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In Cyprus the introduction of printing coincided with the beginning of the British occupation. Thereafter, all printed documents had to address a multilingual audience as English, Greek, and Ottoman Turkish were in use. This article focuses on a distinctive characteristic of the local printing history namely the practice of multiscript printing and the visual appearance of multilingual documents that addressed a linguistically multifarious society. For comparative reasons two different kinds of documents are examined: multilingual administrative documents and advertisements. The analysis of the documents provides insights into the practice of multiscript printing, i.e. the technical resources (printing methods and available types), the skills of printers, and the typographic conventions applied on multilingual documents. In conjunction with archival evidence these documents become mirrors of political convictions, social norms, and commercial transactions that linked a peripheral printing trade with the European centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 13 July 1974, two constitutional experts, Michael Dekleris and Orhan Aldıkacti from Greece and Turkey respectively, who had been supporting the enhanced intercommunal negotiations, reached a tentative agreement on the Cyprus problem.2 This was to be ratified on 16 July by Glafkos Clerides and Rauf Denktash on behalf of the Greek Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot Community.3 However, the coup against President Makarios on 15 July by the Greek Junta and the subsequent Turkish invasion on 20 July changed the overall political scene drastically. Not surprisingly, the basis of negotiations for a solution to the Cyprus problem changed from a unitary State to what eventually came to be known as a bizonal bicommunal federation. This paper assesses the results and repercussions of successive rounds of intercommunal negotiations under the auspices of the UN since 1974.4 In addition, certain suggestions are made for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to carry out a preliminary review of the existing literature about cashless society and the impact of COVID-19 on cash in Greece and Cyprus. A 'war on cash' will soon take place, as cash is thought of as a curse, and paper money is thought of as being unsanitary due to the coronavirus outbreak. Coins and paper currencies are considered a risk for public health, although transmission probability is low, compared with other more commonly touched objects. Data about the use of cash are being analysed. The ratio of cash to GDP in Greece and Cyprus from 2010 to 2020 increased rather than decreased and is above other countries. Cash is a convenient method of payment for low-value payments. Ratio is lower in Cyprus than in Greece and both countries have a high cash to GDP ratio in comparison with other digitalised countries, such as Sweden, while the number of confirmed cases and deaths from the coronavirus for Greece and Cyprus until the end of May 2021 were lower than expected. The population in Greece and Sweden is about the same (10.38 million people in Sweden and 10.42 million people in Greece). In the future, technological developments about payments will have an impact on cash usage all over the world. The coronavirus pandemic will increase the need to support cash and, at the same time, call for digital currencies from a central bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an article on the history and historiography of Cypriot communism. It is inspired by two recent volumes on Cypriot communism: the first is about the 1931 October uprising, the Communist Party of Cyprus and the Third International based on the official documents of the Communist International (by Sakellaropoulos and Choumerianos), and the second by a volume that deals with the history of Cypriot communism until the formal disbanding of the Communist party in 1944 (by Alecou and Sakellaropoulos). The paper aims to contextualise and discuss how Cypriot communists themselves engage with their own history: Cypriot Communists saw their mission as historical, i.e., the resolution of the national question was seen as integral to their strategy of achieving a socialist transformation of the world. It critically examines the difficulties of the Cypriot Left to write and appraise its own early history of Cypriot Communism, despite repeated attempts and having commissioned historians to write an official history. Communism in Cyprus emerged in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution during the late period of British colonial rule in Cyprus and was active in the 1931 uprising. The hegemonic nationalist historiography has vilified the Left and its role in the national liberation struggle, because the Communists in the 1920s and 1930s opposed union with Greece (Enosis): they saw this as a reactionary slogan that diverted attention from the urgent resolution of the class/social question and would play in the hands of colonisers dividing the toilers along ethnic/national lines in their 'divide-and-rule' games. This paper critically reviews historical debates over anticolonialism and liberation struggles in Cyprus. In nationalist historiography, the 'social question' is subordinated to the 'national question', if not totally obscured. The Left in the 1920s and 1930s however, perceived the 'national question' as an aspect of the social-political question in the struggle for socialism: the principle of self-determination of Cypriots was to be realised as part of regional struggle with the goal of a Balkan Socialist Federation. By the 1940s, the Cypriot Communist line changed: as the prospects of revolution receded, the anticolonial struggle would resolve the national question by uniting with Greece. What followed is well-known: Cyprus and its