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It is well known that the British ended slavery in India. It is generally believed that they abolished slavery and freed all slaves in India by passing Act V of 1843. What is not known is that there were many cases even during the latter half of the 19th century in which people were living together in a relationship recognized by both sides as of master and slave. By the joint operation of Act V of 1843 and the Indian Penal Code, the British did not free the slaves, but merely deprived slavery of all its legal incidents and placed the slave in a position that he may be free if he chose to exert his will. These legal provisions were made so that slavery in India would wither away in course of time. The model of 'gradual emancipation from slavery' was developed by the British in response to the political exigencies they faced in India. This paper explores the evolution of the model in the Bombay Presidency with reference to cases of runaway slaves. It tries to show how the vested interest and political convenience of the British influenced the making of British policy towards slavery in the Bombay Presidency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land is an important resource available to urban areas serving the dual purposes of production of economic goods as well as creation of infrastructure, which in turn provides consumption benefit as well as serves as intermediary resource. The development of most of the cities is determined by the location and organization of economic activities on urban land. Land and housing markets are important means of ensuring this, so long that they function efficiently. This paper analyzes the determinants of land and housing supply in Mumbai first and then discusses the demand factors of the same. The institutional framework as well as the emerging patterns of land use and housing are analyzed thereafter. Finally, the underlying constraints for efficient functioning of land and housing markets are critically reviewed, so that the reform agenda could be drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]