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Historically solid waste was commonly landfilled in the coastal zone in sites with limited engineering to isolate waste from adjacent coastal environments. Climate change is increasing the likelihood that these historic coastal landfills will erode releasing solid waste to the coastal zone. Historic coastal landfills are frequently located near designated ecological sites; yet, there is little understanding of the environmental risk posed by released waste. This research investigated inorganic and organic contaminant concentrations in a range of solid waste materials excavated from two historic coastal landfills, and the potential ecological impact should eroded waste be released to the coastal environment. Contaminant concentrations in the analysed waste materials exceeded sediment quality guidelines, indicating erosion of historic coastal landfills may pose a significant environmental threat. Paper and textile wastes were found to make a significant contribution to the total contaminant load, suggesting risk assessments should consider a wide range of solid waste materials. • Climate change may increase the risk of historic waste eroding into the coastal zone. • Contaminant concentrations are highly variable between and within historic landfills. • Release of solid waste would have significant ecological impact. • Release of textiles, paper and wood may all present significant contamination risk. • A screening risk assessment method needs to be developed to prioritise management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is increasingly recognised that the perceptions and lived experiences of climate change are grounded in places. This paper brings together work on place and climate imaginaries to develop a situated and emplaced understanding of climate change futures. Empirically, the paper examines local climate imaginaries on the North Frisian Wadden Sea coast of Germany. The low-lying islands are vulnerable to anthropogenic sea-level rise and face an uncertain future. Based on 21 semi-structured interviews conducted with coastal dwellers, the study examines all interviews from a grounded theory perspective. A refined in-depth analysis of the language helps to reveal climate imaginaries and systematise the ways through which local climate futures are articulated, structured and constructed. The aim of the paper is threefold: to synthesise research undertaken on place and climate imaginaries, to empirically analyse emplaced climate imaginaries and to explore – though tentatively – their role in developing regionally grounded climate change adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of water, employment, and other essential resources has fueled rapid population growth in low-elevation coastal zones (LECZ). The current coastal reservoir concept is outdated and requires improvement to address rising challenges. Coastal reservoirs are sustainable sources of water, but their conservation is vital due to rapid population growth in low-elevation coastal zones. This paper analyzes the impacts of hydrocarbon spills on bluffs and shallow slopes, which pose a serious threat to the environment. The authors propose a new framework for coastal reservoirs that incorporates two crucial factors and aims to resolve current issues. The proposed framework integrates dynamic water behavior and hydrocarbon redistribution, which can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of coastal reservoir systems. The authors emphasize the importance of updating the current framework to ensure sustainable water management practices. The paper provides a solution by constructing a densely compressed clay barrier that prevents oil infiltration or mingling beyond the designated buffer zone on the shoreline, thus preventing sand contamination with oil. A buoyant boom can be placed in front of a dam wall or semipermeable curtain to prevent oil from entering the reservoir. This proactive strategy effectively confines any oil leaks that may occur in the ocean and hinders their progression towards the reservoir, while also safeguarding shoreline slopes, marine life, and ecosystems. • The need to revise the existing approach for Coastal reservoir management. • Dynamic water behavior affects soil suction and hydrocarbon redistribution. • Proactive strategies, such as buoyant booms, can prevent oil from entering reservoirs. • The proposed framework includes two critical factors for improved management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal communities and their environments are facing unprecedented changes, with climate change driving rising global mean sea level, exacerbating extreme sea level events, and increasing hazards. Whilst adaptations to change have been central to coastal life for millennia, climate change brings a speed and intensity of change not previously experienced. Researchers are noting that adaptations are needed that are large scale and systemic with significant changes to lives and livelihoods – Transformational Adaptations – yet there is little evidence of this in practice, and there remains an operationalisation gap between ambitions and actions. This paper uses a qualitative case study method to assess how existing policy may enable and inhibit local stakeholder involvement in transformational adaptation in English coastal flood and erosion risk management. Through twenty interviews with coastal management stakeholders, the capacity for local coastal management stakeholders to initiate transformational adaptation and the perceived involvement of residents are analysed. The results indicate that transformational adaptation remains a distant aspiration in the English coastal management system, with local stakeholders possessing limited capacity to initiate it. The perceived role for residents in adaptation processes is often focused on their being recipients of adaptation interventions, and there are a range of barriers to their further involvement. The paper concludes that despite the theoretical interest in transformational adaptation, there is limited evidence its implementation in English coastal flood and erosion risk management, and there are multiple priority areas for policy development to support capacity for engaged transformational adaptation practices in coastal management contexts. • There are few examples of transformational adaptation in the English coastal flood and erosion risk management. • The perceived role for residents in adaptation processes is often focused on their being recipients of interventions. • There are a range of barriers for local stakeholders to develop and enact coastal adaptation policy or practice. • There are multiple priorities for policy development to support capacity for engaged transformational adaptation practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have analyzed the surface current characteristics along the coast of the Chinese mainland in autumn and winter by the trajectories of coastal drifters in a previous study (Yang et al., 2021). This paper is a follow-up study focusing on the surface current characteristics in spring. By the trajectories of coastal drifters in April-May 2019, we continue to analyze the characteristics of surface currents. It is indicated that: (1) the surface currents were generally southwestward along the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian, while they flowed northeastward in the offshore area in April 2019. (2) In May 2019, the surface current in the sea area north of 28°N had a small speed without a fixed direction nearshore, but had larger speed offshore. (3) The surface currents along the Zhejiang coast were variable in April-May 2019, mainly corresponding to the change of wind field. (4) The coastal drifter is a useful instrument to observe circulation systems more precisely in nearshore but not deep ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The landscape of coastal planning is being transformed by the emergence of new scales of informal planning both alongside and between established statutory planning frameworks. As informal planning arrangements seldom operate within an institutional vacuum, they are frequently confronted by the path-dependent influence of pre-existing statutory planning institutions. However, there remains a marked dearth of knowledge surrounding the interplay between formal legal planning frameworks and informal planning arrangements at the coast. In response to this lacuna, the current paper endeavours to expand the existing comprehension of the influence of formal legal planning frameworks on informal planning processes