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• A Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper composite was fabricated using an in-situ annealing method. • Flexible Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper possesses hierarchical structure. • Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper exhibited improved photocatalytic performance. • Improved carrier separation and hierarchical structure are key to performance enhancement. Although Bi 7 O 9 I 3 is an oxygen-rich bismuth oxyiodide with higher photocatalytic activity than BiOI, its applicability for photocatalytic oxidation is limited by the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and poor reusability. Depositing Bi 7 O 9 I 3 on flexible macro-sized carbonaceous materials is a promising approach for promoting photogenerated electron migration and improving reusability. In this study, a composite consisting of Bi 7 O 9 I 3 supported on graphitic carbon paper (Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP) was synthesized via the in situ transformation of a BiOI-deposited carbon paper precursor (BiOI-CP). The as-prepared Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP exhibited higher visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity than both Bi 7 O 9 I 3 and BiOI-CP precursor for phenol removal. The improved photocatalytic activity of Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP was attributed to its hierarchical structure and promoted carrier separation, as revealed by photoluminescence, pore structure, and reactive radical analyses. Moreover, owing to its macroscale size and flexibility, the Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP composite could be easily operated and reused, which are favorable for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrathin and flexible paper with good EMI shielding performance is constructed. • Composite paper is featured with a three-layer structured surface. • TOCN/CS hydrogel film offers good protection for MXene. • TOCN/MXene with layered structure enhances the mechanical property of paper. MXene-contained paper is a good choice to design ultrathin and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. However, the deficiencies in strength and stability of MXene-contained paper impede its practical applications. Herein, a composite paper was proposed to address the problems, in which a filter paper was modified with a three-layer structured surface via a facile layer-by-layer coating procedure. Specifically, the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN)/cationic starch (CS)/MXene gel layer and TOCN/MXene nacre structure layer ensured the good EMI shielding and mechanical performances of the composite paper, while the uppermost TOCN/CS hydrogel film layer mainly protected MXene. The composite paper achieved an EMI SE of 40.3 dB at a thickness of merely 0.1894 mm (SE/ t value of ca. 212.8 dB mm−1, SSE/ t values of ca.13216 dB cm2 g−1) and the total MXene dosage was 20 g m−2. Its tensile strength could be up to 11.7 MPa while the original filter paper was 6.4 MPa. Four pieces of this composite papers could be easily packed together to attain an EMI SE of nearly 70 dB. Importantly, the hydrogel film layer efficiently protected the MXene and maintained the EMI shielding performance of the composite paper when immersed in different liquids including water, HCl (1 M) and ethanol, due to the dense and compact structure of hydrogel film layer. This work provides a practical way to develop ultrathin, flexible and durable EMI shielding materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Janelle Washington, a former fashion designer, discovered her passion for paper cutting when she participated in a project show-and-tell at her office. She quickly became fascinated with the art form and joined the Guild of American Papercutters to learn more. Washington found inspiration in Black history and culture, incorporating themes of identity and feminine beauty into her intricate paper-cut designs. She now runs her own fine art paper-cutting business and has had her work featured in prestigious institutions and publications. Washington's art stands out in the paper-cutting community for its unique perspective and storytelling. [Extracted from the article]

The article "U.S. Stamp News Sampler: Paper" by James H. Obrig provides valuable information on the study of paper in stamp collecting. It emphasizes the importance of identifying different types of paper used in stamps, as it can impact their value. The article traces the history of paper, from its origins in China to the introduction of the Fourdrinier Paper Machine in France. It also delves into the manufacturing process of various types of paper used in stamp production, including the formation of designs, watermarks, and patterns. The author concludes by listing different types of paper and providing examples of stamps printed on each type. [Extracted from the article]

Amidst the intensive cola war in the Indian market, Hector Beverages Private Limited introduced ethnic drink as a competitive strategy to attract Indian consumers. This move aims to attract Indian consumers by not only offering health benefits and nutritional value but also providing a sense of connection to the past and emotional satisfaction through old memories. Paper Boat, an ethnic and nostalgic beverage brand of Hector Beverages, has disrupted the Indian beverage industry, challenging market leaders to provide innovative and nutritional drinks. The case study highlights Paper Boat’s innovative value proposition and nostalgia marketing campaigns, while also examining the competitive strategies of major players in the Indian beverage industry. The case study also raises important questions that Hector Beverages must consider remaining relevant in a changing market and retaining its competitive advantage.

Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) has evolved into a promising tool for monitoring reactions in thin films and microdroplets, known as reactive PS, alongside its established role in ambient and direct ionization. This study addresses the need for rapid, cost-effective methods to improve analyte identification in biofluids by leveraging reactive PS-MS in clinical chemistry environments. The technique has proven effective in derivatizing target analytes, altering hydrophobicity to enhance elution and ionization efficiency, and refining detection through thin-film reactions on paper, significantly expediting reaction rates by using amino acids (AAs) as model analytes. These molecules are prone to interacting with substrates like paper, impeding elution and detection. Additionally, highly abundant species in biofluids, such as lipids, often suppress AA ionization. This study employs the Schiff base (SB) reaction utilizing aromatic aldehydes for AA derivatization to optimize reaction conditions time, temperature, and catalyst presence and dramatically increasing the conversion ratio (CR) of formed SB. For instance, using leucine as a model AA, the CR surged from 57% at room temperature to 89% at 70 °C, with added pyridine during and after 7.5 min, displaying a 43% CR compared to the bulk reaction. Evaluation of various aromatic aldehydes as derivatization agents highlighted the importance of specific oxygen substituents for achieving higher conversion rates. Furthermore, diverse derivatization agents unveiled unique fragmentation pathways, aiding in-depth annotation of the target analyte. Successfully applied to quantify AAs in human and rat plasma, this reactive PS-MS approach showcases promising potential in efficiently detecting conventionally challenging compounds in PS-MS analysis.

The discipline of services domestic regulation (“SDR discipline”), with a view to ensuring progressive liberalization of trade in services while also respecting the national regulatory prerogatives at the same time, addresses issues concerning the formulation, publication, and administration of SDR, and the authorization for the supply of a service. In addition to Article VI General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), an increasing number of international trade agreements has developed the SDR discipline with GATS-plus or GATS-extra characteristics, which helps enhance the transparency and regulatory quality of SDR, promote trade facilitation and increase the predictability and efficiency of authorization procedures for the services providers hoping to do business in foreign markets. This paper investigates the negotiating history of the SDR discipline at the multilateral, plurilateral, and regional levels, explores the evolving trends of the SDR discipline from the perspective of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and the Reference Paper on SDR, and addresses the debate on the necessity test surrounding the SDR discipline negotiation.

The paper industry has long been a crucial part of our lives, providing printing materials, tissue paper, and packaging products. However, the low wet strength of commercially available paper limits its application in packaging, particularly when it comes into contact with liquids. To address this issue, researchers have explored various strategies, including the use of wet strength agents. The most widely used agent, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), has limitations, such as poor dimensional stability and limited recyclability. Additionally, PAE can release harmful chlorinated organics. To overcome these challenges, we report a novel approach using a hyperbranched wet strength agent (referred to as “OA-PI”) based on the cross-linking of oxidized amylopectin from waxy corn and polyamines through the Schiff base reaction. The hyperbranched structure of OA-PI provides multiple binding sites, enhancing the cross-linking strength of cellulosic paper under wet conditions. The paper treated with OA-PI exhibited exceptional wet strength, significantly higher than that of PAE-treated paper and paper with traditional starch-based additives. Moreover, the biomass-based OA-PI showed improved recyclability and reduced harm from chlorinated organic compounds. This study not only enhances the wet strength of paper but also opens sustainable avenues for the design of functional adhesives.

Recycled paper has become increasingly used as a raw material in the paper industry. However, hornification limits its application. Herein, the effect of recycling on the mechanical properties and microstructure of khasi pine pulp was systematically studied. The mechanical properties deteriorated and water retention value decreased after recycling. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that cellulose crystallinity increased and partial cocrystallization occurred on cellulose microfibrils. Through the analysis of the morphology of secondary fibers by FQA, the loss of fine fibers caused by each reuse was found. Using the filtration method to prepare the recycled paper reduced the loss of fine fibers and improved the mechanical properties, with the tensile strength of a sample prepared using a sand core filter unit for five cycles (8.37 MPa) being like that of a sample prepared using a paper machine after one cycle. The investigation of the internal structure of the paper showed that the retained fine fibers were bonded between the long fibers, promoting the bonding between the fibers. Fine fibers improve the curling and twisting of fibers to some extent, especially in the first three recycling cycles. The hornification phenomenon of recycled paper was studied from the viewpoint of the fiber components, which is important to promote the development and application prospect of recycled paper.

In Chinese paintings, the marriage of rice paper and ink is the soul of this art. Ink possesses a highly distinctive “color” expressiveness. By employing ink, various shades of black and diverse color effects can be portrayed, making the image more rich, vibrant, and three-dimensional on a rice paper. However, when used in traditional ink wash painting, the flow and penetration of conventional ink is difficult to control, and its carbon black particles make it a challenge to achieve multiple transparent gradients. Considering the water solubility and two-dimensional nanostructure of graphene oxide (GO), the authors of this paper has developed and proposed the use of water-based GO ink for Chinese ink wash painting, aiming to endow it with new aesthetic forms and unique expressive potentials.

