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This paper summarizes some hot communication topics in the first half year in 2013 by combining academic views of some scholars. These topics include the reasons of network colony event, media mass try to adapt in network times, how journalists use SNS, the female gender of the mass media, analyze the report of national influence published by BBC, the situation of foreign investment in Chinese media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, network communication research became gradually popular along with the upsurge of new media. It has since turned into a new focus in the communication field. By studying network communication papers from 1995 to 2006, this paper makes a relatively objective quantitative analysis of present research and the latest explorations of network communication in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research focuses on four issues. First, researches on China's image becomes the hotspot again. The China's image in the eyes of westerners and westerner medias becomes multinational. With the development of new media technology, the construction of China's national image has raised new questions. Second, Many scholars think 2013 as the "big data year". The rapid development of big data is bringing this concept from the theoretical level to ordinary life. Third since the frequent sudden public crisis, the government image encountered an unprecedented crisis. The traditional media, new media and the news spokesman system combination interaction can shape the government image effectively. At last, Combined with the research about the concept of "citizen journalists", the research focuses the debate on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes some hot communication topics from January to February in 2013 by combining academic views of some scholars. These topics include the reasons for the failure of The Daily, big data and data mining, the transformation of newspapers and the two media markets in mainland China. The development of new media and the transformation of traditional media are always the topics that can draw lots of attention. The competition and cooperation between them can not only show the development of new techniques, but also play an important role in charging the habits of audiences, the mode of reporting news and some communication theories. More and more participation of pubic will bring much more challenges for the model of the guidance of public opinion in China. In order to adapt to the new broadcasting environment, the media needs more attempt and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ancient I Ching, the most revered and interpreted classic in China's history, has also been known for its complex and often incomprehensible contents. Yet, despite its highly symbolic, cryptic, and enigmatic character, the classic has enjoyed a global reputation and the admiration of a number of twentieth century poets and artists and Nobel Prize winners in science and literature. This paper, based on modern philological perspectives on textual analysis, as well as Chinese traditional hermeneutical methodologies, explores dialogical interpretive approaches adopted for comprehending the I Ching. It applies cognition and contextualization theories to the process of making sense of the classic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WeChat is one of the most popular social media mobile apps in China and has become an important means of online communication among Chinese both in China and abroad. Despite much research about WeChat’s uses and applications, few studies have examined the role of WeChat in international exchanges. This paper explores the functions of WeChat in Chinese exchange programs at a Midwestern state university in the United States. This project is a case study of one faculty member’s efforts to recruit international students and contribute to campus diversity with the support of her institution. Employing rhetorical autoethnography, the paper analyzes the author’s own communication experience with Chinese exchange students in 2016-2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic. Such communication initially took place completely online via WeChat and was later supplemented with face-to-face interaction after the students’ arrival in the United States. WeChat enabled the author to establish ethos, build identification, present multiple identities, develop rapport, and provide support. WeChat’s overlapping informative, persuasive, and supportive functions contributed to international recruitment and students’ cultural adaptation abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the functionality of mobile applications (apps) in flood disasters in China, their usefulness in flood emergency management, and their ability to enable coproduction between participating parties. By conducting a tri-fold analysis on twenty-three mobile apps used nationwide and within Zhejiang province during the 2020-21 flood seasons, this paper finds that mobile apps have established an interconnected, multi-layered, and multi-functional information infrastructure for flood emergency management in China. Mobile apps have the potential to contribute in their respective ways to the core elements and phases of emergency management. In addition, these apps are found able to create the conditions for coproduction across sectors, which was corroborated by some good practice examples from media reports. However, governmental apps are found less ready to engage in cross-sector coproduction although they show signs of cross-department coproduction within the sub-nation government units. It implies a tension between the current way the government facilitates mobile apps in emergency management and the citizen empowerment by the mobile apps. This research contributes to the fields of information and communication technologies (ICT), emergency management communication and collaboration as one of the few studies examining mobile apps in China from the standpoint of emergency management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the country became increasingly modernized prior to the war of 1931, both guoxue (国学, national studies) and women’s role within guoxue attracted great media attention in China. During this period, the mainstream media in modern China, the Shen Bao (《申报》), reported on women’s guoxue education and portrayed the image of women in guoxue. This paper analyzes the coverage of women's guoxue in the Shen Bao between 1900 and 1931 in order to understand how the image of women in guoxue was framed. It also explores the promotion of women's social status through guoxue and the challenge to mainstream perceptions made by women in guoxue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a hidden phenomenon presented by globalization, by investigating the paradox that seemingly arises from the popularity of an American television show in China. In spite of the show's open sexual innuendo, it is highly popular in China, with its famously asexual media content. What is the cultural effect, or paradox, in this instance, where a show that attracted public opprobrium for its sexual content in its sexually liberated country of origin (America), but becomes highly popular in a country known for its conservative public sexual morality? This paper examines this question by using the results of a qualitative focus group inquiry conducted among 31 Chinese college students (4 males and 27 females), aged 18-23. The findings indicate that participants loved the way the show portrays the dynamics of several levels of friendship, and found it instructive regarding the behavior between people of different cultural and socio-economic groups. Chinese participants found the sexual innuendo to be funny and somewhat daring, and liked the show for its liberal take on sex without the graphic portrayal of the act. The show's portrayal of relationships and friendship seems to be in line with Chinese philosophy, which emphasizes relationships. The presentation of sex in the show also appears to be in line with the asexual portrayal of love relationships in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It became imperative to deepen our understanding of marketing strategy and its formation in the digital era (DE) because the technological revolution has changed the nature of marketing. Based on 15 semi-structured interviews with marketing managers in China and France, this paper explores how the formulation of marketing strategy from the deliberate, emergent and strategy absence perspectives, and how it differs between France and China. We have identified eleven strategic dimensions by using grounded theory methodology (i.e., three dimensions inherent to French management, three dimensions inherent to Chinese management, and five common dimensions). The findings suggest the benefits of going beyond the dichotomies of deliberate/emergent and/or strategy absence. Rather than adopting an either/or approach, marketing formation in the DE is a dynamic process of balancing between those three approaches in a multidirectional movement. Furthermore, this paper reveals the convergence and divergence between France and China in terms of marketing strategizing in the DE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the celebrity divorce case of Leehom Wang and Jinglei Lee, this paper adopted gender schema theory and digital feminism framework and conducted a qualitative content analysis of the online discussions of the role of housewives and gender issues in Chinese society. The research found that although feminism has been prevalent in China with the impact of globalization, women still face structural oppression and constraints as well as a double burden regarding their various roles in families and communities. Although the social institutions have created barriers and obstacles, information technology and social media provided platforms and opportunities for women to express their feelings and opinions, inspire and support each other, and raise public awareness of the deep-rooted gender issues in Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents present economic and foreign policy of the People's Republic of China (PRC). However, while the BRI provides the PRC a great potential for its national development, it also causes uncertainty, anxiety, and criticism from other countries. For years, research has been examining the BRI from economic, foreign policy, political, or military perspective, very few of them explore it from the perspective of intercultural communication. Because the BRI itself is a process of intercultural communication, this paper attempts to examine it from five perspectives of intercultural communication, including cultural values, intercultural adaptation, intercultural relationship, cultural flow and media, and intercultural communication competence. Finally, two concepts, i.e., Chinese "World View" and "China Model", related to the BRI and the future of the BRI due to the impact of COVID-19 are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the leadership characteristics suggested by Chinese military philosophical classics and uses them to analyze modern war-like circumstances, in particular natural disasters. The paper is divided into two sections. The first section identifies the leadership guidelines derived from Seven Military Classics. Then, these leadership insights suggested by Chinese military philosophy are applied to four cases of natural disaster in order to enhance the intercultural comparisons of governmental crisis management. The four cases are: (1) Jiji earthquake of the September, 1999, in Taiwan, (2) Hurricane Katrina that struck Louisiana in the United States in August, 2005, (3) the May 2008 Sichuan province earthquake in China, and (4) the 2011 Tohoku earthquake of March, 2011, in Japan. The related statements and actions by national leaders during the above disasters immediately after the natural disasters are analyzed to examine the leadership characteristics recommended by ancient Chinese military philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet has developed rapidly in China in the past decade. Despite WeChat's immense popularity and media coverage, few scholars have studied the new social medium's communicative functions among midlife adults. This paper examines the ways in which WeChat provides new means of communication, bringing Chinese in China and abroad together in an unprecedented way. Specifically, the paper analyzes the online discussions in four alumni groups and posts by 27 group members. The research finds four recurring themes: promoting status, sharing memories, forwarding information, and