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Focusing on section I, 35 and I, 36 of Friedrich Nietzsche's Human, All Too Human, as well as other related works, this paper examines Nietzsche's evaluation of François de La Rochefoucauld's psychological observation in the latter's maxims. It argues that, in Nietzsche's view, La Rochefoucauld's perspicacity in detecting moral psychology is crystallized both in the form of maxim and the messages derived from psychological observation that are conveyed in the maxims. It contends that the readers' reactions to these maxims also render their passions and desires tangible and intelligible for La Rochefoucauld's and Nietzsche's observations of their psyche. Furthermore, by exploring Nietzsche's contrasting assessments of La Rochefoucauld's maxims, we can also illuminate his own theory of moral psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical theoretical approaches to the concept of recognition emphasise the Hegelian concept of a morally motivated struggle to obtain an identity that can be characterised as authentic. This paper takes the concept of a struggle for recognition, Erwing Goffman's concept of "passing", and the cross-disciplinary concept of languaging as its theoretical points of departure. Data from two empirical studies – one of children with cochlear implants in a school for the deaf and one of these children languaging with typically hearing peers – are presented. The data show that the deaf children in the mainstream kindergarten and school frequently display the behaviour that Goffman coined passing: they pretend to understand, strive to appear as if they were typically hearing, and deploy a range of strategies designed to conceal that they have trouble understanding their peers. Goffman's work on passing is combined with the data at hand in order to understand passing both as a challenging and exhausting activity and as a symptom indicating that the deaf children experience stigma in Goffman's sense. Passing can be understood as a struggle for recognition, but since passing is a strategy at odds with the idea of an authentic identity presupposed in Critical Theory, behaviours of passing might be understood as a moral problem that can be displayed and analysed in various ways. The paper concentrates on questions of what Axel Honneth calls "solidary recognition" and suggests that the methodological implications of the way that children's languaging practices are approached should be subjected to further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pedagogical benefits of the social media may be most pronounced when they impact groups of learners who are at a disadvantage in conventional face-to-face contexts. Among such disadvantaged groups are the deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) students who may experience new opportunities with the help of the social media. This paper stems from the assumption that social media can play an important role in enhancing the learning experience for DHH students. The paper presents evidence around derived from a systematic review of the literature on the use of social media by DHH students in educational settings. A comprehensive search through multiple known databases identified a dataset of 172 papers from which 11 papers met the criteria for in-depth analysis. The analysis revealed that DHH students often reported a positive impact of social media on their learning in the form of increased interaction, learning motivation, as well as support and feedback. Students also reported challenges such as privacy, time management, inappropriate content, perceived isolation and parental resistance to adoption. Besides presenting the evidence found in literature, our analysis highlights that researching the effect of social media on DHH student learning remains an under-explored area of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the adaptation of the World Café concept to engage with members of the public in Compassionate Communities Café Conversation, focussing on enabling people to understand the importance of thinking and talking about the end of life. The approach enables people to come together to share their experience and ideas, wisdom, worries, and wishes. The seven design principles of the World Café are central to the process, together with the sharing of resources developed to engage people in discussion as well as practical activity. This paper outlines the preparation, presentation, and pilot evaluation of the Compassionate Communities Café Conversation experience in two towns in the Mid-West of Ireland. The experience and findings suggest that this approach offers a potentially very useful framework for use by others as part of a health promoting approach to palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often hindered by their carer status as they seek to obtain and maintain employment opportunities. These parents can incur financial, social, and psychological distress related to their inabilities to commit to the demands of a typical work environment. This paper seeks to identify the course of employment for parents following a child's diagnosis. This paper also seeks to delineate factors that influence continued employment despite carer status, as well as the factors that prevent continued employment. A sample of 10 parents of children with a primary diagnosis of ASD and a sample of 10 parents of children with a primary diagnosis of ADHD were interviewed concerning their employment experiences before and after the diagnoses of their children. The interviews were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis and produced several discrete themes. Participants identified a desire for normality, as well as financial motivation, as the primary factors determining continued employment. These parents also reported various barriers to employment such as lack of availability of adequate childcare, colleague and manager misunderstanding, inflexible organizational policies, and inaccessibility of opportunity. These findings offer a qualitative overview of the vocational struggles of parents of children with ADHD and ASD while implying the necessity of support and education for this often-overlooked group of carers, as well as those who employ them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scholars have reflected on the roles played by psychology in tourism studies, there has been only limited exploration of the contributions of this discipline to tourism doctoral research. The aim of this study is to examine how psychology features in tourism-focused doctoral dissertations completed in the United States (US), Canada, Australia and New Zealand from 1974 to 2013. A content analysis was conducted on the 359 tourism doctoral theses identified during that fourdecade period as drawing directly on theory informed by psychology and/or employing psychological concepts. The results indicate that motivation/destination choice, tourist behaviour/experiences, and attitudes/satisfaction are the most prevalent conceptual themes studied and expectancy-value theory the most frequently-invoked theory by psychologyinformed doctoral research in tourism. Although collectively drawing on a wide range of methods throughout this period, an increase in the use of mixed and qualitative methodologies in recent decades was evident. This paper adds to a suite of studies exploring the scholarly contributions and trends in the application of psychology to the study of tourism. It serves to highlight gaps and avenues for further research, including the need for a more strategic and documented approach to the selection and application of psychology-informed theory, theoretical frameworks and models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies on parenting styles with children with disabilities exist; however, few investigate parenting styles of hearing parents whose children have a hearing loss. The aim of this review is to explore the limited previous literature on interventions targeting this phenomenon. Data was extracted from search engines, Ebscohost (Academic Search Complete, MedLine, PsycARTICLES, SocIndex, Greenfile, Masterfile Premier), Science Direct and Springer Link. Just five studies were found to address issues relating to parenting styles in this demographic, which is surprisingly few. Studies reviewed in this paper were conducted in the United Kingdom Israel, Germany and South Africa. These five articles describe interventions that provide hearing parents with specific knowledge and skills to parent children with a hearing loss. The findings of those studies are explained here, with the purpose being to provide direction for much needed further research into this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2008, Harry Mulisch’s novel Twee vrouwen (1975) was re-released, causing ripples in Dutch literary and social circles. A narration of both a physical and metaphorical journey, Mulisch’s text centres on the lesbian affair of his protagonist and the tragic trajectory of this relationship is revealed to take. Despite the novel’s continued critical acclaim, however, many early feminist contentions with Mulisch’s representation of lesbian sexuality continue to remain unresolved. The following paper will attempt to offer a new perspective on the significance of same-sex love within the novel, analysing the protagonist’s relationship with her female lover within a post-Jungian framework that charts the protagonist’s journey towards self-realization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper considers a certain genre of anti-racist solidarity — what I call simulations of lived experience – in order to critically examine the premises and pitfalls of such efforts. Two primary examples are examined: (1) a 2014 smartphone app called Everyday Racism, where users are invited to ‘play’ a racialised character for a week in order to ‘better understand’ the experience of racism; and (2) various iterations of ‘Hijab Day’, where non-Muslim women are invited to wear a hijab for a day. I argue that both examples, while well-intentioned, offer only a ‘thin’ version of the lived experience of veiled Muslim women and people of colour, failing to reckon with the epistemological and phenomenological complexity entailed in this embodied experience. Moreover, I argue that both proceed on the misguided idea that first-hand experience, rather than empathic listening, is generative of anti-racist solidarity, and in doing so, these efforts risk reproducing the very structures and habits of white privilege they set out to challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper provides a discussion of recent attempts in travel demand modelling focused on increasing the behavioural realism of choice-models. More specifically, the paper focuses on discussing the merits of four modelling approaches that have recently emerged in the field of travel demand modelling, and are either inspired by or adopted from recent advances in the broader behavioural sciences: i) latent variable models, ii) random regret minimization-models, iii) prospect theory-based models and iv) social network/group decision-making models. The potential as well as the pitfalls associated with these models, and with learning from the broader behavioural sciences in general, are explicitly discussed in light of the specific needs of travel demand modellers in academia and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores attempts to shape resilient personae through relations of self-government, and highlights the way that this features as part of advanced liberal forms of rule. As an example of this process, it focuses on the way that undergraduate law students are encouraged to fashion resilient personae throughout their legal studies, so as to avoid, or effectively respond to, experiences that may have a detrimental effect on their mental health. This paper argues that the production of such resilience relies on students being encouraged to take up psychologically- and bio medically-infused subject positions, becoming well-disciplined subjects, entrepreneurs of the self, and even virtuous persons. It highlights that the fashioning of resilient personae in this way involves extensions to the targets and practices of self government and reinforces advanced liberal government. The paper then suggests how insights into fashioning resilience in this context can inform further research on resilience, particularly resilience produced within criminal justice professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to present a theory of persons that is rooted in the way persons conduct their everyday lives. The approach and the key concepts in the theory are presented in the second, central part of the paper . This theoretical approach to personhood is unusual. Current research on personality recognizes that personality must be studied in the interplay between person-situation-behavior . In the first part of the paper I present some of the core issues in those studies. The theoretical approach aims at resolving these issues. These issues are one of the two major sources of inspiration for the theoretical approach. The other important source of inspiration are studies of psychological interventions. In the third part of the paper I present a study that illuminates how the theory may provoke and enrich our understanding of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing body of information and advice on offer for contemporary women travellers. Despite increasing academic research on the topic of women travellers, critical questions remain about how their travels are experienced and constructed. Addressing this gap, this paper uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyse two contemporary travel guidebooks aimed at the independent female tourist. Of particular focus is how the texts mediate women's travel and construct the 'female travel experience'. The central argument of this paper is that there exists a conflicting discourse in contemporary women's travel guidebooks: that of 'empowerment' versus 'fear'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing a phenomenological perspective, this paper examines how psychotherapists learn to become competent professionals. It argues that the study of psychotherapy is not merely learning to apply scientific rules to specific problems in practice; rather, doing psychotherapy may be compared with doing art. Based on seven interviews with experienced psychotherapists, the paper makes the claim that artistic competencies are similar to those learned in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is seen as revolving around the clients' narratives, and psychotherapists learn to take part in client's narratives. The results of this study and a theoretical discussion are used to argue that the relationship between scientific psychology and psychotherapy in practice must be reformulated, that practical psychotherapy rests on its own premises, and learning to practice psychotherapy has a broader scope than merely acquiring technical qualifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper covers the recent widening of options in human inquiry in general and in Tourism Studies in particular. It argues that, as the epochal unity of the Western worldview currently de-classifies around the world, so should the normalizations of Tourism Studies research. Comparing the strengths of postpositivist (i.e., neopositivist), critical theory, and constructivist research paradigms as identified by a host of lead social science commentators in Guba (1990), this paper highlights the mutual exclusives of the three approaches, but notes that what is believed to be the enhanced fit of the latter (‘constructivism’ or its cousin approach ‘constructionism’) for local and highly-contextualized investigations, particularly in scenarios where multiple ‘truths’ (i.e., worldviews) contend against each other. Thus, ten broad shifts are explained which are representative of art overall turn towards constructivist / interpretivist thought and practice which many observers maintain is currently in motion within the human and cultural sciences. The paper reveals that while the interpretivist or hermeneutical techniques of constructivism seemingly lack the orthodox elegance of conventional positivist / neopositivist ‘natural science’ approaches, they do appear more relevant for mapping the kind of contesting and changeable realities of the differing mixed social and mixed cultural settings which are increasingly encompassed ha encounters in tourism and travel. Yet the paper warns that there are inherent dangers in the precipitate non-critical deployment of constructivist lines of inquiry - a still adolescent approach to inquiry, as yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, some new ideas about how to learn about teamwork and leadership will be presented. The educational approach is based on the notion that fantasies come first, then facts. It is grounded in classic experiential teaching methodology but with the added dimension of merging exercises in management education with the narrative structure of folk tales and taffy tales. The experiences of teaching teamwork psychology described in this paper support the idea that learning by doing and learning by fairy tales offers a great chance of internalizing lasting knowledge that will affect the participants' Leadership and group performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many countries volunteers are playing an increasing role in nature conservation. Many factors have lead to this trend including reduced government budgets assigned for conservation and an increased awareness and interest expressed by each country's general population to contribute to environmental health and nature conservation. This paper utilizes descriptions of volunteers' experiences participating in Volunteer for Nature, a volunteer programme operated by Canadian conservation NGOs, which facilitates the participation of Ontario-residents' in 3 to 17-day working vacations involving habitat restoration and recreation infrastructure projects located in natural environments. This paper describes volunteer attitudes and values regarding nature, as highlighted through the description of their volunteering experiences and their characterization and perceptions of nature. Using a constructivist approach to data collection and analysis, the researchers found that volunteers conceptualized nature in four different ways: `nature in crisis,' `nature as it should be,' `nature as outside or something different,' and `nature as nurturing.' Volunteers' egoistic concerns centred on the self (e.g., my health, my favourite activity, my grandchildren), altruistic concerns centred on other people (society in general, people in my community) and biocentric or ecocentric concerns, centred on living things (e.g., plants, ecosystems, birds, the environment in general). While biocentric concerns were cited as important, they were not ascribed greater value than the egoistic or altruists concerns. The volunteer tourism experience generally failed to change the volunteers' perceptions of nature from an `external' phenomenon to an `internal' one, (i.e., changing treatment of nature as `other' to a more ecocentric approach, which incorporates nature into `self'). Implications for generating a pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours amongst citizens are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to present a study on the effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence (EI) training on the adaptive behaviors of students with intellectual disability. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental involving a pre-test, post-test design and control group. The sample consisted of 32 students with intellectual disability (14–18 years old) who were educable. The sample randomly divided into the experimental group (16 students which were randomly divided into two groups of 8) and the control (16 students) groups. The experimental groups had 22 sessions of EI training and the control group did not have any; during the intervention, they just had the regular school program. Results: The results showed that the intervention program had created a significant difference between the scores of the experimental and control group (P<.001) and the scores for adaptive behavior (P<.001), communication skills (P<.001) and social skills (P<.001) were increased in the experimental group, but this was not true for the daily living skills. Discussion: It seems that the Emotional Intelligence training program can increase the adaptive behavior and its components (communication and social skills) of students with Intellectual Disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined factors that influence the consumption of American television programmes among young Croatians, by conducting a paper and pencil survey (N = 487). The results indicate that young Croatians are avid consumers of American dramas and sitcoms, and that a set of cultural capital variables is a significant predictor of the consumption of American TV. Knowledge of English language, of US lifestyle, consumption of American movies and American press all had a significant unique contribution to the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The current paper describes the use of token systems in a behavioral day-treatment unit for severe challenging behavior using a consecutive case review spanning three years. Methods: Experimenters reviewed 96 patient case files, 24 of which implemented some token system as a component of the individual's treatment package. Aspects of each token system (including schedules of token delivery and exchange; inclusion of token training and response cost; and types of backup reinforcers delivered), and participant characteristics were coded. Results: Token systems were most frequently employed during differential reinforcement for alternative behavior (DRA, most commonly for compliance) or differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). Tokens were most frequently used in an instructional context. Several commonalities were identified (e.g. restriction of backup reinforcers between token exchanges and initial dense schedules of reinforcement). Compared to past reviews, this sample had an over-representation of individuals with challenging behavior maintained by escape, multiply maintained challenging behavior, and individuals for which the function was not identified in a functional analysis. Treatment packages including token systems resulted in a reduction in challenging behavior for 91.67% of participants, with 70.83% exhibiting at least an 80% reduction. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that token systems may be a beneficial component of treatment plans used to address challenging behavior. Some common components should likely be included in all token systems and specific client variables may guide decisions related to idiosyncratic treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers songs devoted to (and sung for) the football team AS Roma by its supporters. Some of these songs were written by the very famous Roman singer-songwriter Antonello Venditti, others by less famous authors and singers, and often simply by supporters, who created new lyrics to be sung at the stadium to the melodies of famous songs. Many of these songs can be described as love songs, suggesting that for many Romans there is no greater passion than that experienced and expressed for their football team. The article argues that Roma fans’ absurd passion for their football team has profound political implications. The act of assigning certain specific emotions to individuals and groups through football events and related cultural productions, such as songs, is dependent upon relations of power. Particular emotions are central to the identity of specific groups and communities, and therefore become, in a broad sense, political. This is especially true when they are performed in mass gatherings such as football matches and celebrations. Football emotions, and therefore emotional songs about football, therefore give body to political beliefs, identities and values. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Existing public administration master's degree programs face challenges of reduced federal funding, increasing competition among programs, and high student expectations of tangible career benefits. Student satisfaction is one characteristic of public administration master's degree programs that can help enhance the benefits of master's degree education and improve program quality. Student satisfaction in public administration graduate degree programs has not been extensively studied. Given this gap in the literature, the socialization experiences of students in public administration programs were studied. Approximately 500 current graduate students from various public administration master's degree programs across the nation participated in the study. Major findings regarding the predictors of student satisfaction are reported in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a shortage of published empirical studies conducted in acute inpatient stroke rehabilitation, though such studies are greatly needed in order to shed light on the most efficacious inpatient stroke rehabilitation interventions. The inherent challenges of inpatient research may dissuade researchers from undertaking this important work. Objective: This paper describes our institution's experience devising practical solutions to research barriers in this setting. Method: Through concentrated efforts to overcome research barriers, such as by cultivating collaborative relationships and capitalizing on unanticipated benefits, we successfully facilitated conduct of five simultaneous inpatient stroke studies. Results: Tangible benefits realized include increased effectiveness of research participant identification and enrollment, novel collaborative projects, innovative clinical care initiatives, and enhanced emotional and practical support for patients and their families. We provide recommendations based on lessons learned during our experience, and discuss benefits of this collaboration for our research participants, clinical staff, and the research team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to systematically examine and integrate existing evidence to determine what is known about deliberate firesetting by adults with low intellectual functioning. Method:A set of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and a comprehensive search strategy of electronic databases was conducted. Results: Twelve studies met the specified inclusion criteria. Seven studies reported psychosocial characteristics of firesetters and five studies investigated the outcomes of firesetter treatment interventions. Quality assessment indicated the included studies provided low quality research evidence with a high to moderate risk of bias. Conclusions: The existing evidence provides limited understanding of firesetters with low intellectual functioning and it remains unclear whether epidemiological factors, assessment and treatment needs differ to firesetters with average or above intelligence. The extent to which modified assessment and intervention is effective with this group remains uncertain. Further high quality research endeavours are required before robust conclusions about deliberate firesetting by adults with low intellectual functioning can be delineated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death was ubiquitous in the First World War but remained a difficult subject for Australian official and soldier artists alike. This article examines the techniques these artists used to create images that facilitated the public comprehension, understanding and commemoration of death. It outlines how soldier artists used their works on paper to contextualise and comprehend their actions for recollection at a personal level, occupying a space between personal and communal memory. Official war artists, meanwhile, engaged with death in the context of a nation-building cultural exercise, which informed the drawings created in the field and the final oil compositions of battle scenes painted after the war. While death was a definitive component of the art created, the depiction of the dead within the art was mediated out of respect for the dead, concerns for the bereaved and the personal sensibilities of the artists, with consequences for the continuing memorialisation of the war. This article has been peer reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In conceiving the built environment, designers are inherently involved in shaping spaces people will live in. On the assumption that their interventions in space affect people’s experience, many designers take up the responsibility to take people’s experience into account. However, given the diversity of people who interact with space, it is still a challenge for designers to anticipate the diverse experiences of future users. Building on designers’ challenge in anticipating experience, this paper discusses the particular design process of a man, diagnosed with autism, who aspires to capture experience in designing his own living environment. Although his structured sequence of well-reasoned design decisions could be read in the light of an autistic way of thinking, the story of the man himself offers a more nuanced picture of his design approach, which raises fundamental questions about issues that seem to be taken for granted in our own context of designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the effects of co-residence with elderly parents on gender differences in travel. The Household Responsibility Hypothesis (HRH) explains differences in the role of women regarding household responsibilities. However, research so far has studied "Western" household types while excluding households with coresiding elderly parents. Furthermore, research has paid exclusive attention to gender differences in commuting trips, and has neglected the effects of built environment characteristics. In view of these shortcomings, we pose the following research questions: what are the determinants o f gendered differences in travel behavior, and specifically, what are the effects o f elderly co-residence in households and land use on gender differences in trip frequency and travel distance? In addition to the HRH, we introduce the Elderly Co-residence Hypothesis, which suggests that co-residing elderly parents take over household responsibilities from adult women, resulting in diminishing gender differences in working-age travel patterns. We present the results of empirical research in Nanjing, China, that support this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing emphasis in tourism research on the role that tourism plays in enriching the lives of tourists, including impacts on health, well-being, happiness and quality of life. Tourism is increasingly being conceived as a necessity, rather than a luxury. This is especially so in the advanced economies of the world, but also increasingly in the emerging economies which have driven growth in international tourism demand throughout the recent global financial crisis. This leads to two interconnected