The authors demonstrate the synthesis of a freestanding composite paper consisting of polymer-derived ceramic Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT) network. The paper is prepared by vacuum filtration of CNT followed by drop coating of tetramethyl tetravinylcyclotertrasiloxane polymer on its surface. The polymer coating on the CNT paper is then transformed to silicon oxycarbide ceramic by controlled heating. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a uniform and compact CNT paper surface with thickness of ∼225 μm. An X-ray diffraction spectrum of the composite paper highlight the amorphous nature of ceramic coating surrounding the CNTs. The authors further demonstrate the use of this paper as an independent anode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and thereby, simplifying the anode design by eliminating the binder, conductive additives and current collector metal. The composite paper anode weighs ∼37% less than those made by using conventional copper substrates. Electrochemical performance of the SiOC–CNT composite anode studied by initial galvanostatic cycles shows a high discharge capacity of 1168 mAh/g and 13 mAh/cm2with first cycle loss of 53·8%.

With the increase of waste paper, environmental pollution and atmospheric impact have become global problems. The cellulose contained in waste paper has the advantages of being renewable and biodegradable and can be applied to many fields to achieve sustainable development. At present, thermal management materials, as a new type of material, have been proved to have potential advantages in environmental protection and resource conservation. Thermal management materials based on cellulose can not only recycle waste paper but also expand thermal management materials to different fields. In this experiment, the senior undergraduates cultivated the awareness of green environmental protection by extracting cellulose from waste paper and then completed the construction and performance exploration of thermal management materials under the guidance of teachers. The simple representations involved in this experiment can enable undergraduates to connect with the knowledge of analytical chemistry, polymer chemistry, and other subjects learned in the classroom and enable students to combine theory with practice. In addition, the positive feedback received from the students indicates that the experiment effectively serves as a compelling platform for teaching polymer chemistry and analytical chemistry and closely links the latest scientific research results with the laboratory experiments of undergraduate students. This work not only cultivates students’ awareness of environmental protection but also stimulates their interest in advanced materials, which can be used as a springboard for them to become material scientists in the future.

Introduction: To review characteristics of papers presented at the BAPES congress over a 4 year period. Methods: Papers presented at BAPES congresses 2019–2022 were identified from publicly available congress programmes. Papers were grouped by sub-specialty and centre. Descriptive statistics performed in Microsoft Excel. Results: The total number of papers presented was 2019: 57, 2020:22, 2021:48, 2022:41. The most presented subspecialty was urology (57 papers, 34%). In 2019, upper GI had the largest share (30%); subsequently, urology has had the largest share (2020:45%, 2021:35%, 2022:41%). 79% of papers were from UK centres. In 2019, 12% of papers were from international centres. This rose in 2020 (31%) but has since decreased (2021:27%, 2022:22%). Within the UK, the most represented consortium is London and the South-East (62% of UK papers). The most represented centres are Great Ormond Street (26, 20%) and Evelina (18, 14%). Conclusion: Since 2020, urology has consistently been the most presented subspecialty. The majority of papers are from UK centres. Following an increase in 2020, the number of international papers is falling– this may be due to international centres wishing to attend local in person conferences. 34% of UK papers are from 2 centres in the London and South-East consortium.

The flashlight sintering characteristics of inkjet-printed nanosized copper ink on paper substrates with varying pattern widths and intervals were studied. The copper nano particles (CNPs) synthesized using vapor self-assembled multilayer (VSAM) method to prevent oxidation, were produced with ink and patterned on a paper substrate through inkjet printing. The width and interval of the Cu patterns were varied from 350 to 550 μm to investigate the flashlight sintering tendency. It was confirmed that the Cu pattern resistivity decreased as the width of the Cu pattern increased, with decreasing interval between the Cu patterns. For the Cu pattern with the largest width and narrowest interval, the lowest specific resistivity was 6.43 × 10–6Ω∙m. For auxiliary heating at 80 °C, the lowest resistivity of the Cu pattern was 7.10 × 10–6Ω∙m with improved adhesion to the substrate, and this resistivity was 6.2 times lower than that without auxiliary heating. The temperature gradient of the CNP pattern during the flashlight sintering process was predicted using custom made simulation program. Therefore, the experiments and simulations confirmed that the wider the width and the narrower the interval between patterns, the flashlight sintering characteristics improved through higher heat generation by minimizing heat spreading.