people are de facto divided. Whilst there is fascinating scholarship demonstrating the processes of the different versions of a highly contested ideological struggle about the goals, strategy, tactics and means in national liberation, the nationalist historiography has imposed a straitjacket that prevents such insights from properly making inroads in public history, school textbooks, and official historiography. This has generated a national(ist) ideological frame that has made historical debates which question the dominant narrative almost impossible within public history. Nonetheless, the terrain has now opened widely, as younger scholars in academia and in social media are questioning such assumptions and reifications pertaining to anticolonial struggles for liberation. The current dissensus and polarisation has generated new spaces and has endowed new vigour in debates on the history of the Left in the country. Such debates however are not necessarily about the past; they are primarily about the present reading the past to illuminate the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redesign of Eleftheria Square was imagined to be the spearhead of a new era in Nicosia's urban identity. However, the capital of Cyprus is still struggling with a complex decision-making process and a weak planning system. Rapid urban change, coupled with urban sprawl, are raising questions about the future of Nicosia, and other Cypriot cities. The aim of this paper is to position the redesign of Eleftheria Square within Nicosia's urban historical context. The paper explores the Ottoman and British approaches to the city's development, exposing how their legacies manifest in current ideologies and values about urban space. The redesign of Eleftheria Square is presented as an example of a third 'glocalised' approach, exacerbating the existing dichotomy between the Ottoman and British approaches. The article concludes by questioning Eleftheria Square's legacy and advocating for a wider discussion about what constitutes, influences and drives urban change in Nicosia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the extent to which the recent turbulent history of Cyprus is reflected in an emblematic building, the Ledra Palace Hotel. The hotel is situated on Nicosia's buffer zone, the Green Line that, since 1964, has divided the island into Greek Cypriot and Turkish sectors. Since its establishment in 1949 the Ledra Palace has been the background of the country's key historical events. In this paper, the Ledra Palace is analysed as an integral part of Cyprus' cultural heritage which contributes to the understanding and negotiation of the island's difficult past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents lists of books, articles, working papers and research on Cyprus including the book "Cyprus: The Post-Imperial Constitution," by V. K. Fouskas and A. Tackie, the article "Britain, America and the Sovereign Base Areas From 1960-1978," by A. Constandinos which appeared in a 2009 issue of "The Cyprus Review" and the study "Places of Desire: Notions of Place and Home Among Greek and Turkish Cypriot Refugees," by L. Dikomitis.

This paper discusses the ways in which artists experience the issue of national/cultural identity and its connection with language/the Greek Cypriot dialect mainly, during the second decade of the 21st century in Cyprus. Concepts such as hybridity and cultural identity are discussed. In the 21st century, hybridity and diversity have been largely established in culture, in the arts. Cultural difference becomes a necessary and, above all, desirable phenomenon, whose function is to break myths (national, ideological, etc.). The search for cultural identity seems to preoccupy mostly the new generation of directors, since the beginning of the second decade of our century. Many artists express their engagement with the national/cultural identity issue in two ways: either through the theme of the performances or through the use of the Greek Cypriot dialect as the language of the performance. Some productions are indicated as examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Coastal exhumations present challenges due their singular hydrogeological and environmental conditions. • Practical solutions for documenting and recovering skeletal remains at coastal locations. • The techniques presented could be applied equally to a humanitarian or criminal investigation. This paper reports on coastal exhumations performed during 2006–2022, under the framework of the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus (CMP) humanitarian identification programme. CMP archaeologists investigated 217 coastal locations and recovered skeletal remains on 44 occasions. Challenging environmental conditions required a customized exhumation plan, which could be executed swiftly without compromising operational integrity or standards. The author performed a retrospective analysis to propose an optimized strategy, which includes a survey, exhumation, digital documentation, and post-processing components, with the aim of minimizing the effects of adverse environmental conditions. The proposed strategy is based on scientific standards and observations in the field; it can satisfy the needs of a humanitarian or criminal investigation if appropriate measures are taken to uphold legislative and forensic standards. The author also discussed the taphonomic effects of coastal erosion and wave activity in tandem with exhumation recommendations to assist forensic practitioners involved in similar investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyprus Government Railway (CGR), which operated between 1905-1951 was constructed during the British Colonial period. Railway heritage is important, since it is part of the common cultural heritage of both Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities living on