issues: how to ensure that opportunities to participate in tourism exist for everyone in society, and whether access to opportunities can or should be considered a right. This paper discusses these issues by considering the position of tourism as a right and in the context of research on social tourism. It argues that tourism can be considered a form of social right, rather than a fundamental human right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the ways in which a selection of influential, middle-class women mourned their brothers' deaths through their writing. Some, inspired by the ghost of their lost brother, self-consciously set out to create and mould the written account of women's suffering in war; others were solely interested in the creative and regenerative effect of the dead brother's presence in their own work, sublimating their own guilt at survival into an impulse to write. Vera Brittain, Katherine Mansfield, Rose Macaulay, and Cicely Hamilton contributed in fiction and autobiography to what we might describe as a specifically female memory of the war, focussed through their depictions of their brothers' deaths. Their writing, particularly in Brittain's case, has played a considerable part in the formation of the sense of the 'lost generation' of the 1920s, which in turn has shaped later perceptions of the war. However, a detailed examination reveals that when these women's writings are read alongside each other, a more troubling and complex picture emerges-we find bizarre manifestations of guilt and grief, and a sense of a mourning that is forbidden and incomplete, revealing itself through hallucination, haunting, and possession. Their narratives speak of the very particular complexity of survival for women, who, in the post-war years, must somehow reconcile their mourning with their own continuing creativity and achievements in the space left by their lost brothers and lovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) has consequences at all stages of life, requires high service provision and leads to high health and societal costs. However, ID is largely disregarded as a health issue by national and international organisations, as are training in ID and in the health aspects of ID at every level of the education system. Specific aim: This paper aims to (1) update the current information about availability of training and education in ID and related health issues in Europe with a particular focus in mental health; and (2) to identify opportunities arising from the initial process of educational harmonization in Europe to include ID contents in health sciences curricula and professional training. Method: We carried out a systematic search of scientific databases and websites, as well as policy and research reports from the European Commission, European Council and WHO. Furthermore, we contacted key international organisations related to health education and/or ID in Europe, as well as other regional institutions. Results: ID modules and contents are minimal in the revised health sciences curricula and publications on ID training in Europe are equally scarce. European countries report few undergraduate and graduate training modules in ID, even in key specialties such as paediatrics. Within the health sector, ID programmes focus mainly on psychiatry and psychology. Conclusion: The poor availability of ID training in health sciences is a matter of concern. However, the current European policy on training provides an opportunity to promote ID in the curricula of programmes at all levels. This strategy should address all professionals working in ID and it should increase the focus on ID relative to other developmental disorders at all stages of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the daily, psychic journeys Indian call center agents undergo as they 'virtually migrate' between India and the US. A thin cable that runs half way around the globe bridges the 'here' and the 'there', connecting agents to faraway customers in real time. The new time-space relations generated by this virtual contact create conditions for these workers to undergo a global 'migration' from India and to America, even as their bodies remain bounded within the national homeland. To accommodate the US American workday, Indian agents often work the nightshift and sleep during the day, leaving them little time for family, friends, and cultural events. This temporal arrangement displaces them from the daily rhythms of Indian life, generating a sense of loss, longing, and nostalgia for 'India'. Further, while agents experience a sense of distance from India, they also experience a movement toward 'America'. Agents' accounts suggest a feeling of living between worlds, yet their movement is decoupled from physical migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competition is an integral aspect of many physical education lessons, and one of the central characteristics of units and lessons adopting the Sport Education model. Pedagogy has a key, yet under-researched, role to play in supporting students to develop social and emotional skills that will enable them to cope with situations in which they encounter failure in physical education and sport. This paper reports on research undertaken in a Singaporean primary school that explored the modification of the Sport Education model and utilization of pedagogical strategies to respond to students' limited skills and abilities to handle failure in the context of physical education. The study adopted a qualitative approach and used questionnaires, focus group discussions and structured observations to collect quantitative and qualitative data from students participating in the modified Sport Education unit. The discussion of findings focusses on the effects of confidence-building strategies on the students' emotional resilience in relation to failure and the pedagogical skills needed to facilitate this learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stories, in their natural setting, are vitally important to human understanding because they are the tools of wisdom. They are metaphorical because the situation in hand subconsciously triggers off a story reflecting a parallel understanding from deep within the brain that in its delivered