Digital cytology and artificial intelligence (AI) are gaining greater adoption in the cytopathology laboratory. However, peer-reviewed real-world data and literature are lacking regarding the current clinical landscape. The American Society of Cytopathology in conjunction with the International Academy of Cytology and the Digital Pathology Association established a special task force comprising 20 members with expertise and/or interest in digital cytology. The aim of the group was to investigate the feasibility of incorporating digital cytology, specifically cytology whole slide scanning and AI applications, into the workflow of the laboratory. In turn, the impact on cytopathologists, cytologists (cytotechnologists), and cytology departments were also assessed. The task force reviewed existing literature on digital cytology, conducted a worldwide survey, and held a virtual roundtable discussion on digital cytology and AI with multiple industry corporate representatives. This white paper, presented in 2 parts, summarizes the current state of digital cytology and AI practice in global cytology practice. Part 1 of the white paper presented herein is a review and offers best practice recommendations for incorporating digital cytology into practice. Part 2 of the white paper provides a comprehensive review of AI in cytology practice along with best practice recommendations and legal considerations. Additionally, the results of a global survey regarding digital cytology are highlighted.

Digital cytology and artificial intelligence (AI) are gaining greater adoption in the cytology laboratory. However, peer-reviewed real-world data and literature are lacking in regard to the current clinical landscape. The American Society of Cytopathology in conjunction with the International Academy of Cytology and the Digital Pathology Association established a special task force comprising 20 members with expertise and/or interest in digital cytology. The aim of the group was to investigate the feasibility of incorporating digital cytology, specifically cytology whole slide scanning and AI applications, into the workflow of the laboratory. In turn, the impact on cytopathologists, cytologists (cytotechnologists), and cytology departments were also assessed. The task force reviewed existing literature on digital cytology, conducted a worldwide survey, and held a virtual roundtable discussion on digital cytology and AI with multiple industry corporate representatives. This white paper, presented in 2 parts, summarizes the current state of digital cytology and AI practice in global cytology practice. Part 1 of the white paper is presented as a separate paper which details a review and best practice recommendations for incorporating digital cytology into practice. Part 2 of the white paper presented here provides a comprehensive review of AI in cytology practice along with best practice recommendations and legal considerations. Additionally, the cytology global survey results highlighting current AI practices by various laboratories, as well as current attitudes, are reported.

To improve the surface properties of low-density wood, poplar wood was functionalized by laminating Al2O3impregnated paper onto poplar wood (Populus tomentosa Carr.) via unilateral surface compression. Bonding strength between Al2O3impregnated paper and wood reached up to 3.08 MPa, meeting commercial grade I requirements for impregnated paper laminated wood flooring. A cross-linked structure between Al2O3impregnated paper and wood was formed without visible cracks or other defects. Density of the functionalized wood surface increased remarkably and the surface hardness was significantly improved, surpassing that of hardwoods for wood flooring. The functionalized wood surface also exhibited high wear resistance, which reached to the specification for commercial grade I impregnated paper laminated wood flooring. Additionally, the water resistance of the functionalized wood surface was significantly improved through lamination with Al2O3impregnated paper. The functionalized wood demonstrated high applicability for wood flooring.

This work studied the effect of micro-cellulose fibers prepared from paper pulp on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) copolymer blends. The FE-SEM shows the micron size of cellulose fibers, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that the functional groups of lignin disappeared after passing the synthesis method. An internal mixer prepared the polymer blends and composites, and then samples were molded by compression molding. The results found that the dispersed phase of an EPDM phase was coalescence to droplets on the PLA matrix phase. The micro-cellulose in the polymer was not a homogeneous phase in the polymer matrix. The mechanical properties of polymer blends found that EPDM could improve the strain at break of PLA/EPDM blends when compared with pure PLA and decreased when increasing cellulose fiber content in the polymer matrix. The result of thermal properties found that the cellulose addition affected percent crystallinity but did not affect melting point temperature and glass transition temperature.

AbstractThis white paper provides clinicians and hospital leaders with practical guidance on the prevention and control of viral respiratory infections in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This document serves as a companion to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)’s “Prophylaxis and Screening for Prevention of Viral Respiratory Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review.” It provides practical, expert opinion and/or evidence-based answers to frequently asked questions about viral respiratory detection and prevention in the NICU. It was developed by a writing panel of pediatric and pathogen-specific experts who collaborated with members of the HICPAC systematic review writing panel and the SHEA Pediatric Leadership Council to identify questions that should be addressed. The document has been endorsed by SHEA, the American Hospital Association (AHA), The Joint Commission, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN).