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With the application of intergenerational theory as its analytical framework, this paper seeks to provide new insights into the social construction of sugar-sweetened food and food practices in the context of contemporary urban China, drawing on 16 months' in-depth qualitative research in the city of Chongqing. From an intergenerational perspective, it argues that although adults and children both typically construct sugar-sweetened food as "bad" for health based on the logic of its biological meaning, there are more generational differences in the understandings of sociocultural meanings associated with these foods, which are the main reasons may lead to intergenerational conflict. Caregivers tend to regard their control of children's sugar-sweetened food intake as a means to discipline their children's bodies and develop food moralities. However, children themselves are likely to perform sugar-sweetened food practices as a way of socializing and sometimes resisting the control of caregivers. Based on this, this paper further shows that these diverse views are rooted in the tension between caregivers' anxiety about the transmission of food moralities through intensive parenting practices and children's agency in food consumption in contemporary urban China. These findings enhance intergenerational-theoretical research and highlight the need to move beyond the analytical framework of "behaviour change" in related food and health studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explores the effect of education poverty alleviation policy under the precise poverty alleviation model, aiming to provide decision-making suggestions for relative poverty governance and risk prevention of returning to poverty. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the methods of investigation, statistical analysis and institutional analysis, this paper explores the effect and optimization path of educational poverty alleviation in Youyang County, Chongqing. Findings: Rural poor households primarily benefit from government policies on education, as well as subsidies and allowances for students, in their efforts to alleviate educational poverty. However, these households may lack awareness of their own potential for skills training and employment conversion. Additionally, satisfaction with educational poverty alleviation efforts varies among rural households with differing income sources, education levels, and types of poverty. The most desired improvements in educational poverty alleviation among rural poor households include enhancing teaching quality, increasing educational awareness, reducing educational costs, and promoting compulsory education. Conclusion: From the perspective of poor households' perception, this paper systematically reveals the performance characteristics and needs identification of educational poverty alleviation, and then puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the performance of educational poverty alleviation. Research Limitations/Implications: Due to time and funding constraints, the number of research samples for this paper needs to be increased to improve the universality of the research conclusions. Practical Implications: The research findings can provide theoretical and practical references for exploring education to block the inter-generational transmission of poverty and scientifically designing educational poverty alleviation policies. Contribution to Literature: It enriches and expands the evaluation perspective, index system, and optimization path of the effect of education poverty alleviation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the bilevel multi-objective optimization problem has been received extensive attention from scholars. As two mainstream algorithms to solve it, intelligent algorithm and interactive algorithm based on satisfaction have disadvantages such as slow operation speed and too much subjectivity in weight selection, respectively. This paper proposes a multi-attribute decision-making method based on fuzzy weight, which is a natural generalization of deterministic weight, and it can cope with the decision-making risks brought by uncertain environment, which has strong robustness. Meanwhile the new deviation function index proposed could reflect that the upper and lower decision-makers execute the final decision with the same enthusiasm, which is convenient to make exploratory decisions in unknown environment. Finally, compared with the traditional existing methods, the effectiveness of the proposed method and indicator is verified by the garbage classification game in the main urban district of Chongqing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multi-source data and econometric models are used to study charging demands of operating EVs. • Charging demands are spatiotemporal uneven, with peak hours and areas. • Irregular spatial division can mirror spatial features of charging demands. • Low SOCs, parking lots, population and road network density have positive effects on demands. • Charging demands of adjacent units are dependent, especially in peak areas. In order to address the mismatch between the current charging demand of electric vehicles and the layout of charging stations, this paper collects multi-source heterogeneous data that may affect charging demand, and explores their spatiotemporal distributions in depth. Then, this paper proposes a Voronoi polygon spatial partitioning method based on charging demand clustering and two spatial econometric models, spatial lag model (SLM) and spatial error model (SEM), to quantitatively analyze the influences of various elements on charging demands. Empirical research in Chongqing, China reveals that the spatiotemporal distribution of charging demand is uneven, with peak areas and periods for charging, and the division of Voronoi polygon can better reflect the spatial heterogeneity of charging demands than regular grid division. The positive factors include the low SOC, parking lot density, population density, and road network density, especially the low SOC and parking lot density, and the negative items contain consumption related Point Of Interest (POI), tourism related POI, and transportation hub related POI. Among them, population density and road network density, as static data, have similar influences on charging demands at different intervals, while the impact of other factors on charging demand varies with periods, with obvious peak-valley characteristics. There