organizing activities. Such a study calls for conceptualizations of Chinese social media use and reveals the declining efficacy of official rhetoric in China's new era of mobile technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how the internet changes the way we deal with and plan time in Germany and China. It looks at culture and media theories of temporal change from Germany and China, differentiates these according to micro, meso, and macro levels and integrates them in a micro-meso-macro-model. We consider network, connectivity, acceleration, and mediatization theories, and place particular emphasis on the effects of social media, online journalism, and algorithmic intermediaries. We then inquire in which ways the sub dimensions of the nine-dimensional construct 'temporal understanding' change through internet-mediated communication. Findings suggest a temporal homogenization in both countries laid out as Meta trends: The focus on the 'future' is reduced, 'present' focus increases and the 'past' fluctuates paradoxically between decrease and increase. Moreover, 'fatalism' and the 'pace of life' increase and with it 'interacting experience (polychronicity)' and 'future as trust-based interaction', with the last sub-dimension only increasing in China. 'Instrumental experience (monochronicity)' and the 'future as planned expectation' decrease. These Meta trends encompass inconsistencies and paradoxical notion and move past binary classifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global endeavor for sustainability big international corporates often play an ambiguous role in regard to the local environment they transpose to. This paper will take BASF as a specific case study and look into the process as to how the foreign sign gets translated into the Chinese semiotic system, and how such media translation affects the way people perceive, receive, and react to the real or imaginary environmental concerns. In addition, with semiotic phenomenology as its research methodology, the paper examines the need for translation from the perspective of the addresses to infer to the creative nature of such translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper unpacks the communicative constitutions of resilience and sustainability in global communication through research exemplars that address grand challenges for engagement of new generational workforce, better inclusion of professional immigrants, sustainable organizational development and leadership, and infrastructure design for global water supply and safety. Specifically, we discuss how resilience emerges in communicative processes whereby (a) Chinese Post80s workers construct career discourse to contend with changing global and local career dynamics; (b) immigrant professionals in the United States negotiate identities and deal with tensions in everyday work interactions; (c) NGOs in China employ alternative logics to do the needed human service work and promote democratic practices; (d) Chinese Banks actively frame their leadership to contribute to productive action and national resilience; and (e) design team members in Ghana shift expertise and identifications in human-centered design for water safety. Guided by communicative theorizations of resilience (Buzzanell, 2010), this paper contributes to greater understanding and development of sustainability and resilience for self and others, now and in the future, and in local through global contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of a solar photovoltaic (PV) distributed system is not only a technological advancement and economic trend, but also a cultural phenomenon. In addressing the following four perspectives: 1) the spread of sustainability concepts; 2) current Chinese architectural practices; 3) centralized vs. distributed energy structure; and, 4) the trade wars among several Western countries and China, this research bridges the gap between cultural discussions and technology adoption, especially in the solar PV field. Specifically, this paper demonstrates culturally driven practices in China and their implications for a solar PV distributed system adoption. This paper then applies Hofstede's six dimensions of national culture to further demonstrate the opportunities and challenges associated with the adoption of a solar PV rooftop system. Implications suggest that cultural factors are the enablers and disablers for PV adoption, an observation that policy makers should consider in order to develop better strategies when engaging in cross-cultural discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the limited media coverage on the aborigines living in the mountains who were victims of heavy rainfall and other unusual weather phenomena caused by global warming. This study investigates the TV news coverage on Typhoon Morakot, which ravaged Taiwan in 2009, and found extensive TV media reporting on Taiwan but failed to indicate that up to 80% of the victims were aborigines. Based on content analysis, this paper approaches to identify the logic of the media coverage of the catastrophe. This paper also includes indepth interviews to understand the situation as recounted by aboriginal survivors. The purpose of this paper is to raise concern towards the relationship between aborigines and future disaster coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the interconnectivity between Chinese society, the news media discourse around twochild policy, economic and population growth, and health care services. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on 78 two-child policy-related news stories, mainly published by three Chinese mainstream media houses. The results show that mainstream news media houses present the social notion of two-child policy by addressing the advantages of economic and population growth, shedding light on health care services for women, and expressing concerns for women in the career market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines media presentations in the People's Republic of China (PRC) of PRC-Taiwan marriages or 'cross-Strait marriages' (liang'an hunyin) as they are known colloquially. The paper is presented in three sections. First, it outlines the political history of cross-Strait relations from 1949 to the present, from overtly confrontational politics to the normalization of economic and trade relations, and its influence on growing rates of cross-Strait migration and marriage. Second, it analyzes print media coverage of cross-Strait marriage from the 1990s to the present, tracing a shift from concerns about the disadvantaged and marginalized position of 'mainland [PRC] brides' living in Taiwan to positive stories about their desirability, and of a reversed migration trend wherein many Taiwanese now live with their PRC spouses in the PRC. The third section discusses presentations of cross-Strait marriage in PRC television documentaries, focusing on Yuanfen, a documentary series shown on Channel 4 of China Central Television Station from 2006 to 2009. These documentaries offer new constructions of cross-Strait marriage, emphasizing the desirability of the 'contemporary mainland bride', who offers their Taiwanese spouse love, support, and the opportunity to live and work in the PRC -- the new land of opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, using recent official documents including Confucius Institute Development Plan, 2012-2020 as a text, examines the strategic goals of Confucius Institute and the methods it has applied to its global expansion. Commonly regarded as a projection of China's soft power, Confucius Institute has been successfully implemented the concept of public diplomacy. In the next few years, the institute aims to achieve its ambitious objectives of integrating professional training into language training and establishing global Chinese language testing and certification mechanisms. The paper argues that language instruction, testing, certification, and other derivative language and cultural products can be a lucrative industry and bring considerable economic gains to China. Soft power of Confucius Institute will be supported by potential billions of dollars of revenue it can generate in a decade to come. Confucius Institute is part of China's century-old dream to re-emerge as a world's power. It is China's contribution to the "Chinese Century." Above all, it may be China's new source of economic growth. [China Media Research. 2014; 10(1): 29-34] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from a historical perspective, this paper dialectically explains the theoretical approaches of how to redefine "public service" for China's broadcasting system. The paper argues that on the one hand, it is impossible to merely employ a neoliberal market theory to analyze the "success" of the marketization of China's broadcasting sector in the wave of "cultural industries" development, because of both the indifference of a comprehensive examination of the dynamic experiences of China's broadcasting development and the insensitivity of the reality that only relying on its ideological shelter can the broadcasting system sustain a monopolistic position in the market; on the other hand, the indigenous developmental path of China's broadcasting system has always been a driving force in shaping the market-led reform, such as the "bottom-up" four-level building of cable television network and the relatively low cost of accessing broadcasting service as a kind of the socialist state's welfare for Chinese household, which underpins the multifaceted processes of the reform. In pursuit of a sustainable development in future, the paper emphasizes the necessity to redefine "public service" and argues that a couple of strategic actions should be made by China's broadcasting system in rapid transformation, namely providing universal service with low cost, balancing the enlarging communicative gap between social classes and different regions, and being consistent with the state's socialist ideologies and the government's claims of serving the people. The case of China's digital switchover -- digitizing cable television network, which started since 2003 -- will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese Digital communication is an important part of the culture. Finding the truth or profound Dao contained in a digital figure was fashionable even in the history of social life and communication in China. Each figure has special and rich meanings. Oneness could contain unity, originality, simplicity, exclusivity, retention of essence, streamlining, consistency, harmony and many other characteristics of Chinese culture. The author has written a series of research papers, including this one, on the application of digital in traditional Chinese communication, and its profound influence to this day. The present paper mainly discusses how in China the principles of Oneness were used in historical national communication, retention of the essence of communication, and communication harmony between heaven and humankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the coding and decoding mechanism in the naming of the Confucius Institutes in Indonesia, figuring out the reason why Confucius Institute was stunted during its first few years in Indonesia. The paper highlights the function of common reference codes in the dialogue of civilizations, and offers advice on the development of Confucius Institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turn of the century saw new trends in China's foreign affair policies springing up. Rebuilding its humanitarian cause, promoting economic diplomacy, cultivating cultural and citizen diplomacy, China seemed to run its soft power programme in Africa on the fullest and most comprehensive scale, yet it still takes the engagement of Chinese society to eventually exercise the "soft power". In the process of engaging public, media play a central role, which is what this paper examines. It begins by summarizing various aspects of China's involvement in Africa in relation to value sharing and co-identity building, followed by a textual analysis of how Chinese media ignite the imagination of Africa for their audience. The paper concludes that media seem to be the pivotal connection between the Chinese public and Africa. More than obvious governmental directives are behind the media's initial interest in African issues, while the media narratives are driven by different forces and meant to meet various needs and demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model of intercultural adaptation of volunteer Chinese teachers in Confucius institutes. Three dimensions of the model, namely, individual: personal adaptation; in-group: organizational coordination; out-group: language teaching, are defined. This paper argues that volunteer Chinese teachers' adaptation have its own characteristics. For them, language teaching adaptation is not only a working task but also an outcome of intercultural adaptation. This paper indicates that volunteer Chinese teachers' adaptation is not easily accounted for in traditional perspectives on adaptation and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent literature describes the rise of Chinese internet cultures with norms of political discourse different from ones typically associated with Chinese state and society. These studies of Chinese on-line communities pose challenges for prevailing internet scholarship in international relations. This paper follows literature that argues such incongruity is due to a theoretical framework employed by the existing international relations scholarship that uses conceptions of unitary states and societies, and that the behavior of Chinese netizens may be better addressed by an alternative theoretical approach that describes on-line communities as cultures. The paper is an epistemological argument for the relevancy of the universalist-relativist ethics discourse as a culture-based approach to study the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend of globalization has led to a strong demand for the culture-specific or emic approach in scholarly research. It is the purpose of this paper to provide an opportunity for scholars to have their voices on the issues of indigenous scholarship. The paper consists of four essays examining the theme from four aspects, namely, the centrality of culture and communication, the Asiacentric communication paradigm, the development of Chinese communication theories, and an indigenous view of the study of resilience. It is hoped that the paper will contribute to the better understanding of indigenous scholarship and further provide a possible direction for the future investigation in this line of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many historians and journalists believe the South China Morning Post was founded to promote ideas against the monarchy in China. However, a closer look into the content, management and readership in the Post's early years reveals that the paper did not intend to be a vehicle for the promotion of revolutionary ideas. It was more likely that the paper was founded as a pure business venture. Early board members were more interested in creating a quality paper with a neutral standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By examining women gymnasts' bodies in the Beijing Olympics, this paper aims to do two things. First, it will aim to fill in a void in the literature of Chinese Studies and Communication by looking at Chinese press coverage of Chinese athletes. Secondly it will illustrate and critique how women's bodies are used to achieve nationbuilding. The paper works to reach these goals and to challenge existing knowledge about Chinese women's bodies and women athlete's bodies by employing a Third World/transnational feminist perspective. [China Media Research. 2012; 8(3): 72-80] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore challenges and conflicts facing China's regional broadcast companies from an interdisciplinary perspective, combining approaches from the political economy of media studies and organization strategy. It explains how encroachment of transnational media corporations and the process of marketization in the 1990s led to changes in the structure of Chinese media organizations. The Chinese government has responded to these challenges by consolidating its broadcasting industry and integrating the country's fragmented television markets. First, the paper reviews relevant literature about structural reform of the Chinese broadcasting industry and media corporations' diversification strategy. Then, two major theoretic frameworks that shaped this study are discussed. Finally, the paper outlines the organizational structure of Chongqing Broadcasting Group and its strategy to reduce environmental uncertainties from a resource-dependence perspective. [China Media Research. 2012; 8(3): 11-23] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a case study, this paper explores the role of new media in improving Chinese civic engagement. It first presents two major problems facing Chinese civic engagement: civic disengagement and civic disorder. These two problems seem mutually contradictory but factually share the same roots. This paper analyzes their shared roots in terms of information flow, participation channels, and participation motivations. Then the potential of new media in addressing the problems is discussed, and the role of new media in improving Chinese civic engagement is illustrated in the case study on the Xiamen PX Event. A brief summary and discussion is finally offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s, the exponential increase in usage of new information and communication technologies has necessitated the worldwide governance of Internet through globally consensual institutions and regulations. Meanwhile, the past decade wit nessed China's rise not only as an economic and political giant, but also as a great power in Internet infrastructure and technology that bred the biggest population of netizens and established the most sophisticated Internet control system. Previous studies always focused on the impacts of Internet development on domestic politics (democratization) and diplomatic affairs (public diplomacy) in China. This paper explores the other side of this issue: how did China's economic, political and technological rise affect the development of global governance on the Internet? More specifically, this paper will analyze the impacts of China's rise on three aspects of Internet governance: technical standardization, resource allocation, and Internet-related public policy. Several empirical cases, such as the internationalization of WAPI standard and China's struggle over Chinese language domain names, are investigated. It argues that China has exerted, and is exerting, challenging or even overturning influences upon the US-centric regime in aspects of technologies, institutions as well as social norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chapter discusses the perceptions of Chinese scholars and foreign correspondents based