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The title of this paper is derived from a comment by Frank H. Underhill in The Image of Confederation, published in 1964. By that time, the Atlantic Provinces had become identified as the "sick man" of Canada, lagging behind the rest of the nation in economic growth. Underhill used this flimsy justification as an excuse for excluding the Atlantic region from his discussion, a common practice among policy makers and scholars of Canadian history. Exclusion from the national narrative is perhaps preferable to what often passes for analysis of the region. This paper probes the "mistaken identities" that bedevil Atlantic Canada and argues that the nation would benefit from paying more attention to the region located "east of Canada." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration is fuelling most of Canada's population growth, and housing is a key component of the settlement experience. At the policy level, however, there is very little connection between services to newcomers and housing. This paper builds on what is known about immigration and housing in Canada and makes recommendations for better linking housing policy and newcomer settlement policy. It summarizes a background paper written for the Canadian Housing and Renewal Association in 2007. The full report is Wayland, Sarah. 2007. The Housing Needs of Immigrants and Refugees in Canada - Final Report. Prepared for the Canadian Housing and Renewal Association. (May.) 53pp. Available at http://www.chra-achru.ca [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Social Research is the property of Association for Canadian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Issues / Thèmes Canadiens is the property of Association for Canadian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is a personal reflection on the "history wars" that have erupted in Canada and elsewhere in recent years. Drawing on the scholarship on how Canadians engage the past to establish agency and identity, it uses the Canada War Museum's controversy over Bomber Command to suggest ways of mediating the efforts of stakeholders to exert control over the official narrative of Canada's past. Recent heated debates over historical interpretations at museums in Canada have highlighted competing versions of events, and challenged Canadians to develop processes by which controversies can be mediated. It is argued here that rather than constitute an impediment to historical understanding, controversies about the past can be viewed as opportunities to navigate the complexities of historical events, fostering a deeper understanding of historical processes by all parties. What is missing is a mechanism whereby various stakeholders can work through their differing perspectives before resorting to costly court cases or appealing to parliamentary committees. This paper is based on my experiences with historical controversies during my tenure as President of the Canadian Historical Association, 2005-2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada grew from a country of nine hundred thousand square kilometres at birth to one of nine million a little more than a decade later. This paper surveys the Parliamentary Debates of the Confederation era, and in particular discussion surrounding the acquisition of the Northwest in the late 1860s and the Arctic in the late 1870s, to explore how Canadian politicians conceived of territorial expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some ways, "history"--as the scientific, evidence-based investigation of the past--and "heritage"--as the emotion-laden commitment to our national, familial and personal inheritances-are incommensurable approaches to understanding the past. When it comes to planning public commemorations or setting goals for school curricula, they are frequently at odds. This paper explores the relationship of history and heritage in the current moment in Canada, after the demise of the Historical Thinking Project, and in anticipation of Confederation commemorations. It lays out the educational potential of a careful and conscious reconciliation between the two agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Issues / Thèmes Canadiens is the property of Association for Canadian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Issues / Thèmes Canadiens is the property of Association for Canadian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the enduring, naïve and self-serving mantra that 'sport and politics should not mix', overwhelming evidence suggests that they are always mutually implicated. This is particularly the case with respect to social inequalities that, in Canadian society, are not only reflected in patterns of sport participation, but also implicated in helping to reproduce those social inequalities. But it is also evident that sport has been a platform for challenging social inequalities and for resisting those reproductive patterns. In this paper, I outline how recognition of the right to participate in sport and recreational physical activity has been recognized increasingly since the 1960s, and how patterns of participation in Canada indicate the uneven way in which that right has been realized; point out some ways in which those patterns of sport participation are implicated in the social reproduction of social inequalities; and conclude by pointing to some ways in which sport has been involved in resisting and challenging inequalities, and how the right to participate in sport and physical activity may be better realized in Canadian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, a number of inclusive educational programs aimed at incorporating Aboriginal cultural content and perspectives have been established in some provinces in Canada. This inclusive model has proved beneficial for mutual understanding and better relations between Aboriginals and settlers, old and new. This paper will first define and describe some of these programs and make a comment on what considerations should be taken into account to ensure that these inclusive programs best serve the needs of Aboriginal students as well as non-Aboriginal students. It is hoped that this inclusive model of education can be applied by other ethnic groups to help them address their own educational, cultural, and diversity issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on qualitative data gathered in the inner city of Winnipeg, this paper seeks to answer the following questions: What do urban Aboriginals think of African refugees? Do Aboriginals feel threatened by the arrival of refugee migrants in their neighbourhoods? If so, why and if not, why not? Findings from this exploratory study reveal a mixed picture of how Native1 inner-city residents perceive newcomer refugees. Some Aboriginals have negative perceptions of refugees, largely caused by feelings of inter-group competition over jobs and subsidized housing. Other Aboriginals appear to have a sympathetic view of refugees, since they can identify with them as racialized minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the evolution of the English Language Minority (ELM) in Quebec since the Quiet Revolution of 1960-1966. It briefly examines demographic changes, changes in attitude and the reaction of the Anglophone community. It concludes with a description of the Evolution of Anglophone language institutions and leadership since the Quiet Revolution using census data from1971 and 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work of Wallace Lambert and his colleagues on bilingualism and biculturalism had a significant impact on education and society in the United States and around the world. This paper reviews the spread of immersion education to the U.S. and the ways in which it expanded and was extended (heritage language immersion and two-way immersion) to fit the diverse contexts and purposes that existed there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will undertake a survey of the various conceptual perspectives from which scholars and practitioners engaged in educational research and practice in their attempts to understand the dynamics of multiculturalism policy. These include: conservative multiculturalism, liberal and left-liberal multiculturalism, critical multiculturalism, anti-racist education, and anti-oppressive education perspectives. While these do not represent the entire range of perspectives that scholars and practitioners employ, it must also be kept in mind that these are not monolithic and/or consensual perspectives, and that there are debates internal and intrinsic to these perspectives that require separate research endeavors. This article takes the Trudeau era policy of Multiculturalism as its point of departure and examines how various provinces have adapted and implemented the official policy in their educational programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological transparency - the idea of understanding how systems, processes, and related mechanisms within society work - can help individuals progress beyond the mere use of technologies towards developing critical perspectives. In this paper, we highlight and advocate the importance of technological transparency in Canadian curricula by providing examples from a spectrum of technologies that we describe using the terms "open" and "closed." Further, through examples of technologies as well as a scenario from a graduate classroom where education for technological transparency was employed, we discuss how "openness" relates to knowledge production processes. To conclude, we call attention to the importance of criticality in education and discuss potential roadblocks promoting technological transparency and educational change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the establishment of public education over a century ago, Canadian educators have continually faced the challenges of teaching a common national history to the younger generations. This paper looks at the implications of these challenges for 21st century history education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Issues / Thèmes Canadiens is the property of Association for Canadian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The housing difficulties facing many low income Canadians today is well documented. For newcomers, and particularly refugees, these challenges may be amplified. This paper considers the influence of legal status and place in the housing outcomes of government-assisted refugees and refugee claimants in Vancouver, BC and Winnipeg, MB. Results from the study indicate that while claimants in Vancouver face a more difficult 'pathway to permanent housing' than do government-assisted refugees, the same is not true in Winnipeg. More alarmingly, certain refugee groups face barriers beyond legal status and place, owing to characteristics of the group itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I argue for an increase in research activity in the area of immigrant residential crowding in Canada. I use the 2006 Census of Canada to suggest that crowding is too complex to label as 'good' or 'bad', and that future work should try to identify how we can distinguish when crowding actually reflects economic constraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Social Research is the property of Association for Canadian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Social Research is the property of Association for Canadian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Issues of competing or dual loyalties have re-emerged in importance in increasingly diverse western societies, including Canada, following the 9-11 attacks and the steady increase in diasporic-homeland transnational ties. This paper offers a re-examination and re-interpretation of the historical experience of Canadian Italians, Germans and Japanese before, during and after World War Two. That experience foreshadows current dilemmas. It confirms that two paradigms shaped their communal responses to their suspect status and victimization in Canada, and their eventually successful efforts at full re-integration and rehabilitation. The first is a tolerance paradigm which draws on an older tradition of minorities as unequal citizens, and is generally discredited today. The second, more prominent post-war and after the introduction of the Charter, can be called a rights paradigm and emphasizes a clear assertion of equality for minority citizens. It is suggested that both these paradigms in fact contributed to the difficult task of re-integration facing these three minority groups, during and after the War, and both may also have value for vulnerable or suspect Canadian minorities affected by international conflict today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For active citizenship to occur amongst immigrant, ethnic, and religious groups in Canada there needs to be a strong sense of belonging to Canada for people in these communities. In the post 9-11 era there has been a growing literature on the challenges of multiculturalism with respect to ethnic and religious diversity. As a consequence, this paper investigates the effects of religion and generation on sense of belonging to Canada. The authors utilize the Ethnic Diversity Survey to empirically delineate how religious and generational differences affect sense of belonging while controlling for typical demographic variables and discrimination. Whereas generally the native-born have a greater likelihood for a very strong sense of belonging--when compared to the foreign-born--this finding masks very important religious differences. What stands out when the interaction effects of religion and nativity are examined, is the paucity of a strong sense of belonging amongst 2nd + generation Muslims. This finding begs for more research to explain why this is the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canadian snowbirds, seasonal migrants wintering in the southern United States and the Caribbean, have been seen by Canada's nationalist elites as signs of Canada's demise as a strong, autonomous nation. This paper outlines a few parameters of that phenomenon, to demonstrate that Canadian snowbirds were and remain strongly attached to their Canadian (or Québécois) identity. What is being said about snowbirds and other Canadians travelling to the United States is more an avatar of nationalist discourse than anything else. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues of competing or dual loyalties have re-emerged in importance in increasingly diverse western societies, including Canada, following the 9-11 attacks and the steady increase in diasporic-homeland transnational ties. This paper offers a re-examination and re-interpretation of the historical experience of Canadian Italians, Germans and Japanese before, during and after World War Two. That experience foreshadows current dilemmas. It confirms that two paradigms shaped their communal responses to their suspect status and victimization in Canada, and their eventually successful efforts at full re-integration and rehabilitation. The first is a tolerance paradigm which draws on an older tradition of minorities as unequal citizens, and is generally discredited today. The second, more prominent post-war and after the introduction of the Charter, can be called a rights paradigm and emphasizes a clear assertion of equality for minority citizens. It is suggested that both these paradigms in fact contributed to the difficult task of re-integration facing these three minority groups, during and after the War, and both may also have value for vulnerable or suspect Canadian minorities affected by international conflict today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For active citizenship to occur amongst immigrant, ethnic, and religious groups in Canada there needs to be a strong sense of belonging to Canada for people in these communities. In the post 9-11 era there has been a growing literature on the challenges of multiculturalism with respect to ethnic and religious diversity. As a consequence, this paper investigates the effects of religion and generation on sense of belonging to Canada. The authors utilize the Ethnic Diversity Survey to empirically delineate how religious and generational differences affect sense of belonging while controlling for typical demographic variables and discrimination. Whereas generally the native-born have a greater likelihood for a very strong sense of belonging-when compared to the foreign-born-this finding masks very important religious differences. What stands out when the interaction effects of religion and nativity are examined, is the paucity of a strong sense of belonging amongst 2nd + generation Muslims. This finding begs for more research to explain why this is the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States, Canada and Australia in the period between 1880-1920, had similar political, legal and cultural systems, and so provide a natural test for the interactions of ethnicity, religion, nationalism and nativism. For example, Germans and other European immigrants were welcomed before 1914, but wartime patriotism pushed them out of the consensus. As a result, in the U.S. and Canada, they were forced to assimilate, and in Australia, they were deported. Increasingly, in Canada and Australia, nativism became a question of loyalty to the country or to the British Empire. The manifestation of this was Anglophones pushing the French in Canada to the wall because they were too traditionalistic and not sufficiently imperial and Irish Catholics who were loyal to their country and to Rome, but hostile to Britain. Drawing from these case studies, this paper posits that nativism can be better understood as a matter of defining the nation to which loyalty is due. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]