is spatial dependence and lag effect between charging demands within polygons, causing SLM outperforms SEM. The research results are beneficial for the rational siting and optimization of charging stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operational state of energy-efficient ultra-low energy consumption buildings is very important to achieve energy savings and emission reductions, which are currently necessary considerations for the development of the building industry. To date, studies on the implementation of ultra-low energy consumption have been based mainly on the analysis of the effects of certain technologies, and few studies have examined the regional implementation paths at different energy consumption levels. Based on an analysis of actual data obtained from energy consumption monitoring, verification of energy-saving renovations and green building evaluations in Chongqing, this paper suggests setting the target value for ultra-low energy consumption buildings in hot summers and cold winters areas at 29.04 kWh/(m2.a), proposes a technology system that includes the practical application of data for seven active energy-efficient technologies, and establishes an implementation path for the integrated application of active and renewable energy technologies. Then, a set of strategic models for the construction of implementation paths for ultra-low energy consumption buildings that can be promoted in different climatic areas and building types is proposed. The recommendations based on this model are of practical value for guiding policy makers in promoting the development of ultra-low energy consumption buildings. • Determined ULEB target value based on actual Chongqing energy consumption data • Proposed energy-efficient technology system based on effect and cost analysis • Proposed replicable strategic models for implementation path of ULEBs construction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, it is the most important period to achieve the dual carbon goal and China 's economic transformation. The Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle plan is an important national policy proposed to promote the high-quality economic development of western China. However, due to the influence of geographical location, the frequent natural disasters in the economic circle of Chengdu and Chongqing have become a problem that cannot be ignored in the process of economic development. Many studies have discussed the relationship between natural hazards and economic development or between resource utilization and economic development in megacities, but little attention has been paid to the relationship between the three in intra-city development. This paper takes three cities in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle as examples. The environment-resource-economy related evaluation factors are selected from various aspects such as hazard, vulnerability, susceptibility and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity. And establish a suitable evaluation system for disaster risk assessment. At the same time, our study demonstrates the uniqueness of the study by taking different disasters in different regions as entry points. The results of the study show that, although the natural hazards that often occur in cities are not the same, there is a strong repetition of the characteristics that characterize the disaster (extreme) high risk areas. The occurrence of natural disasters has a significant impact on infrastructure, human safety and economic development and recovery in areas of high human activity. Moreover, the progress of energy conservation and emission reduction varies greatly among cities due to factors such as geographic location and natural resources, and there are still cases of uneven development, lagging industrial innovation and high dependence on energy for economic development. These results can help mega-city clusters to provide opinions on economic development, energy saving and emission reduction, disaster prevention and control, and other aspects. Provide reference for the government to rationally plan the economic and industrial layout in the future. Remind the relevant departments in high-risk areas that they should enrich emergency response measures and strengthen hazard screening. Improve disaster prevention and control capacity to reduce losses and promote the coordinated development of environment-resources-economy. This is of great significance and practical value for better understanding of the environment, utilizing natural resources, avoiding and mitigating losses from natural disasters, and realizing the dual-carbon goal. • Analysis and research from different impact factors, evaluation of different types of disasters in different cities. • The high-risk areas of disasters in each city have the same characteristics. • The occurrence of natural disasters will inevitably have a great impact on economic development and recovery. • Small cities have limited resources and focus on the development of pillar industries, affecting planning and policies. • Cities still suffer from uneven development and lagging industrial innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the construction of high-speed railway improves the accessibility of cities along the route and plays a certain role in promoting the economic development of cities. The construction of Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway improves the timeliness and accessibility of Chengdu to Chongqing, and plays a certain role in promoting the development of cities along the Neijiang River.This paper mainly analyzes the influence of Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway on the economic development of Neijiang city after its completion, and puts forward some targeted suggestions for the development of Neijiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New transportation corridor development aims to provide more convenient transportation conditions for port deep hinterland areas and to enhance the two-way opening of land and sea through the utilization of various transport modes, such as railroad, highway, and water transportation. In this paper, the microcontainer transport service and route selection problem is introduced within a new transportation corridor context, and a decision-making tool is provided for shippers to develop door-to-door service plans. A multiobjective 0–1 planning model is constructed with the objective of minimizing the total transportation