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This paper empirically analyses the impact of fiscal policy on the economic growth of the countries of Southeast Europe. The work was carried out with secondary data from the 12-year period and respectively from 2010 to 2021 and includes 11 countries, so the data belongs to the panel type. The purpose of this paper is to analyze social variables such as government spending, income from taxes, public debt, government effectiveness, fiscal freedom, rule of law index, and corruption in economic growth. For this purpose, we employ different econometric models and techniques such as OLS, OLS Robust fixed and random effects models, and GMM (Generalized Method of Moments). The findings from the research show that fiscal policy instruments have a positive impact on the economic growth of the countries of Southeast Europe, while the effectiveness of the government, the rule of law, and corruption show a statistically significant impact on the economic growth of these countries. The recommendations for the countries are for policymakers in the region to prioritize the development and implementation of sound fiscal policies to stimulate economic growth. By strategically managing government spending and taxation, these countries can enhance aggregate demand, encourage investment, and create a favourable business climate. Furthermore, adopting expansionary measures during economic downturns and adopting prudent debt management practices can contribute to stability, confidence, and sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews the literature published on job crafting using bibliometric techniques. It utilizes the papers published on the topic from 1990 to 2023, retrieved from the Scopus database. The purpose of the paper is to draw the intellectual, conceptual and social structure of the field of research on job crafting. It uses the bibliometric method to review the literature on "job crafting." The findings of the study reveal both the micro and macro aspect of the research published so far such as Europe is the epicenter of research on the topic, while experiments and questionnaires a popular choice in methods adopted. This review gives a unique view of the past and outlines a number of future directions for research on the topic and it will be of interest to existing scholars in the field as well as doctoral students who might be interested in the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of accessibility to the information associated with European built heritage is a significant factor of exclusion that precludes many European citizens from appropriating a shared cultural heritage. Nowadays, three-dimensional scanning, modelling, and rendering technologies provide many highly effective tools to virtually access the available digital heritage of many European buildings in different historical periods through images, videos, texts, libraries, or specific databases of information associated with historical-scientific knowledge. However, several factors, such as the availability of human, economic, and technical resources, the heterogeneity of the standards and the lack of regulations, still hinder the possibility of translating data into usable content for a wider audience and the chances of creating collaboration between professional experts and scholars. Considering that, the paper focuses on defining the User Experience (UX) of INCEPTION's web platform, a European-funded multidisciplinary research project that has adopted new web technologies to develop open-source three-dimensional models of cultural heritage buildings for digital architectural conservation. The paper evaluates the importance of adopting a User-Centred Design (UCD) approach and involving stakeholders and end-users throughout the design development process, as they actively contributed to fostering more accessibility and inclusiveness for the final INCEPTION's web configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the new energy of Sanskrit renaissance in Europe due to European voyages to India, followed by trade and then the construction of British India. It created a new social impetus to Sanskrit in India too, and the Indian intelligentsia, empowered by western education also began to examine texts written in the language. Interpretations came out in a pouring manner of these ancient texts, some locating them as the manufacturers of caste system, and some appreciating their contribution to science, literature, and philosophy and especially law. We have to re-understand how German intelligentsia interpreted and viewed these texts. The concept of nation in the age of nationalism, and its ideology of an imagined community with similar culture and shared beliefs has brought forth the necessity to enquire into the foundation of India’s modern identity, as perhaps, constructed by Oriental scholarship and the knowledge with new developments it brought forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is acknowledged that the identification of a successor within the family farm can affect the farm development, which is conventionally referred to as the succession effect. This dynamic is of particular relevance in Europe, where fostering generational renewal towards increased farm modernization and innovation is on top of policy agenda. Yet, the succession effect on the farmers' decision-making has been poorly substantiated with empirical and quantitative evidence, whereas the current policy framework mostly disregards this phenomenon. This paper aims to verify whether and to what extent the identification of a successor within the family farm affects the farmer's strategic choices, and to identify which management strategies are privileged by farmers having identified a successor. Based on a cross-sectional dataset of 768 farms from across nine European countries, a control function model is employed to test the succession effect on the farmer's decision-making, while parametric tests, odds analysis and multivariate probit regressions are applied to identify main strategies. The results confirm that the identification of a successor has a significant impact on farmers' choices, leading to an average increase of about two additional strategies adopted, and that strategies like agricultural and non-agricultural diversification, cooperation and technology adoption are privileged by farmers having a successor. The paper discusses how the current policies could be improved to better leverage the succession effect, and identifies possible strategies. • The farm succession effect on the farmers' management choices is investigated. • Count data and multivariate probit analyses are used on a sample of European farms. • The identification of a successor leads to an increase in strategies adopted. • The succession effect promotes diversification, cooperation and technology adoption. • The policy could leverage the succession effect to boost farm modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2008, members of the TEPARG provided first insights into the legal and ethical framework governing body donation in Europe. In 2012, a first update followed. This paper is now the second update on this topic and tries to extend the available information to many more European countries. For this second update, we have asked authors from all European countries to contribute their national perspectives. By this enquiry, we got many contributions compiled in this paper. When we did not get a personal contribution, one of us (EB) searched the internet for relevant information. Perspectives on the legal and ethical framework governing body donation in Europe. We still see that a clear and rigorous legal framework is still unavailable in several countries. We found national regulations in 18 out of 39 countries; two others have at least federal laws. Several countries accept not only donated bodies but also utilise unclaimed bodies. These findings can guide policymakers in reviewing and updating existing laws and regulations related to body donation and anatomical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Predicts the environmental and economic performance of policy instruments to promote plastic recycling. • Combines equilibrium model (top-down) with techno-economic and life cycle assessment (bottom-up). • Policy instruments that do not target a specific technology are more likely to increase thermochemical recycling than mechanical recycling. • Policy instruments should focus on environmental outcomes rather than increasing recycling rates. • Future research should include geographical considerations and asses other circular economy strategies. The objective of this paper is to examine the recycling rates for mechanical and thermochemical recycling of postconsumer polyethylene flexible packaging after the implementation of different policy instruments. The study uses a supply chain equilibrium model that incorporates market data and techno-economic assessments to simulate market equilibrium. It combines this with a life cycle assessment to explore the environmental implications of implementing different policy instruments. The results show that instruments that do not target a specific technology are more likely to increase thermochemical recycling than mechanical recycling. Furthermore, a higher recycling rate is not equivalent to a better environmental outcome. An increased collection target that ensures a supply of plastic waste would increase the overall recycling rates the most. A recycled content standard for mechanical recycling would lead to the highest increase in mechanical recycling, with top results for environmental indicators, but low results for economic indicators. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eutrophication by human activities is increasingly affecting ecosystem functioning and plant community composition. So far, studies mainly focus on the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, surface water eutrophication or soil nutrient accumulation. Groundwater pollution of spring habitats, however, has received much less attention, although numerous papers report groundwater nutrient enrichment worldwide. This study presents a survey on groundwater pollution (with emphasis on nitrate and phosphate) and bryophyte composition in 51 ambient petrifying springs in 5 NW European countries, which were compared to published data from 173 other sites in 11 European countries. The reviewed dataset covers a broad range of unpolluted to heavily polluted springs with nitrate concentrations between 0.7 and 3227 μmol l−1. Most petrifying springs in the rural lowlands of NW Europe were found to have elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate with the most polluted springs occurring in The Netherlands. The cover of individual characteristic bryophyte species significantly correlates with groundwater nutrient concentrations indicating that nutrient pollution of spring waters affects bryophyte composition. Palustriella commutata, Eucladium verticillatum and Brachythecium rivulare prefer unpolluted petrifying springs whereas Cratoneuron filicinum and Pellia endiviifolia show a much broader tolerance to groundwater pollution. In order to sustain at least the basic conditions for the typical bryophyte composition of petrifying springs habitats, threshold values of 288 μmol (18 mg l−1) NO 3 − l−1 and 0.42 μmol (0.04 mg l−1) ortho-PO 4 3- l−1 were defined. Data analysis of the spring water composition indicates that the main source for nutrient and nutrient induced base cation enrichment are nitrate losses from intensively used agricultural fields. The anthropogenically induced but regionally different chemical processes in subsoil and aquifers can result in different levels of nutrient pollution in springs. Further regulations for nitrate and phosphate application are required to conserve and restore groundwater fed ecosystems in Europe. • A study on Groundwater pollution of petrifying springs. • A correlative study on 51 springs in NW-European countries. • Including data from 173 sites in 11 European countries. • Threshold values of 288 μmol NO 3 − l−1 and 0.42 μmol ortho-PO 4 2- l−1 were defined. • Main source of groundwater pollution are nitrate losses from agricultural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of quality infrastructure, i.e., regulation, standardization, metrology, conformity assessment, and accreditation, is analyzed in the general context of socio-technical transformations. Six policy intervention points structure their potential contributions. First, insights from the literature and anecdotal evidence reveal that regulation plays an essential role in niche stimulation, yet standardization is becoming more important for niche acceleration. However, regulation is essential for destabilizing the whole regime but also for addressing possible repercussions. Within the coordination of multi-regime interactions, the consistency of regulations and the interfaces to the other elements of quality infrastructure has to be assured. To tilt the whole landscape, the regulatory framework conditions have to be altered, allowing changes in the directionality of socio-technical systems. Finally, international standards can leverage nationally focused changes of regulations towards the global level. Policy recommendations and limitations conclude the paper. • Elements of quality infrastructure can transform socio-technical systems. • Regulation plays an important role in niche stimulation. • Standardization becomes more important for niche acceleration. • Coordination of all elements of quality infrastructure is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]