at the coast by amalgamating legal geographical insights with the expanding discourse surrounding the function of actors' ontological understandings of space in structuring power relations and discursive interaction within planning processes. These insights are applied to a focussed case study of the operation of an informal planning process, the Milnerton Erosion Forum, at Milnerton, a coastal suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. The empirical findings presented in this article demonstrate the involvement of legal planning frameworks in constituting space and structuring power dynamics among actors at Milnerton, as well as the ways in which spatialised legal power is mobilised to influence socio-spatial decision-making within informal planning processes through actors' ontological understandings and representations of places-to-be-planned. Through visibilisng the dialectical relationship between law, space and the power to plan at Milnerton, this article offers nuanced insights into the complex interplay between legal planning frameworks and informal planning practices at the coast. • Case study investigates the interplay between legal planning frameworks and informal planning practices. • Dialectical relationship between law, space and the power to plan. • Legal planning frameworks constitute actors' understandings of coastal space. • Spatialised legal power is mobilised through place-frames. • Spatio-legal place-frames impede adaptive potential of informal coastal planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shoreline and coastline are two important features of the coastal landscape that reflect the natural processes of erosion as well as deposition. Hence, extracting this information has become decisive for the study and analysis of the coastal region including its management and monitoring. Several methods of choosing and extracting the coastline and shoreline were analyzed from various research papers. The manual process of extraction is time-consuming and not efficient. Since automating the extraction using satellite images is ideal but expensive, the purpose of this research is to propose an effective low-cost methodology to achieve easy, accurate, and quick extraction of the coastal features. The study area considered for this research is the 120-acre Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Outstanding Natural Area located in Jupiter, Florida, the USA that has more than 1,000 m (3,500 ft) of dynamic shoreline and coastline individually. Over the past few decades, significant erosion has affected this area due to various natural and anthropogenic factors. In this research, the extraction process was improved by using unmanned aerial systems based multispectral images, especially through RedEdge Micasense sensor to perform Modified Normalized Difference Water Index approach. Shoreline features have been generated through segmentation; vectorization followed by extraction processes in a short span of time without much human intervention. The extracted shoreline was compared with respect to the manually digitized shoreline using transect-based analysis to measure its accuracy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The defense of the Spanish Empire had to be committed to the fortification of coasts and harbours along the World. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain and Portugal were linked. Between Madrid and Lisbon, the kings made decisions about the government and the fortification of half of Europe, the Atlantic archipelagos, America, the coast of Africa from Algeria to Somalia, India and part of Asia. The development of artillery and military technology obliged to improve fortification techniques and apply them globally. The bastioned fortification was, perhaps, the first human product to spread globally throughout the World. So, engineers had to design the defenses of, for example, Oran (in the North of Africa), Terceira (an island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean), Havana (in the Caribbean Sea), the Strait of Magellan (South of Chile) or Manila (Philippines). In several cases, the same engineer had to work in three or four continents. The paper will deal with several notable examples, between the 16th to 19th centuries, with the aim to show the transmission and application of the technical knowledge by the hand of engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 2000 s the demand for sand has proliferated at the coastal-land interface to fill up the increasing demand straining Blue Economy (BE) activities and provision of water-energy-food resources. Recent studies have revealed that increased sand mining in both coastal and freshwater zones has continued to impact livelihood-ecological systems threatening the provision of livelihood goods and services. These impacts are exacerbated by a lack of comprehensive frameworks to regulate sand mining and trade; creating the need to develop micro and macro-frameworks and guidelines for sustainable sand mining. This paper uses a non-systematic literature review approach to build on this gap to develop an understanding of the resource nexus perspectives and trade-offs due to sand mining. The paper proposes a novel framework based on the Ecosystem Service Assessment advanced from the review of the literature to guide risk assessments toward more sustainable sand mining. In order to add evidence, the paper analyses in-depth the state of Kerala - one of India's coastal states that has experienced unprecedented rates of sand mining since the 1990 s especially along the Chavara coast albeit with less research on the intersectionality of mining on the resource nexus. Both the framework and our case study highlight how sand mining stresses local ecosystems and livelihoods thus increasing vulnerability to both human and environmental impacts. The paper brings to the fore seven (7) key steps that local institutions can use to guide sustainable sand mining and build integrated governance systems that promote interaction among natural capitals in a given area and livelihood considerations. The article further documents that the use of coherent guidelines and the framework can help in amalgamating the various actors in a given system that can guide local participation in local resource management and the development of cooperative agreements for the sustainable utilization of resources among coastal communities. This could further help understand the resource nexus from the perspective of the synergies and trade-offs in the BE. • The Blue Economy and Resource Nexus offer new pathways for sustainable livelihoods. • But, the proliferation of sand mining is increasing trade-offs thus livelihood and ecosystem vulnerability. • A lack of a comprehensive sand mining governance framework increases such vulnerability. • The developed novel framework based on Ecosystem Service Assessment can help reverse these externalities and trade-offs. • Our framework integrated new insights on sand mining governance that could be leveraged at all levels [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a particle tracking model to simulate the distribution of fishing-related marine-sourced plastic litter from demersal trawling activities along the Atlantic coast of Scotland. The modelled fishing litter dispersed widely across the region, with ∼50% of the particles beaching along the northwestern Scottish coast after a year-long simulation. The model was tuned using observations of beached litter loadings along the same coastline to estimate the annual input, by mass, of small (<1 kg) plastic litter. Model results suggest that between 107 g and 280 g of small fishing-related litter enters the ocean per hour of fishing, resulting in an estimated 234 t to 614 t of small fishing-related litter entering the ocean annually on the Scottish west coast. These results suggest that fishing on the Atlantic coast of Scotland may be a significant source of marine plastic. However, more modelled and observational data are required to reduce uncertainty. • Fishing is a significant source of plastic litter on the west coast of Scotland. • A model calibrated by field data is used to predict mass input of fishing litter. • An estimated 107–280 g of small fishing litter enters the ocean per hour of fishing. • Each year, 234–614 t of small fishing litter enters the ocean in western Scotland. • Remote, less-populated coastlines, found higher levels of fishing-related litter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate risks threaten the coastal areas all over the world. In the case of India, which has a densely populated coastline of 7516.6 km, developing effective policies and management strategies to cope with the current and future climate risks is imperative. The paper attempts to identify the major climate risks faced by coastal India through a systematic literature review between 1991 and 2022. Cyclones, Sea Level Rise, Floods, and Rainfall extremes accounted for more than 60 percent of the climate risks/issues on the Indian coast, with more pronounced incidences in the eastern coastal states than the western coastal states. We further analysed how different acts and policies associated with coastal management have addressed climate risks through a qualitative assessment of climate action plans of the Indian coastal states following the concept matrix approach. The results revealed that though a national-level policy is absent specifically for addressing coastal climate risks and adaptation, the coastal states have specific components on coastal vulnerabilities and adaptation. Further review of different states' disaster management acts, and policies emphasized the need for micro-level planning for climate-inclusive disaster management and building capacities of the concerned officials. The review of the evolution of coastal zone management in India revealed that there has been a dilution in the conservation of coastal ecosystems and reduction of no development zone under the pretext of enhancing livelihoods. The overall analysis of the national and state action plans, disaster management policies, and coastal regulation zone notifications in India shows that there is a need to include emerging climate risks in integrated planning and promote synergy amongst different sectors and institutions related to coastal governance and blue economy. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coastal sedimentary record of Galicia (NW Spain) is important to study sea-level oscillations during the Late Quaternary. The alluvial deposits preserved in the Ria de Coruña and Ria de Arousa are remnants of fluvial valleys flooded by the sea during the successive Pleistocene and Holocene transgressions. A first chronological study by Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL)- revealed a fast-component dominated, but dim OSL signal emitted by quartz from this area. Equivalent dose distributions, as obtained with the Analyst software, yielded large overdispersion values, which were negatively correlated to the potassium concentration in the sediment, thus suggesting the influence of beta dose rate heterogeneities. Nevertheless, for most samples many aliquots were considered in saturation, leading to a palaeodose and age underestimation – regardless of the model choice for age calculation. In this paper, we present new analyses using the open-source R package BayLum, as the so-called saturated aliquots may be incorporated in age calculation. Thus, we test this model performance and more commonly used models in retrieving large doses. Then, we discuss the implications for age calculation for these continental sediments formed during the Late Pleistocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sea level rise due to atmospheric warming, is one the phenomena the most treated by the scientific researchers IPCC. One of the regions most affected by this phenomenon on Algerian coast is the region of Zemmouri, located northwest of Algiers, on over 55 km of coastline between Cape Matifou in the West and Cape Djinet in the East. Objective of this paper is to evaluate the CVIPhys (physical coastal vulnerability) and the CVIeco (socioeconomic vulnerability). We helped mapping the zones most vulnerable to climate change by using a geographic information system (GIS). Firstly, the CVIPhys was calculated by using six physical variables, these include geomorphology, coastal slope, mean tidal range, wave height, coastal erosion rate and sea level rise. Secondly, CVIeco was determined by using six variables, including population, cultural heritage, roads, railroads, land use and conservation designation. The results obtained from CVIPhys show that 52% (24.58 km) of the eastern coastline has a high to very high vulnerability. According to the values obtained from CVIeco, the most vulnerable areas represent 36% (30 km) along the coast. These results can be used by decision makers and planners in the integrated management of coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeologia Lituana is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the abundance and ubiquitous presence of microplastics in a protected coastal zone located in the southeast of Spain: The Mar Menor lagoon, an important tourist destination in this region. Seventeen sampling sites, corresponding to both intertidal and backshore points, were collected during winter 2017 and 2018, being situated in different protected areas according to international, European and Spanish environmental policies. The main objectives of the study were to examine microplastics in both protected and non-protected areas, and to test the importance of local activities on their presence. Northwest samples reported higher average microplastic concentrations than samples collected in the southeastern part of the coastal lagoon, likely due to the extensive use of sludge from wastewater treatment plants besides the fragmentation of low density polyethylene from plastic greenhouses, being microplastic films also higher for northwest than for southeast samples. Moreover, large inter-site differences observed in microplastic concentrations also demonstrated that local activities, mainly tourism and fishery, may play an important role as microplastic sources. The extensive amount of 17 different polymer types identified in this paper, much higher than most reported in similar studies, together with the variety of colors of microplastics most of them in a fragmented form (59.4%) and mainly detected in urban beaches, should be related to the geographical situation of this coastal lagoon, together with enormous environmental passives accumulated over the past 50 years. Only polyvinyl ester resins proved to be statistically higher in non-protected than in protected zones, probably related to their use in manufacturing boat hulls, although sources and pathways for microplastics are always difficult to assess. Measures to avoid microplastic pollution should be taken through educational programs, with also a clear commitment from plastic producers and transformers. Image 1 • Microplastic represented 51.1% of total microlitter. • Microplastic concentrations were highest northwest, consistent with water runoff. • Local activities; i.e., tourism and fishery, also influence microplastic abundance. • Film forms mainly made up of LDPE were present as a consequence of plastic greenhouses degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Terrain displacements analysis over the city of Rize (Turkey), reported at risk of collapse. • Sentinel-1 capability demonstration for subsidence estimation on reclaimed lands. • Media fact-check approach on quantification of local analysis over critical infrastructures, landfill areas and residential complexes. • Identification of constructions at risk of damage and potential loss of structural integrity. Abstract Massive amounts of land are being reclaimed to build airports, new cities, ports, and highways. Hundreds of kilometers are added each year, as coastlines are extended further out to the sea. In this paper, this urbanization approach is monitored by Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique with Sentinel-1 SAR data. The study aims to explore this technology in order to support local authorities to detect and evaluate subtle terrain displacements. For this purpose, a large 3-years Sentinel-1 stack composed by 92 images acquired between 07/01/2015 to 27/01/2018 is employed and stacking techniques are chosen to assess ground motion. The test site of this study, Rize, Turkey, has been declared at high risk of collapse and radical solutions such as the relocation of the entire city in another area are been taken into consideration. A media fact-checking approach, i.e. evaluating national and international press releases on the test site, is considered for the paper and this work presents many findings in different areas of the city. For instance, alerts are confirmed by inspecting several buildings reported by the press. Critical infrastructures are monitored as well. Portions of the harbor show high displacement rates, up to 1 cm/year, proving reported warnings. Rural villages belonging to the same municipality are also investigated and a mountainous village affected by landslide is