expression provides a measurement stemming from and relating to judgement learned from accumulated past experience. While these stories could be told mainly for entertainment, their subconscious purpose is expression of truth through wisdom which, drawn from the past, is still paramount. Stories have been individually collected (or absorbed) for many years by orally minded people and stored in the subconscious brain. Being 'collected', as far as we are concerned here, is not the same at all as the process usually described, through which these stories have been taken from their natural setting in the oral society that produced and nurtured them (and in which they were used for their intended purpose), to be transcribed into 'visible' alphabetic code for relaying in written society for a different purpose than the original reason for which they were told. This paper proposes not to look at the visible items - the written stories - but to take a holistic view of the invisibles - the intangible understandings of the people and their society that go to produce the stories as well as the language and mindset of the teller and the inherited technique in delivery. Personal recordings of natural storytellers from East Anglia will be cited as typical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliography on different medical subjects is presented which includes research papers and journals such as "Disorders," "Archives of Internal Medicine" and "International Medicine Journal."

There is a scarcity of research on men's experience of bereavement (Reiniche, 2006), particularly in relation to qualitative research that focuses on the meaning of such an experience. This paper seeks to address this scarcity by presenting the findings from a phenomenological study of the lifeworlds of a small number of bereaved men. The study looked specifically at how the loss of a spouse influences men's experience of meaning, grief and loss. Three men aged between 32 and 54 years old who had all lost their partners to cancer between 3 and 7 years ago were interviewed. The hermeneutic phenomenological method of Van Manen (1990) was used to uncover three key themes, labelled grief and self-reflection, meaning of life and loss, and refiguring the life-world. These themes are discussed in the light of broader existential concerns and the extant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the science and mathematics achievements of 16 Year 9 students with hearing loss in an inclusive high-school setting in Western Australia. Results from the Monitoring Standards in Education (MSE) compulsory state tests were compared with state and class averages for students with normal hearing. Data were collected from three cohorts of Year 9 students across a 3-year period (2005-2007). Results from mathematics MSE9 and the MSE9 science assessments showed that the majority of students with hearing loss performed below the state average (88%). Findings in this study suggest that students with hearing loss demonstrated more mathematical strength in the areas of space and measurement, which use visuo-spatial skills. Results for students with hearing loss in the five sections of the science assessment suggest more consistency across the different areas tested in the MSE. Comparisons with the MSE9 English paper for the 2005 cohort of students with hearing loss suggest a strong relationship between reading and writing skills and performance on mathematics and science assessment. In particular, questions with high language content created difficulty. On the science assessment, questions requiring a written explanation appeared to be particularly challenging. These findings have implications for teaching and learning in these crucial areas for students with hearing loss in inclusive secondary school settings. Greater attention to the interpretation of the language of mathematics and to writing about science concepts may help to improve outcomes for students with hearing loss on statewide assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This piece outlines the opportunities and obstacles to the application of critical realism to the study of the self. Based on a recent seminar on the subject, the paper discusses a number of diverse approaches to the application of critical realism to selfhood, identity and psychology. It is argued that for the social sciences, the political dangers of essentialism in studying the self require clear explication of how critical realist approaches do not necessarily lead to reductionism or determinism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review essay critically reflects upon recent contributions that have been made by scholars to a growing body of research on photography, performativity, and affect. Focusing on recent work by Diana Taylor, Susan Ash, and Ariella Azoulay, this paper explores how affect can be understood in performative terms and suggests the problems and possibilities of using this kind of performance analysis to read affect in photography. This review includes a consideration of some of the central themes in performance studies research: the photograph as speech act, the intersubjective exchange between subject and viewer, and the use of photography as a form of participatory citizenship. In the process, it illustrates how the idea of performativity can reframe current discussions about the role that photos play in the production of civic responsibility and public action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review essay explores the sociality of photographic affect through an analysis of animal photography. It offers a social reading of Barthes's concept of the punctum by examining the importance of animality to the concept's formulation. Drawing on Jacques Derrida's work on animality as a key question in Western thought, the paper argues that Barthes's engagement with animality is not arbitrary and that thinking in terms of animality helps us to understand photographic affect as necessarily social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between international visitors' motives for choosing Mauritius as a windsurfing destination and the perceived risks with this adventure activity. Adopting a post-positivist approach, survey data were collected from 89 windsurfers at 'Le Morne'. The qualitative results indicated dimensions of risks and motives confirming other findings while the quantitative results showed merging of some dimensions reflecting the complexity of these constructs. 