the island. However, division of the island is a challenge to the conservation of the railway heritage. Unfortunately, little effort has been made by the two communities to document, preserve and reuse railway heritage buildings and related structures. The main goal of the paper is to raise the awareness of the railway heritage in Cyprus and to propose strategies to use this common heritage as a tool for reconciliation in a divided island. The method of the study included archive survey conducted to identify original railway buildings and structures. Secondly, field studies were completed in order to record the present day condition of the railway heritage. Lastly, a vision for the future of the shared heritage has been put forward for inter-communal benefit. CGR is a shared heritage of the both the communities. Due to its potential to contribute to the reconciliation of the society, conservation of the railway heritage is crucial in terms of transferring the culture to the next generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographies and borders have become often-debated concepts, especially in the view of the increasing impact of globalization and regional integration processes. In such cases, borders are attributed certain imagined meanings and more so, they are associated with feelings. Considering such dynamics, EU-Turkey relations can be considered a good example of how borders, emotions and spatial dimensions interact. However, not much attention has been given to the emotional facets of spatial relations. By utilizing the concept of "hot places", this study tries to fill this void. We separate EU-Turkey relations into three phases: the Cold War, post-Cold War, and the peak of migration politics, driven by the Syrian Civil War. We argue that there is a specific hot place for each of these periods: Kreuzberg, Berlin for the period between 1959 and 1989, Cyprus for the post-Cold War period, and the Syrian conflict for the last period. Thus, this paper aims at suggesting a novel approach to the study of emotions, spatiality, and EU-Turkey relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on data from a qualitative study of youth climate activists in Cyprus to explore the notion of temporality implied in how youth interrogate intergenerational relations in the context of their struggle against climate change and the tensions therein. Acknowledging the structural age inequalities that limit their actions, youth activists drew on multiple temporal frames of present, future, and past to delineate a sense of urgency for action to prevent an irreversible catastrophe in the future and to forge a future of hope. In the process, they invited other/older generations to the climate struggle, an opening that came with expressions of ambivalence among some activists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How have modern threats and challenges manifesting during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the Republic of Cyprus at state and societal levels? What are the links between new security challenges and existing conventional conflicts? COVID-19 has spread anxiety, fear, and misleading information, and it has brought forth new challenges and concepts in how we understand security. This paper examines how these challenges are rooted in a security struggle of hybrid-threat entanglement in the Republic of Cyprus during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in the first two waves from March to October 2020. Specifically, the paper views COVID-19 itself as a hybrid threat that has bred a range of security issues of the Republic of Cyprus. Hybrid threats are of a multitudinous nature. When hybrid threats like a pandemic virus disrupts the wider security and routinised processes in everyday life, states and societies become trapped in a process of security entanglement: one type of threat becomes interlinked with other processes. When this process of security entanglement is neglected or overlooked (thereby avoiding disentangling), policy at large is affected, be it a State's foreign, economic, or security policy. As a result, society itself is affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the strategies followed by two family groups towards wealth accumulation in fifteenth-century Cyprus, by examining their marriage alliances, wider kinship relations and shifting religious alignments. The fifteenth century was a testing time for the inhabitants of the island, as they experienced successive bouts of plague epidemics and foreign invasion (Mamluks 1424-26), as well as suffering the effects of civil war. While the fortunes of some Cypriot families declined, others successfully navigated the shifting power balances. Zooming out, they paper will re-assess the island's place within the business and trading networks, which stretched across the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the academic community in Cyprus and Greece, during the Covid-19 lockdowns, when Universities shifted to online education. Daily routine, mental health (anxiety and depression), physical health (pain) and quality of life were measured. Cross-comparisons were performed (before vs. during lockdown or based on socio-demographic characteristics). Interesting results were obtained. There was an overall increase in hours spent sitting and sleeping. Students slept significantly more than faculty and faculty worked for longer hours with fewer breaks. Students were more negatively affected psychologically compared to faculty, whereas females were more negatively affected, both physically and mentally. Since the pandemic continues, working from home remains a solution in many cases, while distance learning has been shown to be efficient, with Universities adopting it as an alternative method in their programmes. Proper training should aim to protect the mental and physical health of the