considered in the study. Sentinel-1 is demonstrated to be a suitable system to detect and monitor small changes or buildings and infrastructures for these scenarios. These changes may be highly indicative of imminent damage which can lead to the loss of the structural integrity and subsequent failure of the structure in the long-term. In Rize, only a few known motion-critical structures are monitored daily with in-situ technologies. SAR interferometry can assist to save expensive inspection and monitoring services, especially in highly critical cases such as the one studied in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the surface current characteristics along the coast of the Chinese mainland in autumn and winter by the trajectories of coastal drifters and remote sensing data. The results show the following: (1) During autumn and winter 2018, the paths of drifters were consistent with that of the Zhe-Min Coastal Water, while the Zhe-Min Coastal Water had a branch intruding the coast of Taiwan Island. (2) When the northeast monsoon weakened or changed direction in a short period, the Zhe-Min Coastal Water showed a reverse flow. (3) In the northeastern South China Sea, the drifter path meandered due to a dipole’s influence. (4) Around the frontal area near the Taiwan Bank, the paths of drifters showed a 12.4-h periodic variation, which was mainly controlled by the tidal current. These findings show that the coastal drifter is a useful tool to observe surface currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European coastline has undergone a transformation in becoming a significant sector of the economy. The economic importance of aquaculture, coastal and maritime tourism, and industry based on oceanic energy is crucial for explaining that transformation. The European "blue growth" generates employment and economic opportunities but could have major environmental effects on coastal zones. This could become inimical to small-scale fishing and those communities that depend heavily on fishing. This paper studies the Spanish fishers' perceptions to the linkages between the Blue Growth and small-scale fishing. Results show a significantly positive attitude toward potential contribution of blue growth to socioeconomic development and a significantly negative perception on environmental impact of such activities. Interactions are identified as well as possible opportunities that Blue Growth could offer to small-scale fishing. Recommendations for Blue Growth strategy are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book entitled Les voyages auantureux by Jean Alfonse is thought to include the earliest description of the continental land mass, Java la Grande, which the cartographers of Dieppe depicted on their mid sixteenthcentury maps as being attached to islands of the Indonesian archipelago. The importance of Alfonse's description has been overlooked, probably because his book's hydrographical data has not been mapped. Presented in this paper is a chart of the South Pacific Ocean drawn up according to Alfonse's data, which has been remedied, where his data are defective, by reasonable regular values. The chart shows substantial differences from the later Dieppe maps. The form of South America and the location of the islands that Magellan found on his crossing of the South Pacific in 1521 resemble, not the Dieppe maps, but their presentation on the maps of earlier map makers such as Johannes Schöner and his followers. The coasts on the western side of the Pacific Ocean resemble Java la Grande on the Dieppe maps, but their dimensions suggest that Alfonse's land mass is a primitive form of it. Alfonse's land mass is much smaller than Java la Grande and its eastern coast is open at both ends. Moreover, his account suggests that part of the west coast of Java is a reduplication and enlargement of the real west coast of Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the distribution and chemical properties of beached plastic pellets along the Ionian and Tyrrhenian coasts of Southern Italy. Three locations have been sampled: Agnone Bagni (SR) and Paradiso (ME) on the Ionian coast of Sicily, Baia del Tono in Milazzo (ME) on the Sicilian Tyrrhenian coast, and Pizzo Calabro (VV) in Calabria on the Tyrrhenian coast. Variations in shape, size, compactness, color, and other physical features, correlated with residence times and transport, has been highlighted. Raman spectroscopy, used in a portable configuration, enabled rapid identification of polymer types, demonstrating its utility for on-site plastic pollutant monitoring. Polyethylene and polypropylene were the predominant polymers. Principal component analysis of the spectra determined the optimal chemometric classification of pellets by composition, avoiding interference or distortion. In conclusion, the study provided preliminary insights into pellet abundance, composition, weathering extent, and distribution across these shorelines, underscoring the importance of regular beach monitoring. [Display omitted] • Polyethylene and polypropylene dominate as plastic pellets across sampled beaches. • Portable Raman spectroscopy enabled detailed and fast polymer characterization. • PCA enabled categorizing pellets by composition from spectral data. • Coastal geomorphology affects spatial accumulation patterns. • Weathered pellets indicate prolonged residence times in marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal zones, as interfaces between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, possess great ecological and economic value but are environmentally fragile. This research provides a new perspective for studying development and change patterns in coastal zones, offering insights for land planning and contributing to the ecological preservation and sustainable development of coastal areas. We utilized Landsat TM and OLI sensor imagery (from the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020) to extract coastline and land use information from the coastal zone of Shandong Province. Through the establishment of association mining models between coastline changes and land use patterns, the relationships between spatial layout changes and development processes in different geographical locations are revealed. In the initial stage, weak expansion and moderate changes in the coastline corresponded to units with lower land development intensity sequences. In the intermediate stage, with increasing coastline expansion and intense changes, the sequence of land development intensity was extremely strong > strong > moderate > weak from the sea to the land. This type of association was mostly distributed in the Laizhou Bay salt field and coastal port areas and was mostly focused on aquaculture and port trade, causing "strong" and "extremely strong" units of regional land development intensity. In the later stage, as coastline expansion slowed, the use of ports and docks caused the development intensity of the surrounding land to fluctuate. Farming, fishing, salt field and port construction in the coastal zone of Shandong Province were the major forms of land expansion and change. The association rules between coastline expansion or erosion and coastal development intensity revealed the impact of coastline changes on the spatial pattern from sea to land, which is important for planning layouts, optimizing industrial structures, and maximizing socioeconomic and environmental benefits in coastal areas. • This paper had established two association mining models between coastline changes and land use patterns. • This study had revealed the impact of coastline changes on the spatial pattern in the coastal zone of Shandong Province. • Farming, fishing, salt field and port construction were the major forms of land expansion in the research area. • The changes in the coastlines were closely related to land development patterns. • The research results provided informational support to enhance conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of the legislation on coasts in Spain using the methodology of the cycle of public policies. This made it possible to recognize important differences in how the issue of coasts entered into the government agenda, the definition of the problem to be addressed and the design of each of the laws analyzed, mainly due to the influence of the political and economic context. The entry into the government agenda ranges from the need to take advantage of the coast to promote tourism, the recovery of State ownership of the maritime-terrestrial public domain (MTPD) and the attempt to recover private ownership of properties released from the MTPD. In