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Corn silk is the long shiny fibers at the top of an ordinary ear of corn (Zea mays). Corn silk contains phytochemicals of medical benefit such as flavonoids compounds which act as antioxidant agents and has been widely reported possess hepatoprotective effect. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of corn silk extract on carbonated alcoholic herbal beverages (CAHB) induced hepatoxicity in adult Wistar rats. A total of forty five adult Wistar rats weighing between 200g and 250g were randomly assigned into nine groups of five rats each in a group. Group A was the normal control group (no CAHB administration). Groups B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I were the CAHB intoxicated groups and treated with corn silk extract at different doses. After administering a carbonated alcoholic herbal beverage, there was a substantial increase (p≤0.05) in the mean concentration of liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, ALT), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. While those characteristics reversed to values similar to the control after being treated with varying doses of corn silk extract The oxidative stress parameter (SOD, GPX, Catalase, MDA) shown significant increase in group. Histological examination of the liver revealed infiltrate of inflammatory cells, vascular ulceration, periportal infiltration of inflammatory cell, and vascular congestion in a group treated with carbonated alcoholic herbal beverages (CAHB). The only group exhibiting normal hepatocyte morphology and kupffer cell activity was the one administered 200 mg/kg of maize silk extract. Group D showed a similar and more powerful hepatic architecture after receiving only 600 mg/kg of maize silk extract. The hepatoprotective and anti-oxidative effects of corn silk extract were confirmed by the treatment groups (200 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg), which displayed normal hepatocytes with minor vascular congestion, respectively. Corn silk administration lowers a number of the harmful effects of in vivo carbonated alcoholic herbal beverage administration in the liver of Wister rats, according to the findings in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The main aim was to do a systematic review on the published studies to determine kidney disease in pre- and post-liver transplant and its determinants of liver transplantation. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (2020) guidelines were followed to conduct this study. All procedures followed the recommendations found in the Cochrane handbook. Full-text studies, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pre- and post-liver transplantation were included in this study. We included papers from PsycINFO, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Google, and the Cochrane Library in order to identify additional articles, even though the review ultimately covered all research. Results: A total of 884 references were removed because they were duplicates. The preliminary screening removed 201 of the 243 citations from consideration. There were 37 full-text articles considered for inclusion, but only 9 met the criteria; all the nine articles were very high quality. Totally 1846 patients were studied in this review from all the nine articles with an average age of 51.32 years. All articles were single-center prospective and retrospective observational studies. Conclusion: Kidney failure following liver transplantation is a prevalent and life-threatening complication. Complex events before and after LT cause the condition. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score-based organ allocation change is largely responsible for its rapid growth. The majority of studies indicated kidney function declined over time. This highlights the importance of monitoring liver transplant patients' kidney function and CKD symptoms. Delaying or decreasing tacrolimus administration may help kidney functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants, as a good therapeutic strategy, can be used to treat a wide spectrum of diseases. Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) is a plant from Apiaceae family. Numerous reports indicate that C. sativum has positive effects on anxiety, seizure, learning and memory ability, as well as pain. This annual plant can also treat colitis, increase appetite, reduce blood pressure, and attenuate myocardial damage. Additionally, it improves liver and kidney function and diabetes mellitus and inhibits osteoclast activity. These beneficial effects of C. sativum mainly are attributed to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. The present paper reviews the impacts of C. sativum on different body systems. Information was extracted by searching the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from January 2010 until the end of February 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver transplantation is often the last treatment option for patients with massive liver disease and associated liver dysfunction. However, the transport of donor organs is often done via static cold storage (SCS), during which the organ is not perfused and can thus be injured. The DeLiver research project was aimed to improve this situation and a new approach to transporting livers grafts using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) was developed. At the same time, the OCS™ Liver, Transmedics Inc., was developed. This NMP system is presented in this paper in comparison with the DeLiver system. The comparison of the DeLiver system with commercially available systems