University community during remote work or work under stressful conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyprus is a culturally diverse island where people of different nationalities, ethnicities, religions, and social status have learned to live together. This phenomenon can be observed in Cyprus' international schools, where the superdiversity of the Cypriot society comes together and overlaps; and where students enter a 'third space' created at the interstices of society, that is non-native and non-host. In this paper, we explore these students' sense of belonging to both their host (Cyprus) and heritage cultures, and the role played by international schools in the development of the two. The sense of belonging, as well as its challenges which go hand in hand, are important aspects of social integration and provide insights into how individuals relate to their environment and whether they feel socially connected or disconnected from it. This is especially important in the context of Cyprus because of the increasing number of long-term migrants who consider Cyprus their 'home', and who create their own cultural and social space on the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Limassol held an important harbour for pilgrims and travellers of various nationalities who came to Limassol from all different walks of life. The aim of this paper is to bring forward the different German narratives within Limassol by following the streams of pilgrims and travellers that passed through over the decades. It will also investigate the decrease in the number of pilgrims around the 14th century and the rise of travellers who specifically came to Limassol during the 18th century, concluding that there was no actual decrease but a lack of documentation due to the constant passing of Cyprus from one power to the next. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon neutrality has been a global consensus to navigate away from catastrophic climate change. In particular, such climate changes also generate inevitable influences on economic securities, such as energy security and food security, through energy structure transformation etc. Energy and food are essential elements for human beings, and they are naturally linked to sustainable development. Usually, emergency events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may threaten energy security or food security in a region, the risk of which would be amplified due to the energy-food nexus effect. This is no doubt also a challenge and an opportunity for countries to achieve carbon neutrality. To realize the stable pathways to carbon neutrality, it is important to analyze the energy scarcity risk and food scarcity risk of each industry and country as well as the nexus effect between energy and food. In this paper, we combine multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis with network control analysis (NCA) to investigate the dependence degree of each country and region on energy and food resources as well as the risk transmission network of the energy-food scarcity nexus. Base on this, the impact of climate policy on energy-food nexus scarcity risk is analyzed. We found some interesting conclusions. First, regarding the risk transmission network of the energy-food scarcity nexus, China, Germany and the US are the main generators, and the main receptors are Taiwan, Mexico and the Netherlands. These results imply that international trade transfers energy/food scarcity to geographically distant regions via the international supply chain. Second, as for the scarcity risk per unit of output, small economies that rely heavily on imported energy or food (such as Cyprus and Luxemburg) have the highest scarcity risk and are among the top receptors of transmitted risks. We suggest collaborative conservation and management of energy and food resources. Third, the analyses that assess the emission intensity and scarcity risk find that implementation of emission control policies could significantly decrease initial energy scarcity risk and energy-food nexus scarcity risk. This implies that besides emission reduction achievement, climate policies bring co-benefits of energy-food nexus security. Moreover, the co-benefit of energy and food nexus security for low income economies associated with climate policy is much higher than that for high income economies. • Characterized energy-food scarcity to track the risk transmission network. • Developed MRIO and NCA models to investigate the dependence degree of nexus. • Weighed initial risk of energy-food scarcity against intensity-based scheme. • Identified scarcity nexus and control allocation matrix. • Explored trends in transmission network of integral energy-food resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first three decades of the 20th century, the British made a substantial effort to upgrade Cyprus agriculture for export purposes. In the above context, silk and flax were of great value to Cypriots and were blooming during the period under study, yet only in the form of home industry. The present paper investigates two agricultural factories operating during the same period of time but very different in every aspect. The Flax Factory in Zodia was the creation of the Department of Agriculture and the present paper gives an overview of the course of the establishment through time and actions from 1923 to 1945. The second factory, the Cyprus Silk Filature in Yeroskipou, Paphos, was a factory established by a British company with the full support of the Cyprus colonial government. Two important aspects of the filature are under study, the working conditions and the company's - cocoon merchant's dispute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Commonwealth countries retain an unceasing connection to the United Kingdom. Ranging from the values of the Victorian England on human