dominating factor as buildings' thermal performances increase according to the Australian energy efficiency regulations. In transitioning from a standard 6.0-star building to a highly energy-efficient 8.7-star building, the proportion of embodied energy significantly increases from 20–40% to 50–75%. This study recommends establishing minimum mandatory requirements for buildings' embodied performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal-based experiences are a significant feature of the attractions profile of many tourist destinations. The koala is an iconic species that plays an important role in Australian tourism, both symbolically and materially. Due to the species being endemic to Australia and its human baby-like qualities together with numerous and long-standing representations in popular culture, the koala has become an integral component of Australia's destination identity and subsequently deployed by government and industry bodies to promote Australia as an international tourist destination. The koala continues to play a major role in a variety of tourist experiences, with captive presentations the predominant form of contemporary koala-based tourism. Drawing on Beardsworth and Bryman's (2001) four modes of engagement with wild animals and utilising a historical and socio-cultural analytical approach, the paper examines the involvement of the koala in tourism through (i) representation via texts and images, (ii) presentation through captive exhibits, (iii) quasification through museum exhibits, souvenirs and koala sculpture trails and (iv) encounters in the wild. Anthropomorphic renderings of the koala appear to have been important in the construction of the koala as a tourist attraction as well as in its continued symbolic and material involvement in tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences of children are notoriously elusive in the sources on which historians traditionally rely. This paper will discuss several projects in which Trove has expanded the history of childhood in Australia, uncovering a nation-wide trade in children through adoption advertisements, and enriching our knowledge of out-of-home care, and the many inquiries into its failings. Trove has democratised the practice of history – allowing care leavers and abuse survivors to research their own histories – and enabled new avenues for identifying microhistories. However, this article also argues that Trove-focused history without an understanding of context can be misleading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lacuna in the research about LGBTIQ+ people's relationships to family, and in particular, their experiences of family violence and how these experiences vary for people who also identify as culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD). In this paper, we explore the impact of the 2017 Australian Marriage Equality vote on CALD LGBTIQ+ people residing in Greater Western Sydney (GWS), which is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas of Australia, and where there was a significant 'no' vote. The 14-week campaign before the Marriage Equality vote resulted in significant social and individual trauma and damage to existing, fraught family relationships for LGBTIQ+ Australians (Ecker & Bennett, 2017). The findings from this research highlight that while CALD LGBTIQ+ people experience high levels of family violence at the time of coming out and during events such as the Marriage Equality vote, families are also an incredible source of support when CALD LGBTIQ+ are accepted by their families and wider communities. This paper documents the experiences of CALD LGBTIQ+ people's relationships and reports on the findings from a survey with CALD LGBTIQ+ people in GWS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and evaluates the application of an explicitly critical realist methodology to a quantitative doctoral research project on the causes of family homelessness in Australia. It is offered as an example of a critical realist approach to empirical research, in the hope that it will provide ideas and motivation to other scholars seeking a critical realist foundation to their research practice. The paper demonstrates the role of critical realism in informing and defining the analytical and theoretical approach I took. It shows how the philosophy influenced the foundations and practical development of my work. It describes the process of moving from empirical data to theoretical models by stepping through and describing each stage. Finally, I offer an assessment of how critical realism changed, enabled, improved, and liberated my project; that is, what advantage critical realism offered to explaining a complex social phenomenon and crisis in contemporary Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the expected results of the current COVID-19 outbreak to arrivals of Chinese tourists to the USA and Australia. The growing market share of Chinese tourism and the fact that the county was the first to experience the pandemic make China a suitable proxy for predictions on global tourism. We employ data from the 2003 SARS outbreak to train a deep learning artificial neural network named Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). The neural network is calibrated for the particulars of the current pandemic. Our findings, which are cross-validated using backtesting, suggest that recovery of arrivals to pre-crisis levels can take from 6 to 12 months and this can have significant adverse effects not only on the tourism industry but also on other sectors that interact with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airbnb is the most prominent example of novel peer-to-peer networks in tourism. This new form of accommodation provision may alter demand structures in tourism destinations and has led to uncertainty amongst established accommodation providers and destination marketers. To gain a better understanding of Airbnb adopters, this paper systematically compares actual travel behaviour of Airbnb users in a specific destination with that of visitors staying in traditional accommodation. Due to this controlled comparison, the paper is the first one to offer a robust comparative profiling of Airbnb users. The analysis is based on a logistic regression of data from the standardised International Visitor Survey for 2015 in Western Australia. Results indicate that Airbnb users in Western Australia differ from visitors staying in traditional accommodation, but that it might be wrong to conceive Airbnb adopters to be 'alternative tourists' beyond the mainstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warren Denning's Caucus Crisis (1937) is