the design, two important elements have been maintained in all three cases: the definition of public domain (PD) goods, and the establishment of easements on privately owned land. In the 1988 and 2013 Laws, the publicist and conservationist legal principles have been maintained, as well as the techniques of the PD and the impact on private rights over properties adjoining the MTPD. The implementation of the laws has been very contrasting. The first law was hardly implemented at all, while the two subsequent laws have been resolutely implemented by the state administration. Finally, the most important elements that are recognized in the evolution of the Coastal Laws is the protection of the PD and the affectation of private property through easements. However, that the legal framework is confusing as two current Laws coexist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine spatial planning (MSP) represents a critical tool for the worldwide design of coastal development and protection strategies. China, as one of the pioneers in establishing comprehensive MSP policies, has created a well-developed marine planning structure—known as the "multi-rule-in-one"—with Marine Functional Zoning (MFZ) serving as a cornerstone for the country's coastal economic and environmental development. Despite its significance, limited studies have presented the practical application of MSP/MFZ policies upon tourism exploitation in coastal regions. This paper fills this research gap by thoroughly examining China's marine planning structure, the implementation of provincial MFZ policy, and the operational mechanisms of these strategies. The analysis focuses on the Xiasha Beach Resort, a case study exemplifying the coordinated efforts required among governments, scientists, and the public for the successful implementation of MFZ policy. Findings from the Xiasha Beach Resort highlight the importance of robust tourist market management, a shift from hard seawall structures towards more eco-friendly alternatives, and a high degree of collaboration among key stakeholders. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of ecosystem-based restoration technology that maintains the integrity of the beach-dune system, fosters diverse vegetation, and encourages adaptive measures such as environmental capacity control. The sustainability of the MSP approach hinges on wide and diverse public participation, as national MSP policies foster trust, credit, and feedback from local citizens, promoting necessary policy adjustments. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights for domestic and international regions seeking to harmonize MSP operations to achieve high-quality coastal economic development and environmental protection targets. • Successful implementation of marine functional zoning policy in coastal tourism exploitation. • Collaborative efforts of governments, scientists, and the public for effective marine spatial planning. • Ecosystem-based restoration technologies for coastal planning are applied in Xiasha Beach Resort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emphasises the long-term historical trajectories of marine resource use in the Philippines through an examination of successive environmental fixes. Based on fieldwork from coastal Mindoro province, the paper shows how the technological intensification and geographical expansion of fisheries, the development of aquaculture and the promotion of tourism represent three forms of environmental fixes that aim to address the problems caused by marine resource declines and subsequent lack of availability of means of production. All three fixes have struggled to reduce environmental pressure or provide a long-term basis for livelihoods. The paper argues that viewing how successive types of environmental fixes unfold over long periods of time highlights how marine resource declines are part of much wider economic and historical processes, with consequent implications for livelihoods and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New multi-sectoral policies with a regional implementation are developed when maritime states recognise the importance of managing the marine environment under an ecosystem-perspective rather than a use-perspective. In Europe, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is the first attempt to promote an integrated management of the seas from the coastline to the limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone. This paper shows that, nine years from the MSFD adoption, there remain several ecological, economic, social and governance challenges. Using information gathered in a dedicated survey of the European Union Marine Strategy Coordination Group and in the recent literature the paper identifies the obstacles preventing a successful regional cooperation and policy integration. The survey indicates that the MSFD coordination structures are, in general, well-developed but there is an apparent lack of political will to coordinate actions at the regional level. Member States request greater flexibility to implement the Directive but they put their national interests before the benefit of a coherent and integrated approach for the entire region. Differences in budget, economic sector predominance, lack of staff and the MSFD short time-scale are identified as the factors that can hamper cooperation. These have produced recommendations of possible strategies for optimising regional coordination structures which respect the subsidiarity principle underpinning the MSFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to provide some calculations on the current water balance for the Vistula Lagoon, which is exceptionally valuable in terms of biology and hydrology. It is located along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in both Poland and Russia. In the era of marked climate change, but first and foremost the plans of the Polish side of the cross-cutting of the Vistula Spit, there has been a need to update the balance data of the Vistula Lagoon. In the near future, they may be an excellent comparative material to changes in the proportions of individual water circulation components in the Vistula Lagoon and changes in its entire ecosystem, caused by the implementation of the project. In the literature on the subject, balance sheet data from 50 years ago are used (these data were compiled in the initial part of the study), hence the concept of attempting to update them has appeared. Due to the lack of data from the Russian part of the catchment area, the main emphasis in the work was put on the completion and modernization of the components of the balance sheet of the Polish catchment. A novelty at work is the refinement of the potamical inflow to the Vistula Lagoon with small but numerous streams flowing from the Elbląg Upland, as well as the inflow forced by polder discharges. Climate water balance data are shown based on data available from IMGW in Warsaw and include monthly precipitation totals for the period 1996-2010 obtained at six gauging sites located near the Vistula Lagoon. Evaporation was calculated using Tichomirov's formula. River water influx was determined based on data available in Kruk (2011), data from IMGW (Pasaka River) and data from papers Bogdanowicz (2007, 2009) and documents associated with the Program for biological passages in rivers in Warminsko-Mazurskie Province (2007). Raw data were also obtained from the Office of Water Management in the city of Elblgg for the period 2006-2011. These data covered water flow moving from the polders. Groundwater influx was estimated using values provided by Silicz (1975). The volume of seawater influx was estimated using the data provided by Silicz (1975) and Chubarenko and Chubarenko (2002). The study confirms that water exchange in coastal lagoons is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of recharge and several different places where water is lost. The complexity of water cycle is enhanced by a complex hydrographic system of lagoon catchments and a complicated system of water exchange with the sea. The total water volume involved in circulation in the Vistula Lagoon is estimated to be 24,225 mln m³ per year. The largest part of the water received by a coastal lagoon comes from the sea. In this case, it is about 77% (18,130 mln m³ per year). In addition, an array of catchment sources yields about 21% of the studied lagoon's water. Its catchment provides an additional 4,974 mln m³ of water. The Pregolya River produces 55% of the catchment influx. The volume of water forcibly produced by area polders is so small that it does not produce an observable effect on the water balance in the Lagoon (about 0.04% of total influx). The precipitation constitutes 2.3% of the power supply source of the Vistula Lagoon. On the other hand, the Strait of Baltiysk constitutes the main outflow pathway for water exiting the Vistula Lagoon - close to 98% of all outflow (23,694 mln m³). The remaining 2% is lost due to evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new high-resolution excavation sequence of a house at the 1st millennium a.d. site of Unguja Ukuu, Zanzibar, with implications for a new and detailed understanding of the period between the 7th and 9th centuries a.d. on the East African coast. This is an important period associated with a broad and distinctive cultural tradition, often seen as a pre- or proto-urban phase. Household excavations at Unguja Ukuu revealed two occupation phases, spanning less than 40 years each. The results here thus present an unprecedented temporal resolution on the site, at the scale of human experience. Excavation and microstratigraphic analyses of multiple floor layers reveal decadal change in occupation at this house. Positioning this house into the broader settlement sequence, we argue for episodic settlement at the site of Unguja Ukuu and draw out detail on how we can explore change at this generational scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the world, farming decision-making has been receiving increasing attention from the academic circles, while there is currently an important research gap regarding coastal farmers' farming decision-making. Natural disasters occur frequently in coastal zones. Farmers, as a rational agent, inevitably have heterogeneous risk preferences. However, few studies have distinguished between subjective and objective risk preferences, and have analyzed the influence of these differences on the final results. In this paper, the Shankou Town in the Hepu County, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China was selected as a typical coastal zone research area. The aim of this study was to analyze subjective and objective risk preferences, build a multi-agent model, and simulate farmers' real farming decision-making. By providing targeted policy recommendations, we believe that our research can contribute to reducing land abandonment. In fact, a wrong perception of the risk preferences may lead to differences in the prediction of future land abandonment. In many cases, farmers do not understand the risk-taking behavior. Therefore, through this method, the severity of land abandonment can be predicted in advance. so that the government can take the necessary measures to prevent and control it, and raise the willingness of farmers for land reconversion. • Risk preference has a driving effect on farmers' farming decisions. • Subjectively, the land abandonment rate will increase by 12.01% in 50 years' time. • Objectively, the land abandonment rate will increase by 16.84%. • It is innovative to distinguish between subjective and objective risk preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archaeologia Baltica is the property of Archaeologia Baltica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper assesses challenges for social impact assessment (SIA) for coastal and offshore infrastructure projects, using the case study of the Tomakomai Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Demonstration Project in Hokkaido, Japan. Interest in SIA and linked concepts such as social licence to operate is growing, yet marine environments also have potential to raise additional complexity in project governance. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in Tomakomai and Japan more widely across the project development and implementation phase, the paper argues that building an understanding of the social, cultural and historical relationship between the community, industry and the sea is crucial to understanding the neutral or cautiously supportive response of the citizens and stakeholders in Tomakomai to the project. Moreover, effective SIA in coastal regions needs to find a way to account for – or at least make visible – these complex relations between society and the sea. Based on the findings, it is suggested that developers or policymakers overseeing SIA in coastal regions ought to pay extra attention to the extent to which developments like CCS are viewed by communities as 'new' as opposed to a continuation of existing activities in the sea; to the importance of engagement on monitoring during the project operations phase; and to the non-economic values such as pride and identity which communities and stakeholders may derive from the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The call for solutions to global problems through effective multilateralism has been one of the main messages of the European Union during the past decade. This paper explores EU participation in the Contact Group on Piracy of the Coast of Somalia as an example of a multilateral initiative. First, the paper offers an outline of effective multilateralism and the activities of the Contact Group. It then examines developments related to three markers of effective multilateralism: scope of involvement, the role undertaken by the UN as a consequence of the group's activities and the extent to which the Contact Group facilitated the spread of international rules and norms related to piracy. The analysis showed that the EU is inclined to engage in international attempts at multilateralism but hints that in the future a change in the EU perception of multilateralism is likely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The papers in this VSI describe major results from the Coastal Genesis 2 research programme in the Netherlands. • Coastal Genesis 2 aimed at the development of a future-proof long-term coastal management strategy. • Three types of papers are included: policy development, lower shoreface, and Wadden Sea tidal inlet systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Buy to protect": this may be the Conservatoire du Littoral philosophy. Since 1975, this unique public French institution endeavours to acquire vulnerable and threatened coastal areas of great natural relevance to ensure their permanent and sound management/protection by establishing conventions with local authorities. This paper is focused on (i) the research of remarkable attractive natural sites not (or only slightly) affected by human intrusions, (ii) the analysis of the Conservatoire policies related to landscape issues and (iii) the proposal of judicious measures to assess/maintain/enhance/monitor landscape quality. For such proposals, the Coastal Scenic Evaluation System (CSES) method was in situ applied along the northern French coast, from Belgium to the Seine estuary. This area, shaped in a macrotidal environment, was chosen as it exhibits a wide variety of scenery composed of majestic dunes complexes, estuaries, bays and impressive cliff formations, alongside a strong cultural heritage. It also includes some world-renowned sites such as Les Deux Caps (Gris-Nez and Blanc-Nez), the Somme Bay and the cliffs of Étretat. CSES is a strong accurate indicator of scenic quality based on 26 physical and human parameters, and fuzzy-logic mathematics to overcome subjectivity and quantify uncertainties. As a result, an Evaluation Index (D) is obtained, enabling to classify sites into five distinct classes, from Class I (outstanding quality) to Class V (very poor quality). In this paper, 16 sectors respectively located along the Côte d'Opale (8), Côte Picarde (4) and Côte d'Albâtre (4) were selected after a long process of field testing. Seven were included in Class I, five in Class II and four in Class III. Finally, suggestions were made to complete the remarkable labour done by the Conservatoire. • This paper is focused on the assessment of very attractive natural coastal sites. • Sixteen sites were field-tested by using the Coastal Scenic Evaluation System. • Seven sites were included in Class I, five in Class II and four in Class III. • Emphasis was given to the Conservatoire du Littoral management approach. • Suggestions were made to complete the remarkable labour done by the Conservatoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Evros deltaic plain (North Aegean Sea, Greece) covers an area of 188 km2 and is shared by Greece and Turkey by its current main channel. This paper investigates deltaic plain evolution during the last seven decades (1945–2017), taking into consideration human interventions and their impacts on deltaic processes. Outcomes indicate that the construction of more than 25 major dams in the Evros River catchment resulted in >80% reduction in fluvial suspended load. Moreover, the alignment and relocation of the main distributary channel to the southeast was accompanied by the transformation of >40% of the deltaic plain to agricultural land. The combination of human interventions supports the coastline advance of the active main mouth (current rate of 3.9 *10−3 km2/yr), retreat of the old (abandoned) Evros mouth (current rate 7.7 *10−3 km2/yr), and signs of remarkable vulnerability in the middle mouth area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Java la Grande on the Dieppe maps was quite likely depicted on the authority of the travel writings of Marco Polo and Ludovico di Varthema but, if they were the only sources of the cartographers' information, one would expect its coasts to have been drawn in one of the imaginary styles. In fact its coasts are drawn in the style of real coasts. In this paper a comparison is made of spatial data of the east coast of Java la Grande recovered from the Vallard atlas - one of the products of the Dieppe school of cartography - with spatial data of the east coast of Australia. The results of the comparison indicate that all of Java la Grande's east coast in this atlas is consistent with its being a depiction of Australia's east coast from about Princess Charlotte Bay in north Queensland to a little beyond the mouth of the Barwon River in Victoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents results of experimental investigations of currents in the nearshore region of the south Baltic Sea. The analysis is based on the field data collected near Lubiatowo (Poland) using the measuring equipment which was simultaneously operated both by the Polish and Russian research teams. The venture was aimed at detection of rip currents that are rare and insufficiently explored phenomena in the south Baltic coastal zone. The data include wind velocity and direction, deep-water wave buoy records and currents surveyed by means of drifters. The measurements were carried out in the area whose hydrodynamics, lithodynamics and morphodynamics are typical of the south Baltic sandy coast. It appears that the nearshore water flows are mostly represented by longshore wavedriven currents with mean velocities of 0.22-0.53 m/s, and the maximum velocity of 1.32 m/s. Water circulation patterns resembling rip currents with velocities of up to 0.34 m/s were identified only on one day, when specific wave conditions occurred at the study site. Contrary to strong longshore currents generated by storm waves, rip currents occur under mild or moderate wave conditions, when many beach users are willing to swim in nearshore waters. The present findings can therefore be useful for the improvement of swimmers' safety in the south Baltic Sea regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Atacameños is the property of Estudios Atacamenos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

France (including Corsica) has 5,953 kilometres of coastline, all of which is open to oil pollution. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that this coastline is well protected by the French Administration and by French Courts against pollution by foreign vessels - notwithstanding the various provisions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea which protect such vessels (arts. 92 and 97 and art. 228). French Courts have a broad jurisdiction when the pollution originates from the internal sea o territorial waters. They share their jurisdiction with the Flag State when such pollution starts in the exclusive economic zone (art. 228). However, French Courts, when construing art. 228, strongly tend tofavour French jurisdiction. Finally, where pollution originates from the high seas, as this was the case of the Prestige, the extent of jurisdiction of French Courts remains unsettled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several initiatives towards the science-policy interface and the co-production of knowledge, but there is still few methodological and empirically grounded guidance helping scientists to design and implement research that actively facilitate transformative changes in ocean conflicts. In this paper, we explore the potential of the participatory scenario planning tool in the transformation of a conflict case on small-scale fishing in Brazil. We highlight the lessons learned, potential, and challenges of the scenario planning approach for conflict transformation. Despite being an approach widely applied to coastal and marine environmental and management issues, the scenarios methodology has not been explicitly applied in conflict situations, with the parties in dispute, as we did. Our methodological approach consisted of a previous research stage, based on documental analysis, direct observation of meetings and semi-structured interviews, followed by a participatory scenario planning workshop. Our results show that the participatory scenario planning was able to find the common desires as well as the uncertainties that generated doubts, mistrust, and in many moments disagreements among different groups of stakeholders that were in conflict. Previous research and the employment of multiple methods to build the history of the conflict contributed to legitimate researchers' positionality, to know the parties involved and the power dynamics. We raised some questions to advance the understanding of how the participatory scenarios planning contribute to transforming ocean conflicts in a more critical and politicized view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catchment-scale plastic pollution assessments provide insights in its sources, sinks, and pathways. We present an approach to quantify macroplastic transport and density across the Odaw catchment, Ghana. We divided the catchment into the non-urban riverine, urban riverine, and urban tidal zones. Macroplastic transport and density on riverbanks and land were monitored at ten locations in December 2021. The urban riverine zone had the highest transport, and the urban tidal zone had the highest riverbank and land macroplastic density. Water sachets, soft fragments, and foam fragments were the most abundant items. Our approach aims to be transferable to other catchments globally. • The urban zones had the highest macroplastic transport and density. • Dominant macroplastic items were single-use plastic bags, water sachets, and foam fragments. • Plastic transport and accumulation hotspots were mainly in the urban zones. • Top 10 items varied considerably between the different catchment zones, and for riverbank and land. • Simple replicable monitoring approach allows for catchment-scale plastic pollution quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal development rights are fuzzy, complex and difficult to define, making it difficult to accurately calculate the value of the limited development rights. We calculated the willingness to accept (WTA) in different confined zones using the expectation function model. We also obtained the preferences and local farmer willingness to pay (WTP) for the ecological service functions of mangroves by using the choice experiment. The amount of opportunity loss is used as the WTA, and the difference between the WTA and WTP is regarded as the compensation amount. These approaches can mitigate the large perceptual bias of the object and limitations of coastal development rights. The value of the opportunity loss under development limitations is set as the upper limit of compensation, and farmers' WTP for ecosystem services is set as the lower limit of compensation. We conclude that the levels of compensation in strongly and weakly confined zones should be Cny 2083.09 per household per year and CNY 1663.98 per household per year, respectively. The government needs to clarify the ownership of coastal development rights, fully understand the livelihood dependence of local people, and alleviate the contradiction between economic development and ecological protection. To some extent, this paper enriches the research on the development rights in coastal zones. • Mitigating perceptual bias is the key to measure compensation. • The expectation function model can be used to calculate lost development opportunities. • The choice experiment is used to calculate the willingness to pay under restrictions. • Compensation in strongly and weakly confined zones should be CNY 2083 and 1663. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oceans and coasts provide important ecosystem, livelihood, and cultural values to humans and the planet but face current and future compounding threats from anthropogenic activities associated with expanding populations and their use of and reliance on these environments. To respond to and mitigate these threats, there is a need to first systematically understand and categorise them. This paper reviewed 226 articles from the period 2010–2020 on threats to Australia's oceans and coasts, resulting in the identification of a total of 307 threats. Threats were grouped into three broad categories — threats from use and extraction; environmental and human-induced threats; and policy and socio-political threats —then ranked by frequency. The most common 'threats from use and extraction' were recreational activities, non-point source pollution, and urban development; the most common 'environmental and human-induced threat' was increased temperatures; and the most common 'policy and socio-political threat' was policy gaps and failures (e.g., a lack of coastal climate adaptation policies). The identification of threats across all three categories increased over time; however, the identification of 'threats from use and extraction' increased most rapidly over the last four years (2017–2020). Threats were most often described for their impacts on environmental values (68%), followed by economic (14%), socio-cultural (12%), and Indigenous (6%) values. Only 45 of the 226 papers (20%) discussed multiple threats. The threats facing Australia's oceans and coasts are rising, cumulative, and multi-faceted, and the inherent tensions between varied uses, along with intensification of uses that derive short-term anthropogenic benefit, will continue to degrade the ecological sustainability of ocean and coastal systems if actions are not taken. [Display omitted] • Threats to Australia's oceans and coasts described in the academic literature from 2010 to 2020 were systematically reviewed. • 307 threats were identified across three categories, with most threats in the group "environmental and human-induced threats". • Threats were described as impacting environmental (68%), economic (14%), socio-cultural (12%), and Indigenous (6%) values. • Only 45 of the 226 papers (20%) discussed multiple threats. • Findings highlight the cumulative and multi-faceted threats facing Australian oceans and coasts that must be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract 1 1 The author is grateful for funding from the Bates Faculty Development Fund, which supported the original data collection on maritime boundaries and to three anonymous reviewers whose attention has certainly improved the paper. The United States has the largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world by virtue of its long coastlines and multiple dependencies in the Caribbean and the Pacific Oceans. As a result it shares 27 maritime boundaries with 20 different states and dependencies. This paper analyzes how the United States settled 10 contested maritime boundaries between 1977 and until 1997, but has since then left 17 unresolved maritime boundaries. It advances the argument that in this area of relatively low salience for the United States' foreign policy, political and economic transaction costs are key variables in explaining the pattern of settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactive modes of knowledge production offer a strategy for seeking solutions to complex environmental problems. The outcome of such knowledge production is socially robust knowledge. Social robustness refers to knowledge that is relevant and accepted by actors in the context of its application. This is achieved when knowledge is credible, salient and produced in a legitimate way. To date, only limited research has focused on how social robustness is achieved. As coastal problems are characterised by conflicting interests and major uncertainties, the coastal zone represents a relevant domain for studying socially robust knowledge. This paper analyses and presents three conditions that need to be in place if one is to achieve socially robust knowledge in coastal projects. The conditions are based on theories related to socially robust knowledge, boundary spanning, project arrangements and knowledge arrangements. The conditions specify how social robustness can be achieved through knowledge testing by boundary spanners, the involvement of diverse actors and a close connection between knowledge production and the evolving project. In a case study, these conditions are compared to developments in a Dutch coastal project involving spatial developments near the Ems estuary. The comparison highlights the relevance of the three conditions in achieving socially robust knowledge. In addition, a fourth aspect is empirically uncovered: the role of boundary spanning among project partners prior to producing knowledge. These four conditions clarify how social robustness may be achieved in coastal solutions. As such, this paper contributes to the theoretical and empirical understanding of socially robust knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most developed countries, the acceleration of coastal urbanization during the second half of the twentieth century has gradually resulted in a concentration of residential housing and associated infrastructure and facilities along a narrow coastal strip, along with various environmental, functional and social impacts. This has led certain countries, such as France, to adopt protection legislation with respect to their coastlines. However, while numerous studies describe and analyse the consequences of urbanization on the coastal environment, few of them examine the influence of the coast on urbanization. This paper focuses on the residential development process, considering the coastline as both a pull factor on account of its amenities, and as a constraint due to the legislation put in place to protect it. Our study aims to build a database describing the factors that influence the probability of housing development on vacant land and to analyse the spatiotemporal evolution through a logistic regression modelling approach. While controlling the factors usually mentioned in the scientific literature on urban sprawl and suburbanization, this method is also able to isolate the effects of coastal attractiveness, taking laws and bylaws regulating urbanization in such areas into consideration. It shows in particular that, since the early 2000s, the gradual implementation of a land planning framework specific to the coastal zone has led to improved regulation of housing development in the study area. Throughout the country, the French Coastal Law limited available land for housing development, particularly in coastal areas, by enforcing building restrictions in accordance with conservation principles. The paper concludes with potential improvements to our models, e.g. the integration of local economic factors, such as land costs or changes in taxation, all of which influence housing choices and could potentially regulate suburbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of the current state of marine litter along the northern coastline of Agadir, located on the central Atlantic coast of Morocco. For this, three beaches were surveyed: Taghazout beach, Aourir beach, and Anza beach. Litter densities were highest at Anza beach (D = 1.041 items/m2), followed by Aourir beach (D = 0.339 items/m2), and then Taghazout beach (D = 0.226 items/m2). Plastics represent 79% of all collected items, and they are mainly composed of caps/lids, food containers, other plastic, cigarette butts and filters, polystyrene pieces, small plastic bags, and drink bottles. Metal is the second litter item in number, followed by paper/cardboard, rubber, cloth/textile, wood, and glass/ceramic. The Clean Coast Index (CCI) shows a clean and moderately clean state in the Taghazout and Aourir beaches, while Anza beach is more polluted. The EA/NALG classification showed that all three beaches are classified as "D," i.e., dirty or poor-quality beaches. Dendrogram analysis showed very highly polluted areas (Anza 1), highly polluted areas (Taghazout 4 and 5; Anza 2; Aourir 3), moderately polluted areas (Taghazout 1 and 2; Aourir 1), and lightly polluted areas (Taghazout 3). Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that tourism and recreational activities were the primary source of marine litter (over 50%), followed by fishing activity (25%). Efforts are necessary to improve the quality of beaches located on the central Atlantic coast of Morocco. The typology of solutions suggested in this work can be divided into four approaches: cleaning, prevention, mitigation, and the most important ... behavior change. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]