rights, to the oversea territories, the puritanical colonial power stigmatised in an emphatic way the lives of millions. The Republic of Cyprus constitutes a case on point of such influence. That said, this paper unearths a long-standing culture of disrespect for basic human rights generally and the rights of the child in particular amid the normalization of deviant behaviour towards children since 1878. The paper intends on investigating the legal and socio-legal position of children during the British colonialism in the Island of Cyprus. In analysing the factual and legal status of the cases in question, a brief historical overview is of the essence. Thus, the current paper is legally-based yet, rather interdisciplinary as history and diplomacy 'flirts' with the law. The originality of the paper focuses on the conspicuous gap in the academic literature relating to children's rights in the Island of Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

COVID-19 changed not only the way we live but also the way we teach and prepare pre-service teachers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the shift from a conventional STEM fair to an online teaching environment prepared by elementary pre-service teachers after the closure of the educational system in Cyprus as of March 2020. We describe a 3-steps process followed for the design, development, and delivery of the STEM fair concerning the technological equipment used, the activities' adaptations made by the pre-service teachers', and the level of readiness to teach online based on the initial outcomes of the STEM fair. The brief paper concludes with practical implications and suggestions for future attempts about online teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is the reception of Ludwig van Beethoven's works at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, from the establishment of symphony orchestras and other cultural institutions. These works include symphonic and chamber music, performed in the framework of symphonic concerts as presented by the Cyprus Symphony Orchestra and chamber music as presented by chamber music festivals. This paper will shine a light onto the preserved concert programs of the orchestras, as well as other concerts that can be traced in newspapers and other printed magazines, in order to demonstrate how Beethoven's compositions became part of the concert programming. The rapid but simultaneously abrupt growth of the cultural scene in the twentieth century, was interweaved with what kind of compositions and what composers could be included in concert programs, taking into consideration the restrictions that governed large performances such as performers' numbers and the diversity of instrumental players, who would support the staging of certain works. The reception of Beethoven's works is studied in the changing local political, historical, social and cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the arguments found in the editorials of two British newspapers, the Manchester Guardian and the Times, on the Cyprus issue. The analysis focuses mainly on the position of the newspapers' editors on the Greek and Turkish political stands over Cyprus during the crucial period between 1954-1959. The major questions addressed are the following: to what extend did the views of the two newspapers conflict or coincide with one another? What was their starting point and what did they consider to be important in the discussion for Cyprus: Britain's needs, Greek demands or Turkish anxieties? When did the editors publish editorials on Cyprus and what motivated them to do so? As Andreas Sophocleous wrote, the significance of the British press, as well as the Greek and the Turkish, in understanding the period 1955- 1959, is great. The paper analyses sources that, despite their significance, remain only partially explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relation between the political elites and business interests in Cyprus, and how the elites attempted to enhance their position during the period 2010-2020. The methodology is social-historical. Its empirical data are drawn from the major political and economic events during the period under review and are contextualised in broader systemic trends, such as the global banking crisis and the ambiguous, borderline status of the island. The banking mechanism (as a representative of finance capital) and its relation to other forms of capital (developers/construction industry, law firms and large accounting firms related to foreign capital and the ‘golden passports’ scheme as it turned out, and media owners) will be the focus in analysing business interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the relationship between the Cyprus State and the Cyprus Family Planning Association (CFPA) for all the CFPA’s existence in Cyprus (1971 to date). By reviewing relevant documents and interviewing people in the CFPA and the State, it argues that even though aspects of the relationship have changed through the years, it had never been confrontational; on the contrary, there was collaboration on a number of issues, in particular in providing services and information to various social groups, including workers in the government. One contentious issue was the introduction of sexuality education in schools, which was being discussed for several years. The CFPA used a variety of lobbying strategies, and despite a positive occasional response, the topic was not introduced in schools until 2012 when a variety of factors, such as government determination for educational reform, key people, and social attitudes, all contributed to its eventual introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic aim of this study was to investigate the nurtured PT features using museums as part of the learning process. The findings were compared with the existing PT literature