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The article cites references from the parliamentary papers from of state of Victoria, Australia and aspects of labor history such as social conditions for working-class migrants, working conditions, and unemployment.

This contemporary comment examines School Community Safety Orders (SCSOs). Introduced in 2022, these provisions permit principals in the Australian state of Victoria to ban adults from school premises and events in response to concerns about the risk of violent, threatening or abusive behaviour, and/or other perceived disruptive acts. SCSOs have only been active for a short time, and there is currently limited information regarding their use. Following an examination of the legislation, this paper discusses a number of operational and procedural concerns. These include the subjective framing of behaviours that may lead to an SCSO, the ways in which SCSOs are imposed and the absence of provision/s to prevent their misuse or abuse. The paper draws attention to the lack of clear protocols and safeguards to ensure the appropriate and proportionate use of SCSOs, advocates for consistent and transparent monitoring—to understand how many are issued, to whom and for what reasons—and asks whether the provisions adequately address concerns regarding safety in schools. More broadly, the provisions are also situated and discussed within the wider context of risk-based criminalisation—including the increasing use of pre-emption and privatisation/civilianisation—and the issues to which these developments can give rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Victoria, Australia, senior secondary mathematics students are expected to use technology and thus need to make decisions about using pen-and-paper (P&P) or technology when solving mathematics problems. The predominant technology is a Computer Algebra System (CAS). This study investigated the beliefs about CAS held by twelve Year 11 students as they learnt to use CAS and whether these beliefs were stable over time. These students held a range of beliefs related to the usefulness of CAS, speed of CAS compared to P&P, whether CAS is proper mathematics, choice of CAS or P&P, ease of use, the correctness of answers and solving problems in Mathematical Methods (i.e. the mathematics subject studied). Beliefs are often described as being stable (e.g. McLeod, 1992), but some researchers stress stability needs to be determined empirically rather than being seen as a characteristic of beliefs (e.g. Liljedahl et al., 2012). For this sample of students, stability (rather than instability) is a feature of students' beliefs about CAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how white rural identities have been historically produced and transformed over time as a result of colonial migration regimes, the racialisation of labour, intra-distinctions of classed whiteness and projects of social mobility. White identities in settler Australia's ethnically diverse rural towns and cities are commonly depicted as reified, homogenous and fixed-in-place. In rural-focused sociological research, any recognition of whiteness is typically in response to classed stigma around "failed" whiteness, or in discussions of a white-centred "rural cosmopolitanism". Yet critical Indigenous studies and critical rural studies scholars have long shown that the very ubiquitous construction of whiteness acts as a framing device in the imagining of Australian "rurality", one which obscures ongoing legacies of power and structures of rural inequality. In this paper I further this agenda by examining how whiteness has been historically produced in one rural, inland city of south-eastern Australia. First, I discuss the colonial projects of race-making and class mobility which were embedded in the region's rural irrigation schemes of the late nineteenth century. Second, I examine how Australia's post-war migration programs, the racialisation of labour and intra-distinctions of class all redefined the boundaries of whiteness over the twentieth century, and consider how this contributed to shaping rural social geographies. Drawing on a range of historical and contemporary sources, I show how white rural identities in settler Australia, rather than being reified and immutable, have been historically created under specific social, political and economic conditions. • Examines the historical production of white rural identities in rural settler Australia. • Shows how the production of race and class have contributed to the making of rural place. • Examines how rural white identities have transformed over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious concerns for the safety and well-being of children and young people are multiplying due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child has called for children's urgent release from prison. Evidence demonstrates that incarceration can aggravate existing health conditions and result in new health issues, such as depression, suicidal thoughts and post-traumatic stress disorder (Australian Human Rights Commission [2019, October 11], UN global study on children deprived of liberty, https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/un-global-study-children-deprived-liberty). This paper draws on findings from a larger study involving 25 qualitative interviews with policy makers, practitioners and researchers working in youth justice and utilises Victoria in South East Australia as a case study. Victoria represents the Australian state worst affected by COVID-19 and has one of the highest levels of children and young people incarcerated. This paper recommends decarceration of children and young people, with alternatives built around principles of a public health model. It argues that this holistic approach can promote children's rights and crucially attend to the physical and emotional well-being of children and young people, compared with the current arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Examines the extent and nature of student food insecurity in Victoria, Australia. • Discusses students' active responses to food insecurity. • Develops the theme of students' 'multi-relational' approach to food insecurity. • Highlights the need for more research on food insecurity in educational settings. Student food insecurity has been a major social problem across the world. Building on interview-based research, this paper examines students' experiences of food insecurity in Melbourne during the Covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns. It places particular emphasis on young people's agency and students' 'relational' understanding of food insecurity. Students experienced food insecurity in relation to other domains of life, such as work and health. In addition, students understood food insecurity in relation to how they are positioned with respect to axes of social inequality and in relation to a wider food system. In developing these points, we offer reflection on ground-level social action and relationality relevant to geographical and wider social science understanding of progressive food activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1861 and1900,1,352 overseas-trained doctors were registered to practise in Victoria, Australia. This paper discusses the causes of death in seventy-five who survived no more than three years after receiving their medical licence in the colony. The largest group died from tuberculosis, at an average age of thirty-one years. Probably all had left Europe with the infection, hoping that a cure would result from their 'therapeutic migration'. Whether that was likely to be a vain hope is discussed. The next largest group died by their own hand, and this paper argues that loneliness, alcoholism, and the stresses of adapting to an unfamiliar country may all have played apart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1975 Melville Clinic opened as an experimental community mental health centre in the ethnically-diverse, working-class inner Melbourne suburb of Brunswick. It was established with funding support from the Victorian and Commonwealth governments and was intended to test and refine elements of a community care model that was starting to provide an alternative to entrenched systems of mental hospital care. Developing alongside and extending on European and United States interpretations of the model, Melville Clinic was designed as a force for innovation in the areas of clinical work style, staff roles, organisational structure, and geographic positioning within the community it served. It also aspired to novel types of involvement in community work, multicultural sensitivity, collection of evidence about its performance, and timely self-evaluation. This paper scrutinises the bumpy course of its experimental strategies over the course of seven years during which the clinic retained some of its innovations, divested itself of others, while also changing key aspects of the way it delivered public community-based mental health services. A candid self-evaluation published in 1982 reflected insights gained during the experiment. From a present-day perspective the clinic, now defunct, provides a useful case study of community-based care at an important stage in the evolution of public mental health service formulation and delivery in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a wide variety of Land-use Regulation (LuR) restrictions, ranging from those that need simple 2D spatial analyses to be verified (e.g., area calculation), to those that need complex 3D analyses (e.g., overshadowing and overlooking). Assessing LuR restrictions to automatically detect LuRs' potential conflicts with physical objects, such as building elements, could be a challenging task in 2D land administration systems relying on 2D drawings and 2D representations, especially when 3D/vertical analyses are required. Land administration systems can include 3D representations of LuR restrictions to identify their impacts on land parcels and vice versa since the LuRs contain legally binding restrictions for all parties including governments and citizens. As part of the transition from the 2D representation of LuR restrictions and manual conflict detection between LuR restrictions and physical objects such as building elements towards a 3D digital representation and automatic conflict detection, this paper proposes a three-stage conceptual framework for automatic 3D modelling and conflict detection of 3D LuR restrictions. The three-stage conceptual framework, as a generic approach, proposes required principles and procedures to automatically (1) model 3D LuR restrictions (called 3D CityLuR), (2) combine them with other sources of information (e.g., zoning maps, 3D city models, and BIM), and (3) detect LuRs' potential conflicts between the modelled LuRs and physical objects (i.e., proposed/existing building elements). For modelling and verifying 3D LuRs automatically, the framework organises all the required information for IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) as the proposed building, CityGML as the existing buildings, and most importantly, the planning and zoning requirements. It proposes two categories of required information as "level of information need" for (1) modelling and combing 3D CityLuR with other sources of information automatically and (2) automatically detecting potential spatio-semantic conflicts between LuR restrictions and physical objects such as proposed/existing building elements. Based on a case study in Victoria, Australia, 3D LuR restrictions subject to planning approvals and building subdivisions are investigated. The paper concludes with a discussion arguing the feasibility of automating the verification of LuR restrictions to support decision-making in planning permit applications and building subdivisions. • A Three-Stage Conceptual Framework for Automatic 3D Modelling and Conflict Detection of Land-use Regulation Restrictions. • Transitioning from Manual 2D Verification to Automatic 3D Modelling and Verification of Land-use Regulation Restrictions. • Modelling 3D City Land-use Regulations Automatically (Called 3D CityLuR) and Combining it with 3D City Models and BIM. • Required Information as "Level of Information Need" to Combine 3D CityLuR with Other Sources of Information Automatically. • Required Information as "Level of Information Need" to Detect 3D CityLuR's Potential Spatio-Semantic Conflicts Automatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology is increasingly used by perpetrators of domestic violence to control, coerce, abuse, harass and stalk victim-survivors. Though 'spaceless'-not bound by geography-there are particular ways that place and space shape the impacts of and risks associated with this violence. This paper examines the impact of technology-facilitated violence on victim-survivors of intimate partner violence in regional, rural or remote areas of Australia (New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland) who are socially or geographically isolated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of communication environments in everyday participation is well accepted within speech-language pathology research and practice. However, the evidence base for strategies to support speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in assessing and responding to environmental and community needs are less clearly understood. This paper provides a case study to illustrate the application of ethnography of communication to understanding and responding to communication needs within a dance class for adults with intellectual disability. The case study utilised observation, participant PEERobservation, reflection, and interviews to explore the perspectives and beliefs of the dance students, dance teacher, and disability support workers. Strategies emerged for enhancing the awareness and capabilities of communication partners and addressing barriers and facilitators to inclusive social and physical environments. This study illustrates the potential of ethnography of communication as a tool to support SLPs to gain insight into everyday communication environments and the social norms that influence participation and interaction in order to enhance communication accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australian higher education participation continues to expand, yet in unequal ways. Regional, rural, and remote (RRR) student participation is stubbornly stalled, despite sustained research and policy initiatives to support these cohorts. To address this complex issue, we interviewed 10 RRR principals in Queensland and Victoria to explore specific challenges that face RRR communities, as well as collate strategies and solutions. Our findings highlighted the importance of leveraging and developing local knowledge and expertise to equip students with careers education, as well as the need to promote a positive narrative about RRR community life. A key theme that emerged from participants was the need to dispel the myth that students needed to leave their communities to achieve their goals or find career success. The findings from this paper point to a need for educational outreach programs to continue to develop context-specific, locally informed programs and support that align with RRR communities' values and ways of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, the nominate subspecies of the Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles miles usually occurs in northern Australia. There have been only two reports of this taxon in Victoria: at Mildura, in 1968; and at the Eastern Treatment Plant at Bangholme, from 1 January to 24 May 1981. This paper details, with a photograph and field notes, the latter record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Examination of 3D PLRs defined in Victorian Planning Provisions. • Classification on explicit 3D, non-geometrical and implied 3D PLRs. • Possible contribution of current 3D spatial models to 3D PLRs' modelling. The urban environment is characterised by increasingly complex relations driven by the needs of modern societies, such as multi-purpose buildings and composite infrastructures. However, the capabilities for extensive vertical exploitation of land provided by construction technology are related to the expansion of public utilities. This results in administrative restrictions on land and developments, known as Public Law Restrictions (PLRs). PLRs impose explicit and implied 3D restrictions, as well as restrictions of non-geometrical characteristics such as noise or groundwater pollution. This paper investigates if and how 3D modelling may contribute to better manage and enforce PLRs in a 3D framework. To this end, the 3D PLRs required for the urban planning approval process in Victoria, Australia are examined. Requirements and guidelines were analysed in order to identify explicit, non-geometrical and implied 3D PLRs. To accomplish this, the spatial structure of two well-known 3D data models, CityGML and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), were investigated, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of these models in the management of 3D PLRs. The paper concludes that the implementation of a 3D PLR system requires addressing issues of scale differentiations (building scale or city scale of 3D data models in contrast to extensive, non-parcel-based PLRs), "translation" of qualitative characteristics to specific height, depth or volumetric restrictions, and modelling of invisible, non-material legal spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Recent coastal legislative and policy reform in Australia reflects the changing focus of coastal management studies in the international scientific literature indicating a move towards systems perspectives, cross-boundary management strategies and an integration of marine and terrestrial environments. Significant global and national reports on integrated coastal management and climate change set the stage for a 21st Century wave of coastal reform in Australia. Given the absence of Australian national coastal legislation or coastal policy the reforms were initiated by a number of state governments such as in New South Wales and Victoria where new pieces of state-based coastal legislation came into law in 2018. This paper examines new coastal legislation, policies, manuals, and government documents and the rationale and triggers behind these reforms. These are discussed in the context of Australian governance structures and the international coastal management literature. The paper concludes that the latest wave of coastal reform in Australia represents a non-uniform stateled push for a more integrated approach to coastal management including, adaptation to climate change, sustainable development, a systems-based approach to coastal processes and inclusion of both marine and terrestrial environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many rural Australians are at risk of social exclusion and lower wellbeing due to poor accessibility options. This paper notes how rural transport disadvantage can increase a person's risk of social exclusion and points to the high costs associated therewith. It argues for a coordinated and shared response to local rural transport, using the example of wider use being made of dedicated school bus services to improve rural mobility choices and associated social inclusion. Barriers to opening up the school bus to a broader range of passengers are reviewed and expected benefits are identified, supporting wider use. • Transport disadvantage adversely impacts personal wellbeing in rural Victoria, Australia. • Rural transport disadvantage often co-exists alongside resources that could ease disadvantage. • Wider use of dedicated school buses can improve rural mobility opportunities. • Arguments of risks of child abuse from such wider use of school buses are unfounded. • The presence of others on school buses may reduce bullying on the bus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with onomastic palimpsests in Victoria, Australia, focusing in particular on the 1870s, when the deliberate erasure of colonial names and their replacement with Indigenous names was at the forefront of government policy. In contextualizing this reinstatement of Indigenous toponyms, the paper highlights the agency of parliamentarian and government minister Hon. Robert Ramsay. The primary sources of data are newspaper articles and official government reports. The methodology used is “thick description”. The findings reveal that the government’s efforts were grounded in the collection and collation of place names and vocabulary from Aboriginal people in the previous decade by district surveyors and other local officials. Consistent with recent campaigns in Victoria, the sustained efforts by governments in the 1870s were driven by a desire to remove duplication, erase inappropriate non-Aboriginal place names, and preserve Aboriginal place names. The campaign is unparalleled in the history of Victoria’s toponymic administration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed everything about the world we live in, in 2020. It is having obvious impacts on the way we teach and the way we learn. In Victoria, Monash Rural Health Bendigo is one of the few places that has managed to continue clinical health education and clinical placements throughout 2020--albeit in modified forms. Monash Rural Health Bendigo provides clinical years education to a cohort of between 100 and 130 Third, Fourth- and Fifth-Year Monash Medical students in a rural setting. It is largely an 'apprentice based' model of learning where the students get access to rural clinical sites and rural health experts as well as a state-of-the-art clinical skills and simulation lab to undertake the clinical years of their medical degree. But what happens to this kind of model during a pandemic induced shut down such as was experienced in 2020? This paper explores the challenges but also opportunities for students pursuing a rural health pathway in the midst of a public health emergency. It examines the findings of the COVID-19 Educational Evaluation conducted in Bendigo throughout 2020 and reveals the advantages but also the unanticipated consequences of students choosing to study rurally in the midst of a global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends knowledge on the emotional and social labour of coworking founders. It does so from a cultural geographical perspective by asking how this labour intimately affects coworking founders' everyday lives and introducing feminist care ethics to reflect on it. The paper shows how this conceptual framework helps to shed light on the effects, the temporality, and the ambivalence of this labour. The everyday practices of two coworking founders, Paul and Rachel, are understood through ethnographic fieldwork based on feminist geographical methodologies and conducted in a small regional town in Victoria, Australia. From these understandings, the paper argues that the everyday coworking practices of regional coworking founders are caring practices, aimed to maintain, continue, and repair a hospitable atmosphere in the space. Furthermore, it argues that these caring practices are ambivalent and limited, as they can have negative effects on the wellbeing of the coworking founders. Three impressionistic vignettes trace these effects, including exhaustion, discomfort, and resentment. The paper concludes with three suggestions for policy on regional innovation, for coworking research, and for research on feminist care ethics. These include the need for 1) more attention to the effects of care and coworking practices; 2) more focus on the temporality of such practices to better understand their sustainability; 3) increasing research on the intersection between regionality and care, thus inviting research on "cities of care" to also direct its attention to regional areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of a learning community/city approach within Wyndham City, Victoria, Australia. The journey commences with a discussion of the demographic and economic context in which Wyndham has established its Learning Community Strategies. The development of Wyndham's Learning Community is placed in the context of a history of other learning community/city approaches within greater Melbourne, Australia and internationally. This history includes learning community and learning city frameworks such as the Australian Learning Community Framework and UNESCO's Key Features of Learning Cities, which have influenced Wyndham's Learning Community Strategies. Further, an in-depth examination of the journey of Wyndham City Council in developing successive Learning Community Strategies identifies critical incidents that have led to steady progress towards a sustainable learning community. Also, the development and evaluation of the Wyndham Learning Community are examined, including some vignettes of successful case studies. In conclusion, the implications for adult education and theory, including avoiding the use of the label 'learning city' as a marketing tool rather than a 'social process of participation and negotiation' is examined with pointers given for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia's rural health services face chronic workforce shortages. To help address these shortages, the Australian Government funds a range of programs to support university students to undertake placements in rural areas with the aims of improving understanding of rural practice and encouraging rural careers. This study investigated the lived experiences of nursing and allied health students on placement in rural and regional Victoria. Its purpose was to identify the enablers and barriers most strongly affecting placement satisfaction and personal wellbeing. The intended outcome was to identify modifiable factors to improve the rural placement experience. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were undertaken with students on placement in public hospitals operating in northeast Victoria. Data was analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Three enablers were identified: 1) enjoyment of the rural environment and community; 2) working in a positive, friendly and supportive workplace; and 3) exposure to broad practice and enhanced learning opportunities. Five barriers were identified: 1) increased financial stress; 2) travel and accommodation challenges and concerns; 3) study-work-life balance and isolation issues; 4) encountering stressful work situations and/or personal events while on placement; and 5) communication issues with universities. The findings were strongly consistent with the extant literature. The authors considered the following factors as modifiable: negative financial impacts, inflexibility in the rural placement allocation process, and low levels of psychosocial support on offer to students in stress/distress and make suggestions for their amelioration. Given the similarities with teacher education, it is considered likely this paper has utility for the development of positive rural placements for student teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, major landscape wildfires (or ‘bushfires’ in Australia) in fire-prone countries have illustrated the seriousness of this global environmental problem. This natural hazard presents a complex mesh of dynamic factors for those seeking to reduce or manage its costs, as ignitions, hazard behaviour, and the reactions of different human and ecological communities during and after hazard events are all extremely uncertain. But while those at risk of wildfire have been subject to significant research, the social dimensions of its management, including the role of science, have received little attention. This paper reports on a case study of the Barwon-Otway area of Victoria in Australia, a high wildfire risk area that has recently been a pilot site for a new risk mitigation strategy utilising the wildfire simulation model PHOENIX RapidFire. Against simple equations between ‘more science’ and ‘less uncertainty,’ this paper presents results from interviews and a workshop with practitioners to investigate how scientific research interacts with and informs both wildfire policy and practice. We suggest that attending to cultural and social specificities of the application of any technical innovation—such as next generation modelling—raises questions for future research about the roles of narrative, performance, and other knowledges in the sedimentation of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, police and the criminal justice system more broadly played a role in the policing of queer identity and the construction of queer communities as 'deviant'. Emerging queer criminological scholarship has documented the extent to which this historical context (at least within the Global North) continues to shape interactions between police and LGBTQ+ communities, with these relationships sometimes marked by distrust and hostility, though positive changes are also evident. However, the majority of research to date has focused on the experiences of adult members of queer communities living in urban locations. As such, this project sought to examine the experiences of young queer people living in regional Victoria. Drawing on focus groups with young LGBTQ+ people, this paper examines participants' perceptions of and experiences engaging with police. Participants' views and experiences were diverse, with some continuing to harbour distrust for police, though positive experiences were also discussed. Some participants encountered harassment and discrimination from police perceived to be on account of both their youth and identity as LGBTQ+, suggesting the need to take an intersectional approach to understanding relations between police and queer youth and in continuing to improve relations between police and young queer people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the current knowledge of uniform police at one 24-hour police station regarding people with communication disabilities, in order to implement effective communication strategies, and award the Communication Access Symbol. Twenty-nine frontline uniform police from one police station responded to a paper-based survey that probed the frequency of their interactions with people with a communication disability and their knowledge of communication strategies. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results indicated that although the majority of respondents were experienced police who frequently faced difficulties in interactions, they had limited communication strategies and had received little or no training in using visual supports. The results from the survey informed the communication strategies that speech language pathologists will employ to address the barriers police face in initial interactions with community members with communication disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The sale of raw cow milk for human consumption is banned in Australia due to regulatory requirements that all milk must be pasteurised for safety reasons. However, some dairy farmers produce raw milk for sale as 'bath milk', a product labelled 'for cosmetic purposes only' but which is often bought for drinking. This situation is mirrored in other countries where raw milk is banned, and it is highly contentious, yet while there is significant literature examining why people drink raw milk, there has been little analysis exploring the views and practices of these farmers. Drawing notably on the theoretical work of Annemarie Mol and John Law around ontological multiplicity, this paper explores the accounts of a number of such farmers in Victoria, Australia. It finds that these farmers explicitly rejected the normative definition of raw milk as inherently dangerous, along with the associated regulatory framework. Instead, they developed their own structured practices that were designed to produce a version of raw milk that could be drunk, but which existed outside of the food regulation system. This situation highlights how practices can enact different versions of a food and, at the same time, the challenge for food safety regulation in being able to engage with, and account for, alternative and more complex versions of food and risk. Highlights • Production of bath milk occurs in a number of countries where raw drinking milk is prohibited. • Accounts of bath milk producers, who reject the definition of raw milk as inherently dangerous, are underexplored. •.These producers have developed their own structured practices to produce an alternative versions of raw milk and risk. •.Food safety regulation has been unable to engage with such alternative, and more complex, versions of food and risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many industries in many countries use performance and development processes as a means to ensure continued professional learning and increasing professional impact. The focus of this study was to build understanding of how teachers in Victoria, Australia, perceived their professional learning within the context of their government-mandated performance and development process. This study provides insight into the application of Positioning Theory (Davies & Harré, 1990; Harré & Van Langenhove, 1991; Redman & Fawns, 2010) through the description of the research process. In particular, the focus of this paper is mapping the progression of analysis using the triangular representation of Positioning Theory (Berman, Langenhove, & Harré, 1998, p. 6), from hearing the teachers' stories, the 'tellings', through the 'triangle' of Positioning theory analysis to understanding their perceptions as 'tentative truths' that they hold and which shape their actions. Exploring the teachers' actions and words in this way enabled the multi-faceted nature of professional learning within the dynamic social environment of a school culture to be described. Individual as well as mutual positions became visible. The teachers' 'truths' regarding their rights and duties within the policy framework and their local school culture became apparent and shaped the agency of the teachers to act in particular ways. Four storylines are described within one episode of conversation, illustrating how Positioning Theory can aid in understanding the multiple directions of power relationships, and positively inform further actions by teachers, leaders, researchers and policy designers to better support the learning of teachers and, ultimately, their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal and marine management are facing one of the greatest threats to practical application and relevance ever due to the need for meaningful adaptation to the impacts from climate change. There is genuine long-term and large-scale change locked into our coastal systems regardless of the pace of emissions control. There are grave practical realities currently faced by coastal and marine managers and planners that will increase in the coming one to two decades. Recently, the State of Victoria in Australia reformed the coastal and marine governance structures, in part designed to prepare for impacts due to climate change. This provides an opportunity via a case study approach to review the current application of coastal governance to enable adaptation. This paper does so from a privileged vantage point – that of a crucial actor embedded in the legislative and governance structure – the Chair of a Ministerial Advisory Council appointed to provide advice to decision-makers regarding coastal and marine planning and management in the jurisdiction. The paper takes a multi-disciplinary and reflexive approach and from a practitioner's perspective the paper tests the robustness of the governance system against three pointed challenges to implementing the system. The three challenges are 1/how to meaningfully collaborate with communities for transformational change; 2/are hard questions about adaptation being asked; and 3/understanding what levers (e.g., policy, governance, societal) can be pulled to drive adaptation within the available time horizons. Drawing on frameworks from various disciplines, reflexive experience, and analysis of secondary data, this perspectives paper makes three conclusions: 1/that transformational change is needed which requires alignment in the perception of risk by different rights-holders and stakeholders; 2/that collaboration is required with an urgent focus needed to challenge current practices which likely do not enable decision-makers, and finally 3/that leadership is specifically required to tackle the hard questions about coastal adaptation (like to retreat or not). With a governance approach that shares elements (e.g., objectives, links to catchment management, planning tools) with other international jurisdictions in Europe and the Americas, there may be lessons learned from this maturing system that are applicable to other jurisdictions. [Display omitted] • Aligned risk perception by rights-holders and stakeholders. • Collaboration and urgent focus are needed to challenge decision-making practices. • Leadership is required to tackle the hardest questions for successful adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corruption demoralises government and weakens the whole endeavour of policy formulation and its implementation. It diminishes services and causes fiscal stress, but most of all it undermines trust and corrodes legitimate community expectations. Corruption takes many forms and is found in many contexts. This paper develops a framework for the analysis of corruption which identifies types, activities, sectors and places (TASP). With the TASP framework identified or suspected corruption in any setting can be analysed as a precursor to the controls and processes that are most appropriate for the control and modification of corrupt behaviour, which ideally can enhance public sector performance. The TASP framework assists in pinpointing the nature, location and context of public sector corruption, and illustrates more precisely where the risks of corrupt activity might arise. This paper demonstrates, with empirical work from New York City and the State of Victoria in Australia (Australia's second most populous state), that more precise classification and characterisation of the nature and types of corrupt activity is an essential precondition to the development and design of targeted anti-corruption measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Property disputes in multi-owned buildings (MOB) should be effectively managed to ensure harmonious land use in urban areas. Many studies indicate that a well-planned governance structure of MOBs relying on ownership systems could mitigate property disputes by eliminating their causes contrary to owner needs. However, issues in MOB use and management, stemming from the ownership systems and its relevant architectural systems, are hardly addressed in 2D-based building subdivision practices and frequently result in property disputes. To proactively address these issues, this paper proposes an approach based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) to minimize disputes in MOBs at planning stages in the context of Victoria, Australia. The paper argues that BIM is a suitable data environment to represent and detect dispute triggers interpreted in the spatial context. We first modeled a MOB governance structure as a sociotechnical system (STS) to provide a consistent view for characterizing dispute triggers. We then developed a BIM-based framework for identifying dispute triggers in the MOB governance STS. We implemented the framework and tested its feasibility using a real-world complex building. The results confirmed that the proposedframework would help developers, surveyors, and architects recognize dispute triggers and make better decisions to minimize disputes in planning MOBs. • An approach to property ownership of multi-owned buildings (MOBs) from governance aspects is proposed to minimize disputes. • A view on dispute triggers is established as sociotechnical elements of MOB governance systems founded on property ownership. • BIM appears as a suitable data environment to represent and manage dispute triggers interpreted in the spatial context. • A BIM-based framework is constructed to automatically detect dispute triggers in MOB sociotechnical governance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In language learning, there is much evidence to suggest that heritage language (HL) learners exhibit learning needs and profiles that are distinct from non-HL learners. In the case of Chinese language teaching in Victoria, this issue is particularly pronounced because of the loose eligibility criterion that divides students into the streams of Chinese First Language, Chinese Second Language and Chinese Second Language Advanced. This paper aims to address the issue of problematic learning environments that arise when these students are not allocated to the mm correct stream, which leads to unfair assessment results and intimidates non-HL learners. The paper will take a mixed-method approach with particular emphasis placed on an elicited imitation test conducted on a sample group of students and an analysis of past VCE results to examine the differences between the two groups of learners and to identify the challenges and complications of having both of them in one Chinese classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on moments from an early learning forest inquiry located on Songhees, Esquimalt, and WSÁNEĆ territories, otherwise known as Victoria, BC, this paper engages with the messy politics of "care" that emerge when early childhood education and colonized forest ecologies meet. In it, we take up the challenge of unsettling our deeply held conceptualizations of care through a series of pedagogical stumblings with young children's worldly forest relations. Foregrounding the question "what constitutes good care in troubling times?" this discussion explores the logics we draw on to respond to the increasing sense of urgency in contemporary calls to teach children how to care for the earth. Can we learn to inhabit pedagogies of care in early childhood educational practice beyond simply retooling the extractive settler-colonial stewardship frameworks that brought us to this era of uncertainty? And what happens if we invite a wider cast of participants into our understandings of care than those prevailing early learning approaches tend to promote? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Assessment of policy mobilities across the lifetime of a policy. • Policy inflows and outflows are examined across five different policy stages, from agenda setting to evaluation. • We draw on quantitative analysis of reports, as well as qualitative interview data. • Identification of a peak in policy mobilities during the policy implementation stage. • Learning from elsewhere (policy inflows) continue even in later policy stages. This paper adds to scholarship on policy mobilities by borrowing a typology and set of ideas from political science about the different stages of the policy making process, namely agenda-setting, policy formulation, decision making, implementation, and evaluation. To date policy mobilities scholarship has mostly not been explicit about which stage of the policy process is being examined. We therefore provide a structure for analysing mobile policy inflows to, and outflows from, a policy over time, across the different stages, allowing the analysis of policy mobilities to be aligned more closely with government decision making processes. To test out our ideas we trace the policy mobilities associated with two Australian smart grid policies over their lifetime, i.e. in the lead up to the policy being implemented, and subsequently. The policies are the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) program in the State of Victoria, Australia (2009–2013) and the Australian federal government Smart Grid Smart City program (2010–14). We analyse a combination of codified and tacit forms of knowledge sharing, including through policy and industry reports, and interviews with policy practitioners. Key findings include a peak in policy mobilities during the implementation stage, and policy mobility inflows (learning from elsewhere) continuing even in later policy stages. In conclusion we advocate for greater attention to policy mobilities at different stages of the policy process, in order to broaden the scope of policy mobilities research and to develop a stronger understanding of the temporal dimensions of policy mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School classrooms are often reported as having insufficient ventilation with elevated indoor CO 2 concentrations. This paper reports on pre-pandemic field measurements of CO 2 concentration levels conducted for an academic year in 10 classrooms from four primary and a secondary school in Victoria, Australia. Measured CO 2 concentrations across the 10 classrooms which were operated with a mix of intermittent natural ventilation and air-conditioning for cooling or heating, on average ranged between 657 ppm and 2235 ppm during school hours with median over 1000 ppm in 70% of classrooms. All 10 classrooms in the study exceeded the Australian recommended limit of 850 ppm. Using average peak CO 2 concentrations from year-long measurements, estimated ventilation rate (VR) of 4.08 Ls-1 per person show under-performing classrooms where 60% had VRs 35–40% lower than the 10-12 Ls−1 per person Australian recommendation. Estimated VR range of 1.24–2.07 Ls-1 per person using peak maximum CO 2 levels were 19–30% lower than ASHRAE recommendation of 6.7 Ls-1 per person. These VRs translate to a range of air change rates on average between 0.52 and 0.88 h−1 ± 0.26–0.59, well below the 6.0 h−1 recommendation for good indoor ventilation by the World Health Organisation in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Characterisation of ventilation and indoor air quality in current Australian classroom stock is critical for the improvement of classroom design, induction on room operating practices, understanding of the school community on the relevance of building ventilation on school performance and health, and development of appropriate ventilation and indoor air quality guidelines for schools. • Monitored indoor air quality conditions in Australian classrooms for one whole year. • Characterised ventilation rates of intermittently naturally ventilated classrooms. • Different CO 2 peak values to estimate VR show variable ventilation conditions. • 60% of classrooms showed ventilation rates below the recommended minimum. • Negligible seasonal variability of CO 2 levels and ventilation in NV classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents a 3D geomechanical modelling study of the Iona gas storage facility in the state of Victoria, Australia. The results provide important information pertaining to gas storage, which can then be used to understand certain geomechanical aspects of CO2 storage. A key finding in this paper is that significant changes to the horizontal stress magnitudes are imparted by changes to the fluid pressure due to gas injection or withdrawal. This effect, known as the reservoir stress path, significantly influences fault stability by counteracting the changes to effective stress. In the case of Iona, pressurisation of the field results in a stress path which is parallel to the failure criterion rather than towards it, as would be expected in a classical treatment which does not incorporate complex poro-elastic effects. Another output of interest relates to reservoir deformation, which would be manifested at the ground surface as heave or subsidence. During periods of peak gas withdrawal and injection, surface ground movement is predicted to be on the order of −9mm and +2.5mm, respectively. These numbers are similar to the surface deformation observed at the In Salah CO2 injection project, but much smaller than the subsidence observed in some producing hydrocarbon fields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As urban water systems become increasingly stressed from climate change impacts, population growth and resource limitations, there is growing acceptance by scholars and practitioners of the need to transform practices towards more sustainable urban water management. However, insights into how strategic planning should be made operational to enable this transformation are limited; there is a need for a reliable diagnostic procedure that could assist planners, policy analysts and decision-makers in selecting and designing strategic action initiatives that best fit an urban water system''s current conditions to enable desired system changes. This paper is the first step in the development of such a diagnostic approach by proposing a scope for an operational procedure that maps a system''s current conditions and identifies its potential transformative capacity. It then reviews five existing analytic frameworks, which are influenced by transitions theory and resilience theory, and applies them each to a common empirical case study of successful transformative change in the stormwater management system of Melbourne, Australia. In this way, the paper explores how existing frameworks could potentially contribute to a diagnostic procedure for selecting and designing strategic action initiatives from the perspective of dynamic transformative change. The paper found that such a procedure should guide an analyst through steps that develop descriptive, explanatory and predictive insights to inform which strategic action initiatives best fit the current system conditions. The types of insights offered by different analytic frameworks vary, so a diagnostic procedure should be designed with a particular aim, problem or question in mind and the underpinning framework(s) selected accordingly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper investigates the nature and causes of vulnerability to bushfires in the Wulgulmerang district of East Gippsland, Victoria, in south-eastern Australia. In 2003 bushfires devastated the small population of this isolated farming district, destroying homes, agricultural assets and public infrastructure. The fires also adversely affected the health, livelihoods and social lives of many local people. The paper examines: (i) how and why people were exposed to hazards during the bushfires; and (ii) how and why people were differentially capable of coping and adapting to the fires'' impacts. Qualitative methods were primarily used to investigate these questions, including semi-structured interviews with residents and landholders of the district and others who responded to the fires in an official or unofficial capacity. Vulnerability is shown to arise from the circumstances of people''s everyday lives, which are shaped by factors both within and beyond their control. Local pressures and challenges – such as drought, declining farm incomes, depopulation, and the inaccessibility of essential services – are shown to increase people''s exposure to hazards and reduce their capacities to cope and adapt. The paper demonstrates the fundamental importance of sustainable livelihoods and regional economic vitality to the long-term goal of vulnerability reduction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Rate is an important, but difficult, mathematical concept. Despite more than 20 years of research, especially with calculus students, difficulties are reported with this concept. This paper reports the results from analysis of data from 20 Australian Grade 10 students. Interviews targeted students' conceptions of rate, focussing on the influence of representation and context on their expression of their understanding of rate. This analysis shows that different representations of functions provide varying levels of rate-related information for individual students. Understandings of rate in one representation or context are not necessarily transferred to another representation or context. Rate is an important, but commonly misunderstood, mathematical concept with many everyday applications (Swedosh, Dowsey, Caruso, Flynn, & Tynan, ). It is a complicated concept comprising many interwoven ideas such as the ratio of two numeric, measurable quantities but in a context where both quantities are changing. In mathematics classes, this is commonly expressed as change in the dependent variable resulting from a unit change in the independent variable, and variously described as constant or variable rate; average or instantaneous rate. In addition, rate may be seen as a purely abstract mathematical notion or embedded in the understanding of real-world applications. This paper explores the research question: Are students' expressions of their conceptions of rate affected by either context or mathematical representation? This question was part of a larger study (Herbert, ) conducted with Grade 10 students from the Australian state of Victoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a conference paper on the function of the Victorian Ombudsman in the implementation of the human rights protections. It is inferred that the paper was presented at the 2010 Australian Institute of Administrative Law (AIAL) Forum held in Sydney, New South Wales on July 22, 2010. The adoption of express human rights protections without compromising the ability to act independently to redress defective government decision-making is highlighted.

The year 2011 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the World Archaeological Congress (WAC). WAC marked a bold intervention in the politics of knowledge in archaeology in the context of the mid-1980s. But how has it fared in contemporary worlds of practice? In this paper, two senior WAC members take a close and critical look at the changing fortunes, meanings, and contexts of the organization. At its centre, is an account of the controversial meeting between the WAC Executive and Rio Tinto Limited, the mining multinational, in Melbourne in 2007. Other parts of the paper engage with notions of the Indigenous, and discuss the assumptions informing the WAC programme Archaeologists Without Borders. Framed as a challenge, the paper invites response and commentary, as a way of opening debate which allows us to envisage alternative futures for the discipline, beyond the banal prospect of 'Archaeology Inc.'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the notion that particular working relationships within school music programs can have a significant affect on the program's development and progress. To explore this notion the research focussed on the working relationship of a music teacher at Melbourne Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Ruth Flockart (1891-1985) and the principal Doctor A. Harold Wood (1896-1989). The research included an analysis of personal memorabilia, music manuscripts, newspaper articles, magazines and relics. Also, a range of oral history interviews were completed with family members, friends and former students of Flockart and Wood. The paper discusses the reasons for Flockart and Wood's significant influence upon the MLC music program. A shared religious devotion, a strong work ethic, excellent communication and the provision of mutual support were crucial to their successful working relationship. Significantly, a shared vision of the school music program was also vital. School music programs to this day rely upon the relationship between the school principal and the music teacher, hence the findings of this research can speak to contemporary schools with music programs. The findings may encourage understandings about working relationships in school music programs and lead to better outcomes for music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the body of literature on walkability there are many papers on improving a population's health by increasing rates of physical activity, and on how walking improves health. There is, however, a dearth of evidence on public infrastructure investment in built environments, which aim to promote healthy activity, and the relationship between these and evidence of social inclusion, exclusion and public health improvements. In this paper two projects based in the City of Geelong, - the Corio Norlane Active Transport Network and Cloverdale Walkability + - are described and used as grounding for discussion of theory and practice relating to these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital storytelling (DST) has been widely used as a means of empowerment for marginalised voices across community-based projects worldwide. This paper discusses uses but also limitations of the practice in the context of a Melbourne-based youth media program for 'youth at risk' called YouthWorx. Based on our ongoing, long-term ethnographic research, we explore the cultural production of digital stories as a co-creative process that exposes a range of controversies to do with the politics of 'voice', genre's communicative potential and ethical considerations. Concrete examples from YouthWorx's pedagogical work serve to illustrate the values of self-expression ('voice'), critical reflection and collaboration that form part of broader social transformations generated by these creative practices. The critique of DST practice offered here connects with existing studies concerned with the socially contextualised processes of media education, and the theoretical shift beyond 'the right to speak' towards 'the right to be understood' (Husband, 2009). The paper recommends more analytical attention be paid to a dynamic social process of learning (of media, interpersonal competencies) and community-building, extending beyond the immediate DST situation, rather than narrowing the focus on end-result atomised media products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the retention of Polish language and culture by first generation Polish migrants from the 1980s and their second generation offspring (aged 15-24) from endogamous and exogamous marriages. We examine various domains such as the home, social networks, visits to Poland, institutions of learning, the Polish media, the Polish Catholic Church, and other spheres of Polish activity such as reading Polish books and viewing Polish films, visiting Polish shops, involvement in Polish organizations, and use the Internet. The paper also compares language maintenance/shift in Polish speakers with other language groups. We include some reflections on the future of Polish in Australia as well as some recommendations for the ongoing support of Polish language and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe how teachers in independent school settings in Melbourne attempt to communicate their expectations to students to help them develop positive self perception. It seeks to identify whether they believe these expectations affect student achievement, and what motivational strategies these teachers use to enhance their students' learning. This is a qualitative study theoretically informed by phenomenological hermeneutic inquiry. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured open-ended interviews and results were critically analysed and interpreted hermeneutically. Four themes have been identified from the data collected. The focus of this paper however is on the third theme. That is how teachers communicate and enact their expectations to their students. Teachers lived experiences regarding this issue are discussed at length in this paper. When I started making sense of data I realized that these teachers articulated a strong belief that their expectations have a profound affect on the formulation of their students' self perception and on their motivational level. This paper endeavors to highlight this interconnection between teacher expectations with motivation and self perception as emerged from the data collected for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Many urban and regional areas of Australia have been facing severe drought over the past decade. This is particularly the case for most areas in the state of Victoria (located in the south east of the country). The management response to this situation has often been reactive with little thought about subsequent and long-term impacts. This paper reviews the water cartage industry in regional Victoria Australia which has developed in response to drought, suppling water in drought affected areas of the state. The review involved the survey of six water cartage businesses, and interviews with local government and water authority officers. The review found that the cost of the carted water is up to thirty-four times higher than the cost of the delivery of mains water in Australian cities and towns. Formal review of the water cartage industry and associated regulations is recommended to assess the environmental, social and economic impacts of water cartage. Secondly, and the paper benchmarks willingness to pay values for recycled water in a specific market segment of regional Victoria—Bendigo office workers (n =305). The contingent valuation method was used to elicit maximum willingness to pay for recycled water. The study found that participants were willing to pay on average A$7.66/kL for recycled water delivered to their homes (on January 18 2009, A$1.00=€0.50.US$0.68). This was an amount significantly greater than the A$1.33/kL charged to Bendigo residents for the delivery of potable mains water which is subject to water use restrictions. The results of this study indicate that individuals facing prolonged restrictions to the use of water may be willing to pay a higher price for recycled water than policy makers may anticipate. The established water cartage industry which services the Bendigo area may have influenced the high willingness to pay for recycled water which was evident in the particular segment of the population surveyed. Lessons learnt from this research will be beneficial for catchment (watershed) management globally. An important component of sustainable water management is consideration of impacts across catchments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reports on a small-scale research inquiry, designed to support teachers in a Melbourne primary school to bring together the arts, reading and writing in their classrooms in ways that create possibilities for "art-full" teaching and learning. The principal, concerned by underperformance on State literacy tests of the school's largely working-class and NESB population, requested David Hornsby and other members of the project team from the Education Faculty at La Trobe University to offer whole-school professional development. The focus was on developing oral language as a foundation for literacy learning, enacting Britton's claim that "reading and writing float on a sea of talk". The project team introduced the teachers to a range of innovative classroom practices for using visual and performance arts, literature, music and crafts. Drawing on video, interviews and writing samples, a number of teachers worked collaboratively with the research team to develop case studies of individual students with a range of literacy aptitudes and social skills. A key research question was: "What do children take from their engagement in arts-based activities into reading of literary texts, and potentially into writing from the perspective of another character?" In this paper we ponder this from three vantage points: by outlining the informing principles in our research project; confirming insights from current interdisciplinary work about children learning to see, do, act and say in play; and analysing the research data from the initial phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Australia and the cultural origins of its population are closely linked to the story of the migration of peoples from other continents. This paper includes an examination of opportunity and psychological costs of Polish migration to Melbourne (Australia) during the 1980s. Included are positive and negative experiences during the settlement process, as well as the outcomes and consequences of migration. Generally migrants have had a difficult time building a life for themselves in Australia due to a variety of reasons which will be discussed in this paper. The article also outlines Polish migrants opinions of multiculturalism in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a recent example of virtual place making: acmipark. Based on the real-world architecture and public spaces of Federation Square, Melbourne, acmipark is a three-dimensional virtual environment in which users explore architectural and landscape spaces while interacting and communicating with others online. Exhibited at the Australian Centre of the Moving Image, it allows the architecture and public space of Federation Square to be experienced both locally and globally. Its designers suggest that it represents a new paradigm for public space; this paper investigates that notion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is two fold: to look at Mornington U3A in organisational terms and then look at U3AM as a loosely coupled system. One outcome of the study would be to undertake further analyses of U3As in Victoria to determine the levels of bureaucracy under which each operates. Questions to be asked: are U3As in Victoria operating as bureaucracies and so need to be loosened up? Or are they run as organisational anarchies and need to be tightened up? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]