cost, transportation time, and carbon emissions. The loading and unloading time windows of railroad and waterway transportation, as well as the time window of consignee receipt, are considered in model construction to obtain the nondominated Pareto optimal front. The validity of both the model and algorithm is demonstrated in this paper by using the Chongqing-Hamburg and Chengdu-Hamburg routes, following the development of the New Western Land and Sea Corridor (NWLSC), as examples. The example results show that the NWLSC is appealing for time-sensitive cargoes, and its economic benefits can be enhanced if relevant policies such as railroad freight reductions are supported. The findings in this paper can provide decision support for western provinces in the implementation of targeted policies to regulate and optimize the regional transportation structure, which can further promote the opening up of western Chinese provinces as well as the integrated and coordinated development of coastal and inland regions, providing practical value for reducing carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural decline is a severe global problem. The sustainable development of rural areas is in jeopardy due to rapid migration out of rural areas and the separation of rural housing and jobs. Rural housing-jobs synergy (RHJS) is conducive to promoting high-quality and sustainable development of rural areas. Based on rural permanent population, rural employment population, and rural working-age population data from 2007 to 2020, this study applied spatial autocorrelation analysis and Geodetector model to explore the spatio-temporal pattern and driving factors of RHJS at the county scale in Chongqing. Results showed that RHJS in Chongqing demonstrated a steady upward trend and showed spatial heterogeneity. The spatial layout of RHJS was characterized by spatial agglomeration. RHJS hotspots are all located in the yuzhong district and has advantages in terms of its natural resource environment and market placement, while the coldspots are concentrated in the northeast of Chongqing with generally poor conditions. The internal drivers of county RHJS have gradually shifted from a mix of resource-environmental factors and economic factors to a combination of economic factors and social public service factors, with the influence of social public service factors increasing. Market location was the main external driving factor for RHJS, and the influence of technological innovation factors is growing. The degree of influence of the selected variables in each driver on RHIS varies spatially and temporally, and improving RHIS can be accomplished by optimizing the industrial structure, boosting investment in science and technology, and improving the quality of social public services such as healthcare. The proximity of provincial capital cities, the income ratio of urban and rural residents, and the altitude have a significant negative effect on the regional divergence, they are the main variables affecting the RHJS divergence. These findings will assist decision-makers in developing future rural sustainable development policies for the construction of livable and employable villages and optimize rural areas spatial structures by RHJS situation and its driving factors in various regions of counties in mountainous and hilly ecologically fragile areas, and also serve as a useful reference for sustainable a rural development research in other developing countries. • This paper extends the measurement of the job-housing balance in urban research to rural areas. • Analyzing the definition of rural housing-jobs synergy (RHJS) from the perspectives of functional balance and efficiency. • The interaction of internal and external factors was found to determine the degree of the RHJS at the county level. • This research has significance for the rural revitalization and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While various empirical studies have been conducted to unpack the links which exist between spatial pattern and commuting costs, the interactions remain unclear given the variations in environmental contexts and methods for identifying polycentricity. Furthermore, there has been limited attention given to mountainous metropolitan areas where the urban structure is greatly influenced by natural barriers. This paper proposes two indicators of centrality by exploring spatial distribution of urban functions and functional linkages respectively, and examines how the two centrality indicators are related to commuting costs in Chongqing, China. The findings confirm the urban structure of Chongqing as being polycentric from both morphological and functional dimensions. The modelling results suggest that both morphological centrality and functional centrality are positively related to commuting costs. The cross-level interactions of variables highlight the significant role that morphological centrality has in a mountainous area. Furthermore, the spatial mismatch of employment and residency varied in different areas of Chongqing; suggesting that there is a need for policy interventions to promote land use mix and jobs-housing balance. • Adopt a micro perspective to characterize the urban polycentricity in Chongqing, which enhances the conceptualisation and measurement of centrality. • Identify taxi commuting patterns and travel behaviour in Chongqing, which could shed light on jobs-housing balance in a typical mountainous context. • Transport and urban policy interventions are suggested for improved jobs-housing relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remediation of rural human settlements is receiving increasing attention in contemporary China. Evaluating the resilience of rural human settlements and formulating site-specific remediation strategies are crucial for realizing China's rural revitalization goals. Based on the social-ecological system (SES) theory, this study establishes a theoretical framework for understanding the resilience of rural human settlements. Building upon this framework, an index system for assessing the resilience is constructed across three dimensions: the resource subsystem, the actor subsystem, and the governance subsystem. The study then analyzes the resilience level of rural human settlements and the interactions among these subsystems, using Chongqing Municipality as an example. The main study conclusions are as follows. First, the resilience index of rural human settlements in Chongqing exhibits spatial heterogeneity and