and offer an in-depth investigation of the PT features. The data: • Revealed the important role of narrative. • Revealed the identification of all the PT features. • Contributed to the understanding of how children's PT can be fostered through alternative learning resources such as museum visits. This was achieved through the interaction of four elements: • museum historical artefacts. • stimulus space. • children. • experts. The study provides a starting point for further research on the aspirations of Narrative and PT by drawing on learning resources associated with museum visits. This paper presents the key finding of the study through a figure and ends with suggestions for further research. The topic of Possibility Thinking (PT) has been investigated both conceptually and empirically for over a decade in early years settings and primary school classrooms. The basic aim of this study was to investigate if, and which, PT features can be nurtured when museums are used during the learning process. This study had as a sample eight primary school teachers in Cyprus with their students aged 9–10 years. It employed various data collection methods including semi-structured interviews, observations, teachers' reflections and the researcher's reflective journals. The findings were compared with the existing PT literature and offer an in-depth investigation of PT features (question posing, play, immersion, innovation, risk taking, being imaginative, self-determination and intentionality). The data revealed the important role of narrative, and the identification of all the PT features, as well as contributing to the understanding of how children's PT can be fostered through alternative learning resources such as museum visits. This was achieved through the interaction of four elements (museum historical artefacts, stimulus space, children and experts). The study provides a starting point for further research on the aspirations of Narrative and PT by drawing on learning resources associated with museum visits. This paper presents the key finding of the study through a figure and ends with suggestions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is on the urban neighbourhoods of the displaced State properties, which were constructed in the Republic of Cyprus from 1976 onwards to re-house the internally displaced Greek Cypriots. This was a large scale, low cost State housing project that resettled people, according to income and family size, in purposefully built neighbourhoods, which were constructed on the edges of urban environments. Through the State housing policy a new social identity was constructed, which was recongised as a refugee or internally displaced person, i.e. a social group which felt labelled by their spatial positioning in the built environment. In this paper the experience and construction of the Cypriot refugee/displaced persons neighbourhoods is discussed, as well as the question of temporality through the concretisation of the 'camps' into 'neighbourhoods'. The paper addresses the ambivalent framing of these urban spaces (in terms of the figure of the internally displaced person and the refugee) and the political manipulation of the displaced persons by the State. Notions of labelling, social class and segregation are also discussed in relation to the urban development of State housing in Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper charts 100 years of sociology in Cyprus, detailing the sources, the contributions and the potential for public sociology. The paper connects Cypriot sociology to the broader critical thought in global sociological debates and explores the development of sociological and social thought in Cyprus in a small post-colonial, divided country. It critiques explanations for its marginal position as an academic discipline in Cyprus. This paper challenges the prevailing view that Cypriot society is 'isolated', 'insular' and 'barren' when it comes to producing ideas, theories and sociology, including the effects of the Cyprus problem and the 'deficient modernisation thesis', best expounded by Caesar Mavratsas. It then provides the first taxonomy of the sources and themes on the evolution of Cypriot sociology before it focuses on current issues and developments. The paper argues that, despite this relative marginality at an institutional level, there is an abundance of sociological thinking outside, often against or beyond the outmoded policy and sociology, often used as apologetics for the establishment. Public sociology and critical sociology provide serious challenge to hegemonic knowledge regarding different issues such as the Cyprus problem, state formations, ethnic conflict/relations class, gender, sexuality and migration. The paper examines how the combination of these historical factors, together with the particular organisation of institutional and class power, shaped all aspects of social and cultural life, including the development of sociology as a discipline. The paper concludes on the potential for critical and public sociology derived from the magma of Cypriot society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maren Wickwire's documentary film Together Apart explores institutional discrimination against migrant workers in Cyprus through the personal narratives of its Filipina protagonists. At the same time, the film brings attention to the women's intimate relationships formed in the diaspora. By analyzing how these moments of diasporic intimacy challenge the logics of institutional discrimination, this paper seeks to re-evaluate heteronormative understandings of attachment. The paper explores, first, institutional discrimination against migrants in Cyprus, second, the (unfortunately) negligible contribution of Cypriot films and films about Cyprus so far in addressing this issue, third, the significance of Wickwire's cross-border filmmaking practices, and lastly, it calls into question conventional logics of family, belonging and nationhood that fuel discrimination by demonstrating the border-defying powers of diasporic intimacy in Together Apart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological survey methods combined with geophysical reconnaissance and test excavations offer systematic ways to shed light on ancient landscapes and settlements in regions considered passive "backwaters" on the edges of more well-known states or urban configurations. For the island of Cyprus, such rural places developing during the Iron Age (ca. 11th–4th centuries b.c.) are understudied, despite evidence for diverse and complex regional occupation patterns. This paper presents preliminary results of investigations in the Vasilikos and Maroni River valleys of south-central Cyprus and discusses the archaeological traces of emerging small-scale communities on the eastern edges of the polity of Amathus. Recent work incorporating legacy data reveals not only diverse taphonomies of rural landscapes, but also heterogeneous activities marked by investment in rural commodities, as well as by ritual and mortuary practices. Such investigations allow archaeologists to reassess assumptions of static hinterlands and interrogate instead the recursive generation of urban and rural formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7, which calls for universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable clean energy for everyone, is expected to influence near-future trends in many countries across the European Union. Retrofitting buildings is an important milestone in the evolutionary development of energy-efficient residential buildings, yet a significant proportion of the south-eastern European social-housing stock is obsolete in this area; in addition to effective retrofitting strategies for these buildings, the occupants thereof, who represent different socio-demographic backgrounds, also require in-depth study. Even though this subject has been widely investigated, new approaches that consider connections between technology and the behavioural responses of residents are needed to continuously update retrofitting design strategies and energy-efficiency solutions. This paper aims to fill a research gap in the area of developing an evidence-based framework for energy-policy decision-making mechanisms related to the integration of the Energy Performance Building Directives at the level of conceptual and nationwide implementation schemes. In general, properties in this particular sector account for approximately 38% of the total housing stock and demonstrate some of the worst housing standards in Europe. The objective of this study is to focus on the interaction of such attitudes and the underlying determinant factors thereof with socio-cultural and contextual factors. A socio-technical-systems (STS) approach is used as a theoretical framework to integrate household socio-demographic characteristics related to energy use, the thermal-conductivity level of buildings and environmental factors; and to address the question of how different contexts influence motivation to develop energy-efficiency strategies. Drawing on the STS, this study investigates domestic energy use and measures thereof in post war social housing stock in the south-eastern Mediterranean, where the climate is subtropical (Csa) and partly-semi-arid (Bsh); these designations are according to the Köppen climate classification system; to improve the energy efficiency of archetype residential tower blocks (RTBs) that are embedded and interpreted in the socio-cultural local context of Cyprus. Feed-forward interviews of 100 flats revealed a moderate negative correlation (r = −0,329, p 〈0,01) between household income and tenancy status, and there was a moderate positive relationship (r = 0,252, p < 0,05) between household income and length of residency; this indicates that household income is a determinant factor related to energy use. Of the surveyed flats, 73% were owner-occupiers whose ages ranged between 55 and 65 and 65-years-of-age and older; these age bands were in the high-income group, and the energy consumption of these households was higher than the national average, all of which demonstrates an association between the age and level-of-income factors. A moderate negative correlation (r = −0,229, p < 0,05) was found between the occupants' ages and their complaints related to thermal discomfort, which suggests that built-environment factors and household socio-demographic characteristics should be evaluated before any type of building retrofitting is developed. The study findings were implemented to develop policy design that considers the UN Sustainable Development Goals related to energy-and-recovery plans; implications on domestic energy use in the south-eastern Mediterranean climate are expected to influence future trends in EU countries. The flow diagram demonstrates the novelty of the socio-technical-systems conceptual framework developed for this study. [Display omitted] • Socio-technical associations between energy use and occupants' thermal comfort were examined. • Social households in vivo experiences on energy use were explored. • A moderate correlation (r = -0,329, p < 0,01) was found between income and type of tenancy. • A moderate correlation (r = 0,252, p < 0,05) was found between income and length of residency. • A moderate correlation (r = -0,229, p < 0,05) was found between the occupants' age and thermal discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