widely regarded as one of the earliest and most influential works of contemporary political history to be authored and published in Australia. This paper details how and why Caucus Crisis was written. It finds that Denning originally contextualised the travails of the Scullin government in an autobiographical history of Canberra in order to advocate for the ideals with which Canberra had been founded. It suggests that Denning's treatment of the Scullin government and his diagnosis of its problems reflected a personal disappointment. It also suggests that Denning's revisions, which largely excised these autobiographical elements, were motivated by a desire to depict the personalities as he had observed them first-hand, and thus produced a book indebted to dramatic tragedy, establishing a form prevalent in Australia today — where narrative drive is strong, characters loom large, and where action is tightly circumscribed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia is one of the most successful multi-cultural countries in the world, resulting from continuous immigration for the last 70 years or so. Australia is home for people from almost 200 countries with more than one in five speaking a language other than English at home. Some people arrive in Australia seeking protection from conflict in their own country. They may seek protection as a refugee and in the meantime live in the community while awaiting the outcome of their asylum request. Drawing on a story of one asylum seeker, this paper describes some of the key considerations required in caring for an asylum seeker who is facing the end of their life, making recommendations for addressing their often-complex care needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the application and interpretation of the common knowledge rule in common-law evidence jurisdictions in Australia in domestic violence cases. It explores the ways in which the rule shapes the kinds of expert evidence that are admitted in domestic violence cases. It considers the potential admissibility of social framework evidence on these different approaches and argues that statutory reform may be required in order to admit such evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy efficiency performance requirements of the Australian National Construction Code have been regularly enhanced since 2003 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2010 research has increasingly raised a concern about high air moisture content, moisture accumulation and mould growth. Coincidently, in Australia, asthma is the leading cause of disease in children aged 0–14 years, accounting for 17.9% of the total burden in boys and 18.6% in girls. Many researchers have supported a connection between damp housing and childhood respiratory symptoms. The contemporary code compliant houses in Australia may have inadvertently created ideal interior environments that promote mould growth. If the built environment is promoting mould growth, leading to sick building syndrome, it is a matter of serious concern, resulting from the design or technical flaws in the building fabric. This paper attempts to bridge the gap between architectural and medical science perspectives in this area of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a cornerstone of Australia's economy. As highly publicised bushfires rage throughout the country, it is essential to consider the effects of this crisis on Australia's tourism industry. This practical paper explores Chinese outbound tourists' responses to the catastrophe. Three themes (climate change and bushfires, coping strategies when travelling in bushfire areas, and concerns about news coverage of government's actions regarding bushfires) reveal how the disaster has influenced tourists' travel-related perceptions of Australia as an overseas destination. Findings offer new insights for tourism stakeholders in destinations experiencing disastrous events. Future research directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of what we know about sexual offenders and risk management is derived from empirical studies on sex offender populations in North America. In comparison to Canada and the United States, the evidence base in Australia on sexual offender risk management is under-developed. In this paper, we describe a current research project tasked with developing a national sex offender recidivism database to advance the evidence base in Australia. It is argued that a national database would advance knowledge and practice in the field of sex offender risk management in Australia in a multitude of ways. Yet there are many obstacles and difficulties in developing such a database. After putting forward a case for the need for such a database, we outline the issues we have encountered and the approaches we have adopted to develop this database. It is intended that this contemporary comment may not only alert readers to this emerging data resource in Australia but also function as a road map to guide future empirical research on offender population databases in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2013–2017 Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse found that children were abused in over 4000 Australian institutions between 1980 and 2015. The Commission referred at least 309 matters relating to abuse in Catholic institutions to the police. It is predicted that, in the coming years, older males will comprise an increasingly large part of the prison population in Australia. High increases are already being noted in one Australian jurisdiction, the Australian Capital Territory (the ACT). This paper provides a discussion on the current experiences of older prisoners in Australia and how agencies, such as corrective services, can best address the needs of this population in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our choice for care at the end of our lives is constrained by many factors, including the options available to us, our capacity to choose and the social structures that constrain our options and therefore our choices. Working with the interaction between personal agency and social constraints is a core public health activity. An intentional public health approach to palliative and end-of-life care can elucidate the direct relationship between our social circumstances and the quality of our end of life and uncover the implications of structural inequity for end-of-life choice. The approach reorients systems and settings to achieve accessible and equitable palliative and end of-life care for all, and identifies contributions that all jurisdictions, settings, organisations, sectors and communities can make to improving end-of-life care outcomes. Frameworks that support this shift in practice and policy are however in their infancy. Implementation frameworks that can structure and guide 'how' to translate public health palliative care concepts into sustainable practice are needed. This paper reports on an evidence-based Australian public health palliative care framework designed to achieve this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents findings from a recent study of the Anbangbang Gallery in the Burrungkuy (Nourlangie) site complex of Kakadu National Park, Australia. Using new technologies alongside established methods for rock art documentation, we discuss the complexity and uniqueness of Anbangbang Gallery as an icon of Australian rock art. We have taken a comprehensive approach to our investigations, deliberately linking new technologies and scientific analysis with other archaeological and anthropological research methods. In particular, using evidence from a detailed site recording, oral histories, and pXRF analysis, we explore aspects of the site chronology, the nature of painting activity, and the retouching and repainting of earlier imagery. The findings force us to rethink the existing interpretative narrative for Anbangbang Gallery, the motivations behind previously held beliefs relating to recent rock art, and the implications this has had for ongoing conservation work in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst advancing outcomes for young people transitioning from out-of-home care is a national priority, no synthesis of Australian interventions that support their transition from care and into independence currently exists. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to examine the characteristics of such interventions delivered in Australia and to evaluate their impact. Papers were included if they assessed the extent to which transitional support interventions, delivered in Australia, improved housing, employment, education, financial, health, or social functioning outcomes. Eleven studies were included. Interventions primarily adopted a case management approach to support care-leavers' transition. Interventions facilitated improvements in care-leavers' independent living outcomes (e.g., housing, education, and financial stability), but less so in health outcomes. This synthesis provides guidance for how research organizations in partnership with community service organizations and statutory services should develop and deliver interventions to support young Australians transitioning from care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family violence is a prominent public health issue in Australia, and in accordance with its gendered nature, women and children face significant risk. Knowledge of family violence is both multidisciplinary and continuously growing, yet explorations of the experiences of female 'perpetrators' remain limited. This article discusses research on the misidentification of female victim-survivors as predominant aggressors within the context of Victoria's family violence intervention order (FVIO) system, which was conducted through interviews with eight Melbourne-based legal practitioners. To date, understanding women's experiences of misidentification in the FVIO system has been left under-researched. Whilst there are multiple explanations for the misidentification of predominant aggressors within other jurisdictions, this paper is particularly concerned with the intersection between manipulative techniques employed by abusers and the FVIO system. The findings of this research suggest that male perpetrators may use the FVIO system to commit 'systems abuse' by encouraging police officers to apply for a FVIO against the genuine victim-survivor. It is argued that there is a strong need for a greater recognition of systems abuse within the police and the judiciary in order to prevent the FVIO system from serving as a tool of abuse readily available to perpetrators of family violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports how ‘invented tradition’ [Hobsbawm, E. (2012), Introduction: Inventing traditions. In E. Hobsbawm & T. Ranger (Eds.),The invention of tradition(pp. 1–14). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press] as a long-term process has contributed to Indigenous students experiencing physical education (PE) within Eurocentric curricula that largely ignores their own culture. The study was undertaken at three high schools within the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) which come under the remit of the ACT Education and Training Directorate. Documentary evidence was the main data source and figurational sociology was used to inform the study and analyse the data. Central to figurational sociology is the notion of the figuration which refers to how individuals are located interdependently in social structures characterised by relationships of power. Historical and contemporary documents were analysed using content and thematic analysis according to the premise that the document writers are themselves included in figurations and their inclusion or presence has to be taken into account [Dolan, P. (2009), Using documents: A figurational approach. In J. Hogan, P. Dolan, & P. Donnelly (Eds.),Approaches to qualitative research: Theory and its practical application(pp. 185–208). Cork: Oak Trees Press]. The paper identifies key events and long-term processes mainly linked to Australia’s colonial past that have shaped contemporary PE curricula. Despite intent within historical PE curricula to include Indigenous perspectives in PE these have largely not translated to actual teaching. The final part of the paper suggests additional research to find ways to embed these perspectives. This is important because current curriculum requirements at a national level emphasise these perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate about whether genocide took place on the Australian colonial frontier began more than thirty years ago and appears to have reached an intellectual impasse. How then did the debate begin in Australia, how did it gain traction and why does it appear more vigorous in Australia than in other settler societies? To explore these questions, this paper places the debate within a larger context, firstly by comparing the Australian debate with those taking place in other similar British settler societies and then considering the ways European historians have invoked genocide discourse to explore nationalist histories. In taking this approach the paper reveals the different ways genocide discourse has been used to make sense of traumatic pasts in different regions of the world and how it has become part of the discussions about national identity. Finally in an attempt to overcome the intellectual impasse about the genocide debate in Australia, the paper offers a few suggestions that may give historians of the colonial frontier a way forward. This article has been peer reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

When physical education (PE) teachers change their programs to incorporate something new, the process always involves some effort at interpretation and adaptation. The perceived benefits must outweigh the labour required to think through the possibilities and to then manage the political and logistical challenges that go hand in hand with achieving change of this magnitude. This paper tells the story of one such change process, which involved the interpretation by a small group of teachers in Finland of a set of pedagogical ideas and practices developed in Australia known as Creative Physical Education. The story involves a range of characters (including the authors) and conveys the struggles and successes experienced through the course of understanding and implementing something new, developed in a different country. Benefits accrue to this work, such as more creative thinking and a higher level of engagement in PE of a wider section of the student population, but they are only briefly mentioned in this paper, with the main focus being to convey and explain the program adaptations made, or not made. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The history of Australian feminism remains well known for the early success of white women’s right to vote and stand for election to federal parliament. Yet much less well known is the story of how, for much of the first half of the twentieth century, Australian women could be and were involuntarily stripped of the very nationality which guaranteed those political rights. This paper draws fresh attention to the story of nationality loss, demonstrating in particular the vigorous and sustained interwar campaign launched by Australian women activists to gain independent nationality rights. By highlighting the double layering of interwar Australian citizenship as a status located in both the British Empire and the Australian nation state, the paper argues for the critical impact of that layering on Australian women’s rights and activism. This article has been peer reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Despite their longstanding role in upholding heteronormativity, police forces are becoming increasingly concerned to publicly demonstrate their support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) rights. Far from an inevitable progression, this partial and uneven shift is the product of sustained LGBTIQ activism and advocacy with and against the police – much of it 'behind the scenes'. This paper draws on a selection of interviews with LGBTIQ activists in Australia who have focused on changing police practice. Collectively, their activism spans from the 1980s to the present day. It explores three issues that continue to impede LGBTIQ efforts to challenge the status quo of policing: the culture within police organisations; a policing agenda of crime control; and inequalities within and amongst LGBTIQ communities. The article argues that queer investments in policing are more nuanced, qualified and ambivalent than they initially seem. LGBTIQ activists working with police to reduce the harms of police practices appear to feel less that policing is definitively better and more that it could be worse. I thus use the term 'cynical pragmatism' to capture an affective orientation that informs LGBTIQ police reform work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distress and anxiety faced by young trans(gender) people generates varied social, medical, and legal concerns. In Australia, minors have had to appeal to the jurisdiction of the Family Court of Australia if they wished to undergo medical or surgical changes to their bodies in order to alleviate 'gender dysphoria' and affirm their gender. In approving almost every application to date and, most recently, dispensing with the requirement to seek Court approval, the Family Court has exhibited care, concern, and compassion when addressing anxieties faced by young trans people and formulating therapeutic determinations to relieve those anxieties. This paper maps out this affective terrain – the alleviation of anxiety and cultivation of care – by exploring key appellate Family Court decisions relating to young trans people made between 2004 and 2018. A queer engagement with Australian Family Court decisions enables us to consider the extent to which alleviating anxiety and cultivating care secure the wellbeing of young trans and gender non-conforming people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018 the conservative government in Australia yielded to a sustained campaign of public pressure to remove the goods and services tax (GST) on menstrual products. The campaign is regarded by many as an unequivocal success – an unjust tax was removed from a class of product purchased almost exclusively by women at a minimal cost to revenue. In the process it forced attention to women's bodies, women's rights and furthered the burgeoning menstrual rights movement. However, this article contends that this optimistic assessment is premised on an unduly narrow frame. A broader assessment of the relevant costs and gains of the campaign shows that the victory was neither complete nor costless. The narrow liberal concern of equal treatment on a single issue – the removal of the GST on menstrual products – left the underlying political and economic structures that subordinate women mostly unchallenged including in relation to key concerns of the menstrual rights movement such as the removal of menstrual stigma. Moreover, this singular focus on a narrow end through the pursuit of an anti-tax campaign runs the risk of undermining exactly the types of collective action required to address women's economic subordination within the tax and transfer system as well as the broader economy and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, there has been increasing concern about the high incidence of depression, anxiety, substance abuse and suicide amongst members of the legal profession. Although the factors implicated in lawyer distress are said to be both structural and individual, the overall tendency in addressing lawyer distress has been to focus on the individual. In other work, I have sought to show that this focus may be unfortunate, tending to render structural issues invisible and to pathologise certain responses and behaviours. My specific interest in this paper is the impact of unethical behaviours — such as bullying, discrimination and harassment — on wellbeing. The paper is written in response to three recent Australian reports which have found widespread incidence of such behaviours in legal workplaces. These are not the only reports to evidence the dysfunctional nature of legal practice in Australia; indeed, the problem has been described as ‘pandemic’. Although structural factors in legal practice, such as billable hours, heavy workloads and stress have long been implicated in the ill-being of lawyers, relatively little attention has been paid to the physical and psychological effects of unethical behaviours. Drawing from a considerable body of literature that examines the impact of such behaviours on the health and wellbeing not only of victims, but of perpetrators and third parties, I pose the question: is unethical behaviour in the legal services industry the elephant in the room in the wellbeing debate? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the invitation of the editors ofHistory AustraliaI have put together a commentary on papers from this symposium which offered, from different perspectives, a critique of my article, ‘Britishness and Australian Identity: The Problem of Nationalism in Australian History and Historiography’ published inAustralian Historical Studiesin 2001.2 The two papers in question are Marilyn Lake’s ‘British World or New World? Anglo-Saxonism and Australia’s Engagement with America’ and Christopher Waters’ ‘Nationalism, Britishness and Australian History: The Meaney Thesis Revisited’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction Research in palliative care (PC) is often regarded as challenging due to the vulnerability of the population and other peculiarities. We aim to systematically identify barriers to research in PC in the literature. Methods The electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE were searched for papers published in the last 25 years. Citations and then abstracts were screened for inclusion. Original papers were included on first-level analysis. On a second level reviews, reports, and position papers were analyzed. Papers containing a direct patient report were specifically analyzed. Barriers were categorized (ethical considerations, financial and time expenses, study design and methodology, human resources and politics) and results quantified. Results Twenty-one original papers and 65 other papers were included. Five studies involved patients directly, five were systematic reviews, three were study experiences, and seven were surveys or workshop reports. Most papers originated from UK, USA, or Norwegian Universities. Ethics and methods were the most often mentioned categories on both levels. Accrual, attrition, and gatekeeping were frequently named barriers. Complex invasive studies or possible side effects hinder patients' participation, as patients are often willing to participate for altruistic motivations. Discussion Barriers to PC research are ethical concerns and methodological challenges. Possible strategies to overcome methodological barriers include international collaborative efforts to include more patients and improve study designs. Ethical barriers indicate the need for patient involvement in the research development process and tailoring research specifically to the PC population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will consider ways in which students are constructed as aliens in health classrooms. Creating the classroom as a setting for health promotion requires closer attention to those who make use of such space. If classrooms are places where diversity exists and is recognised, then health educators are challenged to consider how students are positioned. Too often, students have been positioned as the 'other' and therefore subjected to accommodation and assimilation to dominant discourses of health. In what ways do students as 'aliens in the classroom' get the opportunity to develop health literacy as a way to speak for, to or from their 'other'/own space? Developing critical health literacy can help inform classroom practice in new, engaging directions. This leads, as this paper argues, to health education praxis - combining reflection and action for transformative purposes, for both teachers and students. Praxis offers both a philosophical starting point and a set of practical guidelines for how health teachers view and work with the aliens inhabiting the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historians and critics argue that a key characteristic of late twentieth century Australian regionalist architecture is the close visual connection it creates between the interior and the landscape. While various design properties are allegedly responsible for this connection, one of the most tangible of these is associated with the use of transparent and layered elements in a building's façade. Indeed, as exemplified in the work of Glenn Murcutt, the importance of façade transparency is a recurring theme in Australian architecture. But is it really that significant? In this paper, computational fractal analysis is used to measure the difference between the visual complexity of opaque and transparent depictions of façades. By comparing these two façade conditions, first in sets of elevations derived from 10 of Murcutt's houses and then in a detailed review of one of Murcutt's most iconic works, the Marie-Short House, this paper calculates the visual impact of transparency on the characteristic complexity of Murcutt's architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper was developed at the request of the Organising Committee for the 27th Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation International Conference, in Melbourne, 2013. Its genesis was as a feature forum, wherein a panel of curriculum experts were bought together to discuss the emergence of the Australian Health and Physical Education (HPE) curriculum. The title of the paper emerged as an alliteration of three panellist's first names beginning with the letter 'D' As well as this, the respective and collective expertise that Doune, David and Dawn brought to the forum covered the necessary depth, width and breadth to warrant the use of this multidimensional metaphor. While their collective experience with major curriculum reform is truly diverse and international, they had each worked together at various points of their esteemed careers. The presentation of this, somewhat unique, paper provides some rich insights into the opportunities and challenges that await the roll-out of the HPE curriculum across Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]