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This paper focuses on the effects of international migration on the citizens of Edo State, Nigeria, using the Bini people as its primary focus. The study examined the effect of trans-mobility on the household welfare and living standards of Bini people. It looks at the benefits or otherwise of migration for the people left at home. The results of this study were obtained by using a qualitative research approach. The qualitative approach is based on focus group discussions in the seven local government areas where the Binis are the majority; and the descriptive examination of documents that contain crucial information about the study. It therefore applied secondary sources of data collection. These sources include academic journals, books, research papers, and reputable online resources. The findings show that there is a continuous improvement in the household welfare and living standards of remittancereceiving households. There is also a glaring improvement in asset acquisitions such as plots of land, motor vehicles and houses. The quality of food and clothing improved too. Considering the household welfare and living standard improvement that international remittances have, the study concluded that they have been of immense benefit to the Bini people of Edo State in particular and the people of Edo State in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the international relations on migration leverage and coercion between sending and host countries and their success and failure. It uses the global perspective theorists which rate migration politics 'low' rather than 'high'. The study adopts a systematic literature review (SLR), which includes relevant peer-reviewed journals and magazines related to the study selected for the write-up. Nowadays, with the advent of technology, the rise in tourism, and globalisation, migration politics between nations are on the rise. Regarding bilateral agreements, they are 'cemented' between states to avoid rows and frosty relationships. In instances where, bilateral disagreement occurs, host nations adopt measures such as border tightening, stringent visa control, strict border policing, and a restriction policy for sending migrants. If demands are not met under the restriction and deterrence policies, remittances sanction into the origin country are adopted, or in some cases, both (restriction and remittances sanction). Further resistance from sending nations leads to deportation or expulsion measures from the host country, which is detrimental to sending states. Roadblocks, harassment, violence, and raids on migrants' homes and workplaces are among the tactics employed. However, it was revealed that the success or failure of migration diplomacies and politics depend on the vulnerability and sensitivity of the state. Nations that are vulnerable might comply with the host nation's demand, but those that are sensitive and have close ties with other states for assistance in times of difficulty usually resist. The study identifies that both weak and strong nations leverage and coerce other states depending on their location, economic power, and type of governance. It is therefore recommended that nations, irrespective of being weak and strong states, must unite to form strong forces instead of 'fighting' each other to uplift the standard of living of their citizens. The study further recommends empirical studies to juxtapose the findings that the paper identifies under this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mass exodus of migrant workers from several cities during the nationwide lockdown in the early phase of the pandemic brought the social and economic vulnerability ofmigrant workers to the centre stage of public discussion. However, as the 'crises oflivelihood faced by migrant workers started to get some attention in the backdrop of an unprecedented pandemic, there is a danger of treating it as an isolated and transient phenomenon. The long-term factors that created such a widespread livelihoods vulnerability, however, need particular attention, particularly when designing policy alternatives to address the problem. The bottom line is that there is a large section of migrant workers who work and live under such a condition that, in the face of the lockdown, they could not simply survive such a sudden disruption of earnings. Rapid surveys indicate that a section ofthem did not have enough food to survive for the next few days. The vulnerability and precarious conditions of this section of the migrant workers were exposed by the pandemic. Its durability, however, defines the normal conditions of their existence. In this context, this paper argues that a political economy approach that takes into account the broader, structural contexts of migration is better suited to explain the reasons behind the persistent vulnerability of a section of migrant workers. In particular, the paper attempts to link the literature on the political economy of agrarian change with the vulnerability of circular migrants. Migrants' vulnerabilities can be examined at three levels-at the origin, during the migration process, and at destinations. Based on multiple rounds of field surveys on migration and agrarian change in one of the 'migration prone' regions in interior Odisha, as well as a survey of circular migrant workers in Delhi, the paper examines the factors that create and perpetuate vulnerabilities of diverse kinds among the migrant workers. At a more general level, the paper examines the question of vulnerable migrant workers in relation to the nature of contemporary, global capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Migration at international level is a global phenomenon. In recent years the world experienced the highest number of people who migrated abroad. For example, in 2020 approximately 3.6% of global population were international migrants. This was the highest proportion of the global population registered in the last thirty years. The paper analyses some general aspects of international migration. There are detailed migration patterns in various regions such as America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, and Africa. Based on the data provided can be drawn some policy implications. Countries of destination should apply policies in order to facilitate the integration of migrants and should provide labour market regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine the understanding of agency among the tribal young women attending college in Pratapgarh (Rajasthan), India. Particularly in light of this shift in their living and academic spaces, I look at how they interpret and perform their agency when it comes to being in a romantic relationship and getting married. It is not uncommon for tribal members to engage in romantic relationships and to seek love marriages. The number of young women migrating for education is increasing. As a result of educational migration, the practice of live-in relationships, romantic relationships, and love marriages has also increased over time among tribal youths. The data for this study were collected over nine months from interviews, group decisions, and participant observation of tribal young women in places they frequent, such as college campuses, hostels, homes, markets, and parks. In addition, the narratives of their parents and other family members are also analyzed to explore this aspect of agency, space, and marriage. In various domains encompassing academic and domestic spheres, my investigation has revealed that tribal young women exhibit agency concerning their involvement in romantic relationships and their preferences for either love or arranged marriages. Notably, a prevailing pattern