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Due to the Lithuanian "push-back" policy, the number of persons irregularly crossing the Lithuanian- Belarusian border is decreasing. However, irregular migration remains significant in Lithuania. Migrants who irregularly cross the EU border in Latvia use Lithuania as a transit country to reach other EU countries. Such migrants in secondary migration found in Lithuania can be returned to Latvia following the readmission agreement and/or Dublin III Regulation. The paper aims to identify whether Lithuanian law and practice regarding irregular migrants in secondary migration from Latvia comply with international and EU law requirements. To achieve this aim, the paper defines the meaning of secondary migration of irregular migrants from Latvia, determines the International, EU and Lithuanian law and provisions of the Readmission agreement with Latvia applicable to secondary migration, and presents a practice of Lithuanian authorities in organising and performing the return to Latvia of migrants in secondary migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the place of root shock in the colonial and postcolonial history of Ireland and situates this series of Irish papers inspired by Mindy Fullilove’s seminal book. It explains why the practice of eviction has such a traumatic resonance within Irish society. This trauma was laid bare in the responses to a 2023 artwork by Spicebag that connected modern eviction with its historical precedents. In this paper the elements of Spicebag’s work are given their historical context with an account of dispossession and plantation, famine and exile, urban poverty, and neoliberal privatization of land and housing. In each case, a new form of root shock was added to the earlier legacies producing chronic place-based trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindy Thompson Fullilove’s concept of ‘Root Shock’ captures the trauma caused by the mass displacement and dispossession associated with urban renewal. In the twenty years since it was published, such policies have set in motion waves of trauma and ‘dispossessive praxis’ (Lancione, 2024, p. 841), producing what Fullilove (2004, p. 99) calls ‘a downward spiral of collapse’. Reflecting on the book’s twentieth anniversary, in this paper we draw on root shock and ancillary concepts to reflect on what happens when the forms of community, reciprocity, and solidarity presupposed in analyses of residents’ experience of displacement have already been hollowed out? We do so by examining how housing movements have had to simultaneously resist displacement and engage in active processes to create community, focusing on the experience of the Community Action Tenants Union (CATU) in Ireland. We show that the denial of roots requires the praxis of cultivating and nurturing their potential through tenant organizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines an established working-class community in Dublin’s southeast inner city. It describes the experience of root shock in a community that has experienced ‘displacement in place’ following urban renewal and gentrification in the surrounding area. The article highlights the shrinking of ‘third places’ for public mixing: older men have lost their pubs, younger people have lost their playgrounds, and young adults express a profound sense of displacement in place. As the class composition of the area changes, there are few places where classes can mingle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The density and uniformity of lidar data play crucial roles in the corresponding data processing steps. One factor influencing point density and spacing in lidar data is the presence of empty pulses, where no return is detected. Missing returns can occur due to atmospheric absorption, specular and diffusive reflection, etc. To address this issue and enhance point density, this paper introduces a novel method for approximating missing returns in airborne lidar data collected over urban areas. This technique focuses on approximating returns for empty pulses that hit spots near abrupt slope changes on building and ground surfaces. The proposed methodology is validated through experiments using a lidar data set from downtown Dublin, Ireland. The collected data contained numerous gaps associated with wet surfaces, as well as missing returns on vertical and oblique surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cyclists experience 'precarious entitlement' to public space in Dublin. • Cyclists 'provoke responsibility' in other mobile subjects to be respected. • Mobile struggles for recognition do not require collective mobilisation. • Provoking responsibility involves multisensory provocation of mobile subjects. • Provides account of citizenship 'on the move' through cycling practices. In this paper, I present how cyclists in Dublin engage in a process of provoking responsibility in their interactions with other mobile subjects as means of dealing with conditions of precarious entitlement to public space. I begin the paper with an exploration of the extant literature relating to cycling, citizenship and public space, arguing that provoking responsibility can add to such literature on individual and collective cycling mobilities in that it conceptualises how cyclists engage in an individual, everyday struggle for recognition as a legitimate public space user amidst the sharing of public space with differently mobile subjects. Next, I detail the grounded theory methodology, study context (Dublin, Ireland), means of data collection (qualitative interviews), interviewee sample, and 'precarious entitlement theory'. Following this, I posit the category of 'precarious entitlement' to public space – the main concern of utility cyclists in Dublin – and conceptually outline provoking responsibility as a process of dealing with conditions of precarious entitlement, using illustrations from qualitative interviews with cyclists. I include in this outline the key modes of provoking responsibility: accentuating presence, asserting entitlement, indicating transgression, punishing transgression, and displaying responsibility. I conclude that provoking responsibility shows how cyclists can engage in everyday, mobile practices of citizenship in the name of recognition of spatial entitlements and equal status within public space without collective mobilisation; moreover, the category depicts how cyclists engage in not only multisensory practices but also multisensory provocation in their interactions with co-present mobile subjects as means of being recognised and respected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges inherited twentieth-century assumptions of suburbia by teasing out existing interrelationships between the city centre and its peripheries. This is done through a content analysis of promotional material and spatial plans guiding the development of 'City Edge', a proposed 700-hectare regeneration scheme over an industrial development in the periphery of Dublin, Ireland. The analysis of new land-use ambitions for City Edge elucidates tensions around the 'highest and best use' of land, the role of non-local speculative approaches, and how the demand for housing in global cities, combined with an ideal of 'mixed-use' is reshaping suburban landscapes. In so doing, we draw upon the concepts of 'blandscape' and 'blendscape' to examine some contradictory forces at work in shaping contemporary suburban space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major programme is a combination of projects that together deliver a defined outcome, for example urban regeneration, major infrastructure investment, or an urban extension. It takes time and it needs a good plan. But circumstances change over time. That same good plan must have in place the flexibility to respond to change. The intention of this paper is to provide a practitioner’s reflection on plans for major programmes. It explores the theme of effectively setting and maintaining an authentic vision, drawing on learning from engineering and business sectors and considering experiences of the Adamstown Strategic Planning Zone (SPZ) in the Republic of Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IPCC emphasises the need to centre climate change adaptation in climate actions due to a lack of progress on meaningful climate change mitigation. This requires the expansion of adaptive capacity across many sectors, including education. Research asserts the key role formal education plays in increasing the learning and cognitive aspects of adaptive capacity and associated capabilities, but further work is required to understand the impacts of attempts to enact such changes, specifically in relation to climate change adaptation planning. Drawing on impact data collected from an experimental place-based digital educational resource – Climate Smart – that includes a serious online role play game, designed with and for second level students aged 15–17 in Ireland, this paper outlines the challenges of, and opportunities for, engaging young people in learning about climate change adaptation planning. We conclude that while such educational innovations are impactful in the short-term and essential for developing foundational knowledge and skills, as well as shaping individual and social norms, they will be insufficient alone to optimise capabilities for long term adaptive capacity for climate change adaptation. Wider complementary structural changes across multiple systems which support people to enact their learning and functionalise their capabilities are required. Finally, a prospective agenda for progressing adaptive capacity for climate adaptation planning with education at its core is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]