in China on the western media coverage of China in 2008. This was done through the use of second-hand data and interviews. The paper summarizes Chinese perceptions of Western media coverage by examining papers and articles on media coverage in 2008 of three news events in China: the Tibet riots, also known as 3x14 Event in China, the Wenchuan Earthquake, and the Olympic Games (all of which took place in 2008). Perceptions were analyzed in terms of their topic relevance, attitude, general tones, method used as well as tension perceived. The paper then compares Chinese perceptions with perceptions from 12 western correspondents in China based on an interview conducted in 2008. Finally, the paper offers an assessment on Western media coverage in 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beijing Olympic Games is not only the large-scale international sport event, but also a way for the world to know about China. Although the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games have been held, the research of Western Media news framework on Beijing Olympic will help to know about Chinese National Image Communication nowadays. Moreover, it will also help to think about how to broadcast Chinese National Image after the Beijing Olympic Games. For these purposes, the research focused on the news framework and national image by analyzing the Beijing Olympic reports of New York Times and The Times. Using content analysis, the article analyzed the characteristics and cause of the news frameworks in order to provide a solution for Chinese National Image Communication. After research, this paper found that New York Times and The Times both have 12 news frameworks to coverage the Beijing Olympic. They both paid high attention on the "Olympic framework", "Tibet issue framework" and "Human Right framework". As these two newspapers still have different background and media concepts, they paid different attention to some news frameworks, such as "Darfur framework"and "Media Freedom framework". In addition, this paper also analyzed the people who talked about their opinion in the news and found that officials and non-governmental organizations have more right to speak to media. After analyzing, this paper found that both newspapers' frameworks were affected by the impact of political and ideology system, national and interests' groups, media characteristic and the thoughts of Cold War. In order to broadcast Chinese national image, the paper designed a Chinese National Image Communication Model which was inspired by Gruning's mixed motive model. On the one hand, the model lets western public know about China through the effects of Chinese government, Chinese media and Chinese opinion leaders. One the other hand, the model lets China know about west by knowing the characteristics of western public, western media news frameworks and western opinion leaders. Using these methods, China can eventually establish a good national image in the world by pushing China and west to the win-win region. [China Media Report Overseas. 2011; 7(4): 38-49] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on survey of 16 Confucius Institutes in five countries including the United States, Japan, Russia, Thailand, Lebanon, this paper found that: The current Confucius Institutes worldwide have achieve a certain spread of results. But different levels of Chinese culture are quite different in the results of dissemination, Chinese culture in different cultural spheres, especially the Confucian cultural spheres and non-Confucian cultural spheres, are quite different in the results of dissemination, even there are large differences between countries. This paper suggests further that for non-Confucian cultural nation China's material culture should disseminate first, and behavior culture and spiritual culture can be temporarily put on hold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the indigenous Chinese concept keqi in interpersonal interactions. Keqi is interchangeable with politeness when it refers to mannerly, pleasant, and civil communication. The Chinese view politeness as exercising a normative function in constraining communicative behaviors. This paper explores the historical development of keqi, the reasons why Chinese engage in keqi behavior, contexts and strategies of performing keqi, and how social distance and power influence keqi performance. Implications for effective intercultural communication are discussed. The negative connotation of keqi is also discussed by the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to resolve uncertainties over the theorization of guanxi (relationship) in general and renqing (favor) in particular from the perspective of strategic resource management. Ten characteristics of favor are delineated. Renqing, a form of psychological contract between and among contending people in a relationship or a conflict, is viewed temporally along a continuous and long-term axis. Favor is a temporally stable resource exchanged between persons or shared by multiple constituencies within a certain guanxi. It is thus cumulative and collective in nature. Moreover, favor practices, coupled with other guanxi-related practices, are commonly utilized as resources in social exchanges to alter the power balance in a negotiation, conflict, or other context of resource allocation. Such continuous exchange of renqing is inherently connected to reciprocity, and the debt of favor that accrues between people in such situations is difficult to calculate or ever fully pay off. This paper concludes with directions for future research after making a case for more culturally sensitive perspectives in communication and management scholarship (Huang, 2010). The ultimate goal of this paper is to explore the ways in which guanxi and favor practices can advance our understanding of the complexities of communication and other social phenomena in the twenty-first century (Gold, Guthrie & Wank, 2002). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to summarizing the content of the ten papers, this introduction paper focuses on the discussion of three issues that are related to the key concepts of Chinese communication examined in this special issue, namely, the trend of indigenous communication studies, harmony as the foundation of the paradigmatic assumptions of Chinese communication, and the pitfall of Chinese communication studies. In the conclusion, the author warns that when dealing with the localization of scholarship, scholars have to consider three directions for future research in this line of study, including culture changes over time, the potential problem of dichotomy, and the universalization of local concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, from foreign communication's position, takes search engine into communication perspective, and gives it doctrinal concern. After analyzed the importance of search engine's recommended function, paper list the sample of it, especially those search results related with P. R. China and United States of America, to testify paper's viewpoints - - that is, United States of America has had the trace in employs search engine's recommended function to guide international voice. Then, paper, also, reasoning whether search engine's recommended function can work in guiding international voice. Finally, paper reinforces the importance of search engine in foreign communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarly interest in Jurgen Habermas's work has been growing in China for some years. Mostly, this interest is reflected in studies of the concept of the political public sphere. These studies ask whether the kind of political speech enacted in the public sphere is relevant to the context of Chinese society and history. This paper inquires into the relevance of the category of the public sphere for analyzing cultural change. The public sphere is connected with two other categories, i.e. the lifeworld and lifeworld colonization. First the public sphere is treated as a space not only for discussion of political matters but also for discussion of cultural norms and preferences, as a space for the society to reflect on the values of a Harmonious Society. Second, the colonization thesis holds that market forces can have a corrosive effect on culture if markets are not adequately managed, leading to alienation, anomie, and cultural impoverishment. In Habermas's view these problems are already advanced in America, Germany, and other Western societies. The paper concludes by suggesting that the threat of lifeworld colonization should perhaps be monitored and analyzed in China too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fatal fire in Beijing's Lanjisu Internet café in June 2002 raised nationwide concern about the country's burgeoning Internet cafés. This paper revealed China's ambivalent attitude toward Internet cafés after the fire: on the one hand, the public, especially the parents, became irritated with problems surrounding Internet cafés such as Internet addiction, physical safety, and online violence & pornography; on the other hand, people recognized that Internet cafés made great contributions to the popularization of the Internet as well as the advancement of social and economic well-being in this country. An important question thus was how the Chinese governments responded to the problems caused by Internet cafés. Through a general review and two case studies, this study found that after the Lanjisu fire the governments executed tighter control on Internet cafés nationwide. Furthermore, this study found that multiple government agencies were involved in the establishment of the national and local regulatory regimes; and that various regulatory measures were employed, including the chain-store management model of the Ministry of Culture and the Joint Committee regulatory system of the Shanghai municipal government. While the former measure largely failed, the latter one arguably produced better results. This paper discussed the implications of such regulatory mechanisms as well as the direction of future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asserts that existing studies on U.S. Internet companies in China fail to acknowledge that technology is developed in a political economic context; that laws are drafted to consolidate the dominant groups; that nation-states are not the only primary actors in international negotiation; and that commercial information is valuable to Internet companies. This paper aims to redefine the "Google in China" question by examining how the Internet was developed in the U.S.; how the Clinton Administration and U.S. high-tech industry lobbied for trade with China; and how Google strategized for the China market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asserts that existing studies on US Internet companies in China fail to acknowledge that technology is developed in a political economic context; that laws are drafted to consolidate the dominant groups; that nation-states are not the only primary actors in international negotiation; and that commercial information is valuable to Internet companies. This paper aims to redefine the "Google in China" question by examining how the Internet was developed in the US; how the Clinton Administration and US high-tech industry lobbied for trade with China; and how Google strategised for the China market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives a description and analysis of two recent Nike advertising campaigns in Shanghai, China. Located in conjoined visual space, the two ads form a dialectic that increases the effectiveness of both ads. The first and larger in scope of the two campaigns depicts NBA basketball stars striking gangster-rap style poses (dominating eye gaze, cocked head positions, frowns, challenging eyebrows, and generally imposing and intimidating body language) and employs a non-traditional ad slogan and style. A pilot study of responses was conducted among university students in order to gauge responses of locals to this set of ads. The other ad, located across a major street in a more confined yet also more prominent space, features Chinese athletes in a conventionally styled Nike ad. The two advertisements, which seem to be in opposition, can be seen as working in tandem. This paper analyzes the layers of meaning embedded in the advertisements and their locations in physical space. I discuss the nonverbal gestures, composition of the advertisements themselves, and the geosemiotics of the overall visual space. I rely on the work of Robert Goldman and Stephen Papson to decode the purpose of these advertisements, as well as to analyze the reactions to them. These advertisements provide insight into cultural identity in