emerges among most of my participants, regardless of their current romantic status or chosen marital arrangement, which centers around their post-wedding aspirations to pursue their education and attain government employment, thereby fostering financial independence. For these participants, marriage serves as a conduit through which they can sustain their educational pursuits even after entering into matrimony, facilitated by the support and assistance from their partner and in-laws. In addition to providing emotional and moral encouragement, these marital arrangements offer financial assistance, further reinforcing the participants' willingness to embrace matrimony while pursuing their education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Labor and housing market conditions, alongside political climate, are recognized as pivotal drivers for domestic migration. However, limited research examines how urban/rural status of areas influences the interplay between these factors and migration decisions. OBJECTIVE: This paper investigates urban-rural differences in the effects of employment opportunities, housing affordability, and political climate on household migration tendencies across US counties during the 2009-2019 period. METHODS: This study merges the individual-level Panel Study of Income Dynamics with countylevel census and election datasets. Fixed-effect logistic regression models are utilized to explore variation in the migration effects of key factors along the rural-urban continuum, focusing on homeowners and renters. RESULTS: The findings show a higher propensity for individuals from rural counties to migrate, with rural destinations being associated with a lower likelihood for homeowners to move in. Employment opportunities in suburban areas significantly drive migration. While there are distinct impacts of housing affordability on the migration tendencies of homeowners and renters, variations of this impact along the rural-urban continuum are modest. The influence of political climate is considerably less pronounced. A strong conservative-leaning political climate in rural counties is negatively associated with the likelihood of residents leaving and positively affects the likelihood of moving in. Notably, the results underscore economic factors as the primary determinants in migration decisions. CONTRIBUTION: This research highlights the significance of urban-rural discrepancies in understanding the dynamics between locational attributes and migration tendencies. It provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in developing tailored strategies that consider urban/rural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is an invisible enemy that poses challenges to humanity, shrinking space and making the Earth uninhabitable, and South Asia is the region worst affected by it. With its hydra-headed consequences, such as rising sea levels, intensifying temperatures, erratic rains, droughts, heatwaves, floods, and extreme weather events, it has unleashed a war on the populace. Climate change has unlocked a Pandora's Box of climateinduced migration around the world, but migration in South Asia is particularly intense. This article deconstructs the phenomenon of migration driven by climate change and strives to analyse the pace of climate-induced migration in South Asian states and its implications for states' overall socio-economic performance. Moreover, it aims to highlight the adaptation and mitigation strategies of the affected states to overcome the repercussions and challenges to achieve the desired results. Last but not least, this paper examines how the South Asian nations can work together effectively to combat climate change through regional coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the current migration crisis and its sociopolitical impacts on the public and multicultural societies among European countries, the activation and management of intercultural communities are urgently needed. Thus, a literature review of the intercultural space for social integration becomes essential. To analyze the current situations and trends on this subject, this paper aims to systematize the existing information on intercultural spaces and relevant design strategies, providing a comprehensive overview of the current issues and problem-solving suggestions related to social coexistence by using PRISMA methodology. Data are drawn from 42 studies, and outcomes for multiple dimensions of intercultural spaces are summarized. The results highlight elements referring to spatial, functional, and characteristics dimensions for better facilitating intercultural spaces. This study contributes to the literature on intercultural spaces by providing a systematization of the literature developed to date and proposing future references to guide policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on international economic migration for business-building purposes and the subsequent settlement of migrants in rural and peripheral locations, known as new immigrant destinations, as it regards Vietnamese immigration to the Czech-Austrian and Czech-German (German-speaking countries) borderlands. Based on longitudinal qualitative comparative research conducted in four Czech-German-speaking border-crossing towns, it discusses how the peripheriality and superhybridity of border regions enable or hinder migrant incorporation and their livelihoods. The results provide evidence that peripheriality has provided an open window into the globalized market for migrant entrepreneurs and thus for their potential business success. However, this success has also been conditioned by a complex set of spatial differences, historical processes and power relations, which we have brought together under the term 'superhybridity'. This has enabled migrant entrepreneurs to use and benefit from resources and mutual relationships on both sides of the border to establish their businesses. This combination of peripheriality and superhybridity has led to the rapid development of migrant business and continued immigration from Vietnam to these rural destinations. • Peripheriality can provide an open window into the globalized market for the development of migrant retail business • Superhybridity may represent a significant advantage for migrant business development in the borderlands over the native-born population • On the Czech-GSC border it is possible to identify an orientalist discourse in relations between the two sides • The orientalist discourse has had an inclusive effect on migrant settlement and business development in the borderlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situated within the local turn in migration studies, this contribution analyzes the development of policies towards migration, integration, and asylum in South Tyrol from their inception in 1998 to 2021. An Italian province with German and Ladin-speaking population and a sophisticated autonomy to protect their language/culture, South Tyrol witnessed the increasing arrival of migrants and more recently of asylum seekers. By looking at the evolution of South Tyrolean policies, the article highlights issues of continuity and changes in the developments of migration and integration policies at the sub-state level. The analysis reveals the evolution, contradictions and challenges of policies dealing with governance of migration at the local level. In particular, it traces: the intersection between migration issues and the politics of substate nationalism; the conflicts between levels of governance that emerged over time; and the links and common traits between the evolution of migration and integration policy and the development of asylum-related policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]