'Crowd' and 'Social and Location' risks were significantly correlated with motives of 'Learning', 'Personal Development' and 'Novelty and Fun'. Socio-demographics and windsurfing experience had some influence on motives but none on perceived risks except for nationality. The marketing implications are also discussed in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate and explore why education organised around production may seem meaningful to youngsters who are at risk with leaving the traditional school and educational system. Education organised around production is here defined as educational activities organised by the state authorities or other educational providers which take outset in producing goods to be sold to real customers outside the school. It is becoming increasingly important to consider learning arrangements for youth "at risk" because access to training and education is acknowledged as a key to ensuring social inclusion and increased labour market participation. This is particularly relevant for groups that have traditionally been excluded from, or marginalised in the labour market (Piercy, Murray & Abernethy, 2006). Based on a broader project conducted in Northern Jutland, Denmark, for "Youth at Risk", the case-stories of three young people (Ivan, Daniella and Lisa) are presented, evaluated and discussed. Their experiences of dropping out of secondary and vocational school, and in the cases of Ivan and Lisa, of taking part in production-oriented education, are analysed. The results indicate the importance of closely monitored teacher and/or adult support for students "at risk". Furthermore, the students' perceptions that problems are real, self-owned and authentic facilitate a more general theoretical discussion of learning opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the privileging of the material over the figural in the work of Judith Butler, which tends provide an absolute knowledge of what the body is, without considering whether there is a relationship between the two bodies. According to the author, this omission endangers not only the possibility of material bodies to survive by adhering to a politics of securitisation, but also promotes these politics in the production of knowledge about bodies within the academy. The paper also exposes how Butler shows that the bracketing of the one form of body over the other, the material over the figural or vice versa, is not sustainable.

Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime has earned widespread empirical attention testing the proposition that low self- control is the causal antecedent of crime and analogous behaviors. Research consistently finds that low self-control is a robust predictor of antisocial behavior. As a result, studies have started to examine other propositions stated in Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory. Even so, research has been slow to examine the stability of low self-control over different sections of the life course. The current paper addresses this gap in the literature and examines the stability of self-control from kindergarten through first grade. The results of our structural equation models reveal that low self-control is a highly stable trait (stability estimates range between .84 and .96) in early childhood. We conclude with the theoretical implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of role-structure, group constitution and effectiveness of task-groups. A total of 39 groups from different contexts are investigated and the results are discussed as aspects of group development and effectiveness. Predominant behavior of the groups studied is measured and analyzed using the SPGR {Systematizing Person-Group Relation) method. The construct 'group-constitution' is defined as the balance of four basic group functions and represents one of the measures of group maturity used in this study, Group effectiveness is discussed according to group purpose, group task and the context in which the groups operate, Implications of practical team-building are discussed. The results suggest that the purpose and constitution of a group should be carefully evaluated before team-building activities initiated. It is mandatory that the approach chosen for team building matches the maturity of the particular group. Creating more than superficial changes in group maturity requires considerable effort over a long period of time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite decades of research on parents' or other adults' mediation of children's television viewing, we still have a rather limited understanding of its potential to promote positive effects and prevent negative outcomes. One reason for this is that a consensus regarding the proper conceptualization of mediation has not yet been reached. As a result, the term has been used inconsistently and produced a body of literature that is difficult to synthesize. The purpose of this paper is to review how mediation has been regarded in past work and to develop a clear conceptualization of this construct. In addition, previous research on the effects of mediation is synthesized to provide a summary of its potential to affect children's reactions to television. Common themes, especially those relevant to explaining how mediation influences children, are identified and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of individual differences in cognition has been a sustained focus of many researchers in cognitive psychology. A number of theories have developed, among which is the Psychological Differentiation Theory of Herman Witkin and his colleagues. This paper explicates his theory, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of his constructs in relation to art production and art criticism, relates behaviors characteristic of his field-independent and field-dependent dimensions to artistic behaviors, and derives implications for research on artistic development from this analysis and from recent studies in art education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]