cannot be completed as there are no explicit markers to evaluate the effectiveness of the systems. Possible steps to further improve the use of NMP approaches are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to assess the effects of wonderful kola (Buchholzia coriacea) on biochemical markers such as liver and kidney in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats using appropriate standard techniques. The result showed that Buchholzia coriacea seed extract caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose. The liver function test revealed notable changes in the negative control group compared to the control group, including elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and T.P (*p<0.05). Treatment with Metformin and the high dose of Wonderful Kola exhibited significant improvements in AST, ALT, and ALP levels compared to the negative control (#p<0.05), suggesting potential hepatoprotective effects. The kidney function test, revealed notable difference In comparison to the control group, the negative control group showed significantly (p<0.05) elevated levels of Urea, Creatinine, K, Na, Cl, T.B, and C.B. Treatment with Metformin demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) decrease in Urea and Creatinine levels compared to the negative control. The low and high doses of Wonderful Kola resulted in significant (p<0.05) reductions in Urea, Creatinine, and T.B levels, with the high dose also significantly decreasing Na and Cl levels compared to the negative control. The methanoic extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed possess hypoglycemic properties and may therefore be beneficial in the management of diabetes mellitus at the above dosage and treatment period. Buchholzia coriacea especially at high doses exhibited protective effects on the liver and kidney biochemical markers in alloxan induced diabetic rats, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude oil mediates different form of systemic toxicity among living organisms. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of zinc fortification on food consumption and levels of serum hepatic markers in male Wistar Albino rats feed with crude oil adulterated diet using standard methods. The results showed that fortification did not significantly enhanced feed intake but positively enhanced weight gain and liver function markers. The outcome of this study elucidated the potency of the biological activities of zinc in ameliorating crude oil toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional maize-plantain puddings are usually cooked in diverse containers such as aluminium plates, cast iron plates and all types of edible plant leaves. This paper therefore, evaluates biochemical markers of liver and kidney function of mature albino male rats fed with maize-plantain pudding delicacy cooked in aluminium and cast iron plates and edible Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Musa paradisiaca (plantain) leaves using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained reveal that the activities of hepatic marker enzymes; alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum and liver were significantly lower in rats given the pudding extracts when compared with the control. No significant differences were observed in urea and creatinine levels in the serum and kidney of rats given pudding extracts as compared to control. In conclusion, this study has proved that maize-plantain pudding organized using ginger leaves, plantain leaves and cast iron plate are beneficial in the maintenance and improvement of liver and kidney function when compared with aluminium plate. However, in this efficacy maize-plantain pudding cooked using ginger leaves was found to be more effective than the pudding cooked using plantain leaves and cast iron plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol S (BPS) is commonly used for the industrial production of thermal paper, polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and other materials. Studies have reported that BPS can lead to triglyceride (TAG) or/and cholesterol (CHO) accumulation in the liver in zebrafish and mice, but the reasons for the different types of lipids that accumulate in the liver following BPS exposure are unclear. Here, the influences of lower-dose (10 mg/kg body weight/day) and high-dose (50 mg/kg body weight/day) BPS exposure to male SD rats on the accumulation of different lipids in the liver were explored. The results indicated that BPS treatment increased the levels of acetyl-CoA and glycogen in the liver. A lower dose of BPS upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (srebp1), which is involved in the de novo synthesis of TAG in the liver, thus promoting the synthesis of glycerides (diacetylglyceride and TAG). However, a higher dose of BPS induced CHO accumulation, but inhibited the mRNA expression of genes (i.e., srebp2, hmgcr and hmgcs) involved in the de novo synthesis of CHO in the liver. Excessive accumulation of glycerides and CHO led to destruction of the physiological structure of rat liver, causing disorders in liver function. Our data provide new insight into the different mechanisms by which glyceride and CHO accumulate in the liver after BPS exposure. [Display omitted] • Continuous oral exposure to BPS can induce lipid accumulation in male rat liver. • Lower-dose BPS promotes synthesis of glycerolipid by mediating SREBP1c. • The cholesterol accumulation in higher-dose BPS group may be regulated by SREBP2. • BPS exposure leads to lipid droplet formation and function disorders in rat liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to examine the