imbalances among subsystems. Specifically, the average resilience index of the resource subsystem is lower than that of other subsystems and there is noticeable spatial heterogeneity in resilience indices among different counties. Second, resilience in rural human settlements is a complex outcome resulting from interactions among multiple subsystems within the SES. These subsystems interact through a two-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement relationship. Third, the main barriers to the resilience in rural human settlements in Chongqing are related to the resource subsystem, particularly per capita wetland resources, followed by challenges within the governance and actor subsystem, such as rural population density. Fourth, the SES theory can better guide the resilience evaluation of rural human settlements. To improve that resilience, we recommend adopting a systemism perspective, treating rural human settlements as SES entities, and paying attention to the important role of rural inhabitants as the main body of environmental governance. Additionally, tailored environmental governance measures should be developed based on the resilience characteristics and interactions between the subsystems. The research results expand the application field of SES theory and provide novel insights and valuable theoretical guidance for studying the resilience of rural human settlements. ● Rural human settlements (RHS) are a typical social-ecological system (SES). ● The SES framework provides an important theoretical perspective for understanding and evaluating RHS resilience. ● The dimensions of actor and governance systems have an important impact on the resilience of RHS. ● This paper provides new empirical evidence from China to expand upon the conclusions of previous theoretical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the road structure, the pavement is in direct contact with the wheel, and its daily maintenance is very important. Traditional pavement damage detection relies heavily on manual work, which is inefficient and unsafe. In this paper, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used to pick up the pavement damage image, and then combine the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) algorithm and the cloud model theory to construct a damage identification and evaluation model. In the experimental stage, a road in Chongqing, China is selected to verify the model. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model in pavement damage identification exceeds 82.5%, and the performance is good. In addition, in the evaluation case, the lightest damage is the crack, and the most serious is the rut. For the hollow and block repair, the texture feature cloud droplet membership ratio of the two is mostly between 0.5 and 0.6, indicating that the damage state of the pavement is evolving from slight to moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on Public Service Efficiency (PSE) can provide effective clues for city governors to plan the public service provision well. Whilst extant studies have extensively explored PSE performance, they are hardly oriented to resident perception. In light of this gap, this study presents a PSE evaluation framework by considering the resident perception. The study aims to uncover the PSE performance and to examine the temporal evolution and spatial disparities in a sample of 35 representative Chinese cities. To this end, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index are applied, and the data adopted covers the period from 2012 to 2020. The demonstration findings are as follows. (1) The majority of cities in the sample were found to have efficient public services, with the Central region performing better than the Eastern and Western regions in terms of PSE. (2) The Malmquist index shows an overall decline in PSE over the surveyed period except for Chongqing and Shenzhen. (3) The Malmquist index reveals that the Eastern region exhibited the highest degree of volatility, with the Western and Central regions following closely behind. Theoretically, this study provides an effective framework for investigating PSE by taking resident perception into account. The methodology adopted in this study exemplifies how to examine PSE in considering resident perception in a broad context internationally. Practically, the evaluation results can provide valuable references for local managers to customize measures to elevate PSE performance. • Evaluation of public service efficiency enriches the public service research field. • Considering resident perception when constructing the public service efficiency framework. • Subjective and objective data are included in public service evaluation. • Targeted policies are provided based on the empirical results. • This paper sets an example for other cities or countries to accurately evaluate their public service efficiency performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the challenge of global tourism resources being overloaded or underutilization, there requires an adequate method for assessing the tourism resource carrying capacity (TRCC). However, the majority of previous evaluation perspectives on TRCC are limited by thresholds. This paper develops an innovative approach for assessing TRCC from the "load-carrier" perspective. TRCC is assessed by exploring the interaction between the carriers and loads of tourism resources. Chongqing city in China is employed as the case city to demonstrate the application of the established TRCC method. The conclusions are as follows: 1) This study elaborates the new connotation of TRCC from the perspective of "load-carrier", and establishes the TRCC evaluation system based on the dynamic relationship between the carrier and load of tourism resources. 2) The proposed TRCC evaluation method is proved effective through an empirical study of Chongqing. 3) Chongqing's case unveils that the overload performance of TRCC can be dynamically monitored and predicted. By applying the TRCC evaluation methodology developed in this study, tourism managers and policymakers can identify whether it is the load or the carrier of tourism resources that affect the performance of TRCC, thereby taking targeted policy measures to eliminate potential risks of overload or underutilization. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People's outdoor thermal comfort under hot conditions have been widely investigated, while the ones in cold environments have not. To address this gap, this paper presented an empirical study for understanding people's thermal sensations and comfort in cold-humid environments of Chongqing, a typical city with cold-humid winter in China. Based on data collected by field measurement and questionnaire survey, we statistically analysed respondents' wintertime thermal sensation vote, thermal comfort vote, and thermal acceptable vote for microclimate parameters in different scenarios including age group, weather, and space. The results indicate that activity dominated thermal sensations and comfort, and thermal feelings got better with activity intensity. An experience of staying in air-conditioned environments was better to improve thermal sensations, while outdoor duration deteriorated thermal perceptions. Those impacts were intervened by weather, age, and spatial characteristics. Solar radiation and air temperature were critical for thermal perceptions, while respondents' satisfaction with them was less than that with wind and relative humidity. Wind generally harmed thermal sensation vote and thermal comfort vote, if the wind could make a significant difference. Accordingly, some suggestions were proposed for creating healthy and comfortable outdoor thermal environments, which is imperative to support proper urban planning and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Awareness and knowledge of heat impact reduction were lower than perceived severity. • Heat-induced psychological impacts were more common than physiological impacts. • Men were more vulnerable in physiological impacts and daily functioning disruption. • Economic condition was not a critical factor affecting heat-related responses. • Younger generation had not well prepared for urban heat challenges. Urban heat, the combined effect of heatwaves and urban heat islands (UHIs), is a severe challenge for many cities around the world. While there have been numerous studies on urban heat, society's understanding of it is still insufficient, hindering its mitigation and adaptation. This paper aims to investigate people's vulnerability to, and perception, awareness and knowledge of, urban heat. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 562 respondents in the hot and humid city of Chongqing, China in the summer of 2020. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and logistic regression. Results indicated that urban heat is generally understood as having a moderate severity, while there is limited knowledge of heat-related risks. The perceived heat-related psychological impacts are more severe than physiological impacts. There is limited awareness and knowledge of heat-impact reduction methods. Nevertheless, people's awareness, perception and knowledge of urban heat increase once they suffer heat-induced impacts, indicating exposure/experience-driven awareness and knowledge. Moreover, climate injustice among different groups (e.g. gender, age, education, income, health) of people related to heat challenges was identified. People's perception, vulnerability, awareness and knowledge increased with age, but interestingly decreased with increasing education level and improved health conditions. Economic factor was not critical to heat-related responses. Men could be more vulnerable to physiological symptoms and daily functioning than women. The results of this study provide an understanding of urban heat perception and adaptive knowledge, enabling practitioners and policy makers to formulate effective urban heat mitigation and adaptation policies and regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of infrastructure mega-projects (IMPs) have been built worldwide over the past decades, that comprehensively assess the performance of operation and maintenance (O&M) are rare. This paper attempts to identify indicators to assess the O&M performance, literature review, document analysis, and Delphi method are used to determine 23 indicators, and an evaluation model combining entropy weight and improved D-S evidence theory was proposed. The indicator system and evaluation model can be validated by taking the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway as an example. The results revealed the comprehensive O&M performance of project is good, the evaluation grades of social relations, economic benefits and operational capability are all good, while the environmental benefits is fair. It is importance to reduce the negative impact on the surrounding environment, improve the utilization rate and enhance the sustainable development of the IMP. Furthermore, the improvement strategies of O&M performance were formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impact of UASS on carbon emissions. Population and economic factor are taken into the measurement of UASS. GTWR model is to analyze the spatial and temporal differences. BTH, YRD, CP and MRYR show the characteristics of multi-center structure in 2019. PGDP and EI have positive impacts on carbon emissions in all urban agglomerations. To highlight the impact mechanism of spatial structure on carbon emission, this study calculates the spatial structure index of six urban agglomerations in China from the perspective of population and economy by using the rank-size rule. The Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model is used to analyze the spatial and temporal differences of the impact of spatial structure on carbon emissions in different urban agglomerations. The research results reveal that the carbon emissions of Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and Central Plains (CP) are much higher than that of the other three urban agglomerations. Chengdu-Chongqing (CY) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) show the characteristics of single-center structure, while the other four urban agglomerations show the characteristics of multi-center structure in 2019. The impact of spatial structures on carbon emissions of Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta have experienced the process from positive impact to negative impact. The findings show that the multi-center structure of some urban agglomerations does not achieve the effect of carbon emission reduction to a certain extent, but promotes carbon emission. Therefore, it is not advisable to set the spatial structure of urban agglomeration as a unified model. The government should optimize the spatial structure of urban agglomerations according to the time evolution and internal characteristics of urban agglomerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]