Shanghai as perceived by one of the world's most prominent media producers. Like Nike's US strategy, which targets different groups with different types of advertisements, these advertisements clearly appeal to different types of Shanghai people. This paper not only explores the two advertisements themselves, but also the dissimilar cultural identities that the two contrasting advertisements may reflect and appeal to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the differences between American and Chinese conflict management styles and tries to decode areas of cultural differences that can lead to misunderstanding and conflict. In-depth interviews with foreign-born Chinese searching for jobs at American workplace and case studies with executives at American corporations in China were conducted. From analyzing the roots of Chinese culture, Chinese and American cultural differences, American and Chinese conflict management models, the paper proposes two fundamental differences in negotiation: a four-fold difference between the Chinese and Americans that could potentially cause conflict: directness-subtleness, aggressiveness-modesty, courtesy-command, and American-Chinese experiential differences, as well as a difference in the choice of conflict styles and tactics between Chinese and American negotiators. The case study demonstrated that the Chinese subsidiaries of America-based multinational corporations need to be more sophisticated in handling international business conflicts. The findings indicate that there is a strong relationship between Chinese and American value systems and in the choice of conflict-handling styles. Illustrations of how these parameters play out in the workplace and suggestions for both Americans and Chinese in handling conflicts are provided. Examples of how and where disconnects can occur are reviewed, as well as the hierarchy in which the conflict can occur and the potential impact on individuals and conflict resolution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has surveyed among urban Chinese youth aged from 15-25 in the three cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou in line with focus groups, in an effort to explore their media consumption patterns and how their media consumption in a relatively enclosed media environment like China has helped to shape their global visions. The paper finds that urban Chinese youth have preferred Internet, the new media, to traditional media (TV and newspaper), but their media channels become diversified when they access different contents. Fun seeking is the prime factor for their media consumption while traditional news is still popular, as a natural extension of their personal needs and social environment. Besides, location, gender and education are important factors for their media and content preferences. Youth in Beijing and Guangzhou are more active Internet users while Shanghai youth focus more on traditional media; females tend to prefer soft and fun information while males are inclined to hard news and sports; elder youth love hard news while younger youth like soft and entertaining contents. Although media environment in China is still relatively enclosed, urban Chinese youth have not demonstrated a strong desire to access foreign-language media. This paper has failed to find that media consumption among urban Chinese youth has helped to shape their global visions, but there exists a reverse trend between what Chinese media have portrayed in their global coverage and what country Chinese youth prefer. Finally, the paper finds that personal needs and social environment are two key factors in the process of media consumption among urban Chinese youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The I Ching, also known as the Book of Change is a Chinese oracle structured with 64 hexagrams or primary commentaries with six "changing lines" that are filled with wisdom rooted in Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the spiritual wisdom of the I Ching in order to develop ourselves and better our communications with others. This paper will briefly explain some fundamental principles and concepts: enlightenment, the Universe and energy, the tao, te, and yin and yang. These fundamental concepts and principles provide an understanding of the workings of the I Ching that fosters acceptance of the credibility of this Chinese classic oracle. Thereafter, in developing oneself and their communications with others, I will look at the types of superior personas and some of their qualities; and the characteristics of an inferior person primarily revealed in the I Ching. This paper concludes with an application of some of the I Ching wisdom to three life events that has enlighten and nourished me in my adaptation of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the differences between American and Chinese conflict management styles and tries to decode areas of cultural differences that can lead to misunderstanding and conflict. In-depth interviews with foreign-born Chinese searching for jobs at American workplace and case studies with executives at American corporations in China were conducted. From analyzing the roots of Chinese culture, Chinese and American cultural differences, American and Chinese conflict management models, the paper proposes two fundamental differences in negotiation: a four-fold difference between the Chinese and Americans that could potentially cause conflict: directness-subtleness, aggressiveness-modesty, courtesy-command, and American-Chinese experiential differences, as well as a difference in the choice of conflict styles and tactics between Chinese and American negotiators. The case study demonstrated that the Chinese subsidiaries of America-based multinational corporations need to be more sophisticated in handling international business conflicts. The findings indicate that there is a strong relationship between Chinese and American value systems and in the choice of conflict-handling styles. Illustrations of how these parameters play out in the workplace and suggestions for both Americans and Chinese in handling conflicts are provided. Examples of how and where disconnects can occur are reviewed, as well as the hierarchy in which the conflict can occur and the potential impact on individuals and conflict resolution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]