impact of flavonoid osajin (OSJ) on liver damage induced by sepsis. A total of 30 male rats were divided into 5 groups (Sham, sepsis, OSJ 150, OSJ 300 and reference). During sepsis, elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and catalase activity (CAT) and decreased glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in hepatic tissues of sepsis group in comparison with Sham group. A strong interleukin-33 and caspase-3 expressions were detected in hepatic tissues of sepsis group. On the contrary, OSJ administration to OSJ 300 group showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in LPO level (176±2.926) and significant increase (P < 0.001) in GSH level (10.586±0.083) and SOD activity (29.152±0.094) in comparison with sepsis group (185.777±1.735, 8.246±0.124, 24.307±0.379 respectively). In addition, the consumption of OSJ reduced expressions of interleukin-33 and caspase-3 and improved histopathological integrity. In conclusions, OSJ has hepatoprotective effect against sepsis-induced liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated and accurate liver vessel segmentation is essential for clinical diagnosis and treatment, but the segmentation of small vessels still remains challenging due to their intricate topology and image noise. Most existing methods focus on reducing information loss during multiple single down-sampling steps, often neglecting to utilize multi-scale contextual information. This restricts the ability of the decoding process to capture contextual information from multiple receptive fields, resulting in the loss of high-level semantic details. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a hierarchical inter-scale multi-scale feature fusion network for liver vessel segmentation called HI-Net. It includes a hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion module and several inter-scale dense connections to integrate different levels of feature information and mitigate the potential loss of high-level semantic information. In addition, deep supervision is also introduced to accelerate network convergence and enhance its ability to learn semantic features. Extensive experiments were conducted on the publicly available 3Dircadb dataset for liver vessel segmentation. The results demonstrated remarkable performance with 75.36% dice and 78.95% sensitivity, surpassing existing advanced liver vessel segmentation methods. • Propose a HI-Net framework for liver vessel segmentation. • Design a hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion module. • Introduce a three-dimensional deep supervision mechanism. • The proposed method achieves advanced experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: At the therapeutic doses, diclofenac sodium (DFS) has few toxic side effects on mammals. On the other hand, DFS exhibits potent toxicity against birds and the mechanisms remain ambiguous. Objectives: This paper was designed to probe the toxicity of DFS exposure on the hepatic proteome of broiler chickens. Methods: Twenty 30-day-old broiler chickens were randomized evenly into two groups (n = 10). DFS was administered orally at 10 mg/kg body weight in group A, while the chickens in group B were perfused with saline as a control. Histopathological observations, serum biochemical examinations, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess the liver injury induced by DFS. Proteomics analysis of the liver samples was conducted using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology. Results: Ultimately, 201 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained, of which 47 were up regulated, and 154 were down regulated. The Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted to screen target DEPs associated with DFS hepatotoxicity. The regulatory relationships between DEPs and signaling pathways were embodied via a protein-protein interaction network. The results showed that the DEPs enriched in multiple pathways, which might be related to the hepatotoxicity of DFS, were "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum," "retinol metabolism," and "glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism." Conclusions: The hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens might be achieved by inducing the apoptosis of hepatocytes and affecting the metabolism of retinol and purine. The present study could provide molecular insights into the hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abdominal tumor is a general term for tumors in kidney, liver and pancreas. Accurate segmentation of abdominal tumors is essential for their treatment. However, the varying shapes and sizes of abdominal organs result in significant differences in tumor regions. Existing convolution neural networks (CNNs) can only accurately segment individual abdominal tumors, lacking sufficient generalizability. We aim to design a network that can achieve good segmentation results for different abdominal tumors. To this end, a Spider-net to segment tumors is presented in this paper, which consists of a high-resolution multi-scale attention encoder and a full-attention decoder. Additionally, scale attention that integrates channel attention and spatial attention is designed for generating output. We have also designed a classification branch to distinguish whether the segmented region is a real tumor area or another benign lesion. We train and evaluate the Spider-net on three different organs: the kidney, pancreas, and liver. Spider-net achieves state-of-the-art results compared to methods that only use CNNs or transformers. Code are available at https://github.com/h2440222798/HRMA. [Display omitted] • Convolution and vision transformer are combined in a high-resolution structure. • A lightweight patch embedding and cross-layer fusion are employed for reducing the parameters of the encoder. • The fusions of different attention modules are proposed for decoding. • Incorporating both channel and spatial attention into the scale attention for generating the output. • A new classification branch are proposed for classify if current slice contains tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin (CUR) is a compound extracted from turmeric that has a variety of functions including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. As an estrogen-like mycotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN) not only attacks the reproductive system, but also has toxic effects on the liver. However, whether CUR can alleviate ZEN-induced liver injury remains unclear. This paper aims to investigate the protective effect of CUR against ZEN-induced liver injury in mice and explore the molecular mechanism involved. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control (CON) group, CUR group (200 mg/kg b. w. CUR), ZEN group (40 mg/kg b. w. ZEN) and CUR+ZEN group (200 mg/kg b. w. CUR+40 mg/kg b. w. ZEN). 28 d after ZEN exposure and CUR treatment, blood and liver samples were collected for subsequent testing. The results showed that CUR reversed ZEN-induced hepatocyte swelling and necrosis in mice. It significantly reduced the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in mice (p < 0.05). In addition, CUR significantly reduced hepatic ROS, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and apoptosis levels in mice (p < 0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that CUR significantly reduced the expression of Bax and Caspase3, and reversed the increase of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression in the liver of mice induced by ZEN (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CUR alleviated ZEN-induced liver injury in mice by scavenging ROS and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. [Display omitted] • Zearalenone could cause liver damage through oxidative stress and apoptosis. • Curcumin could reduce ZEN-induced liver injury. • Curcumin could clear excess reactive oxygen species. • Curcumin could inhibit mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive effects of calorie restrictions (CR) and EOD include decreased body weight, prolonged life span, but also changes in metabolism of the liver. In present paper our aim was to examine antioxidative enzymes: Catalase (CAT) and Manganese superoxidative dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx-4) in connection to caspase-3 and inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and TNF- α) in EOD liver tissue in comparison to control mice. After 9 months of EOD treatment male mouse liver tissue was harvested and prepared for analysis. Protein semi-quantitative estimation and cellular immunolocalization was performed for CAT, SOD2, Gpx-4, caspase-3, IL-1β and TNF- α in liver tissue of mice fed every-other day in comparison to control (AL fed) animals. After prolonged EOD feeding in mice we observed decreased level of SOD2 and Gpx-4, decreased caspase-3, IL-1β and TNF-α expression in liver tissue on protein level measured by semi-quantitative DAB staining intensity. For the first time we showed immunolocalization of major antioxidative enzymes (CAT, SOD2, Gpx-4) in liver tissue after DR. Decrease of two major antioxidant enzymes combined with decrease of apoptotic marker and inflammatory factors indicate decrease in oxidative stress as the result of fast in EOD feeding regime. • Dietary regimes influence oxidative stress level in liver. • Prolonged every-other day (EOD) feeding reduces SOD2 and GPX-4 in liver cells. • Prolonged EOD reduces caspase-3 and IL-1β in liver. • SOD2 and GPX-4 are expressed in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and LSEC in normal liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical properties are important markers for pathological processes in tissue. Elastography techniques are therefore becoming more and more useful for diagnostics. In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), however, the probe size is limited and the handling is restricted, thereby excluding the application of most established elastography techniques. In this paper we introduce water flow elastography (WaFE) as a new technique that benefits from a small and inexpensive probe. This probe flows pressurized water against the sample surface to locally indent it. The volume of the indentation is measured with a flow meter. We use finite element simulations to find the relation between the indentation volume, the water pressure, and the Young's modulus of the sample. We used WaFE to measure the Young's modulus of silicone samples and porcine organs, finding agreement within 10% to measurements with a commercial material testing machine. Our results show that WaFE is a promising technique for providing local elastography in MIS. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a pathological-radiological correlation of the manifestation of mucosal cystadenoma with ovarian stroma of the liver with examination and correlation with the new stroma nomenclature and differential diagnostic dilemmas of radiologists and pathologists. • Imaging methods are crucial for making a working diagnosis for cystic liver changes. • Radiological differential diagnostic of cystic liver changes is quite difficult. • Histological examination is used for the final diagnosis of the mucinous cystadenoma of the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]