COVID-19 has led to an abrupt change in the time spent self-isolated in our domestic residence. The introduction of self-isolation or lockdown measures have increased domestic violence significantly. The Republic of Cyprus has implemented stay-at-home measures which saw a rise of approximately 30% of domestic violence incidences. It is thus of outmost importance to acknowledge the long-standing pandemic which was once again unearthed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Bearing in mind the above, the current paper will identify and analyse the international, regional, and national legal framework which aims at preventing, protecting, and combating domestic violence. The terrifying increase of domestic violence during the pandemic has showed an increased demand in empowering women, mothers and children by spreading awareness with regard to the tool-box available for the prevention, protection, and combat against domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the mediation legislation of Cyprus and the actual practice of mediation in the island if any. The recent developments and upcoming actions or initiatives on mediation in Cyprus on behalf of the Ministry of Justice, such as the draft law on mediation offamily disputes, which is currently under parliamentary review and the proposed reform of the mediation law 159/2012, are also discussed in the paper. In this framework, the goal of the paper is to present the provisions of mediation legislation in Cyprus, the emergence of its problems and gaps, and some critical remarks on the direction to improve the legislation and to promote mediation in practice via compulsory mediation in some categories of civil and/or commercial disputes, as a possible regulatory change in order to succeed actual mediation practice in Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general aim of this paper is to examine the case of the Republic of Cyprus' quest for exploring natural gas reserves in its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) amidst Turkey's threats and mobilisation of naval military means, under the lens of coercion and deterrence theory. Particularly, the paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Turkey's use of threats towards the Republic of Cyprus (RoC), in an effort to force the latter to cancel its programme of exploratory drills in the Eastern Mediterranean. A variable that must be examined in this case is the presence and engagement of international oil and gas companies which the RoC has licensed to explore the Cypriot EEZ, despite Turkey's dispute of Nicosia's authority. In this context, the paper's special objective is to outline the impact of these companies' presence on Turkey's strategy and the RoC's efforts to overcome Turkish revisionism and to accomplish its goals. The main hypothesis is that the engagement of the oil and gas companies suggests an intervening variable that modifies the power distribution in a game where the militarily stronger party (Turkey) attempts to coerce the weaker party (RoC), -which actually lacks sufficient military means,-and thus to impose its will on it as a result of mutual rational power calculations. In the framework of our analysis, we pay particular attention to the concept of 'coercive diplomacy', which has been developed by Alexander George. In order to evaluate Turkey's strategy in the case under examination, we refer to Ankara's ultimatum which led to the cancellation of the deployment of the S-300 system in Cyprus in December 1998 as an example of successful Turkish coercive diplomacy towards the RoC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the challenges facing EU's energy security in the natural gas sector since 2013. Despite the improvement of the Union's internal policy coordination, interconnectivity and market integration, the EU is becoming increasingly dependent on its existing primary supplier, Russia's Gaz prom, while at the same time alternative sources of gas have become less reliable because of their associated political risk. In this regard, Mediterranean supplies were particularly affected by the 2011 Arab Revolutions. The paper argues that the new gas discoveries of the Eastern Mediterranean could transform the region to a new source of simultaneous supply and transit diversification for the EU. In this context the paper analyzes the gas policies of Egypt, Israel and Cyprus to illustrate their net export capacities while highlighting the evolution of EU energy policy making vis-à-vis the Eastern Med since 2014. It concludes with a comparative analysis of the different export options for the evacuation of East Med Gas to the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the main findings of a study exploring primary teachers' beliefs and practices with educational technology, through a sociocultural lens. The research setting involved an exemplary case - a model school in terms of technology integration, on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The study sample consisted of teachers serving at the model school and Educational Ministry officials, while data collection methods included a brief questionnaire-based survey, interviews and classroom observations. Engestrom's Activity Theory model was employed both as a theoretical framework and an analytical tool. Despite the favourable technology conditions in the setting, findings suggest a weak link between teacher use of technology and the lesson objectives, with several explicit and implicit tensions at the teacher, school and system levels, affecting technology integration. The Activity Theory proved valuable in interpreting the findings and considering educational technology in its broader context, as a systemic and socially situated initiative. The implications of this study, especially regarding the sociocultural issues behind the integration of technology into schooling, contribute further to our understanding of the requirements for successful implementation of the initiative at different but certainly interactive and interdependent levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will explore how, during the course of the Cyprus Problem, factors like lost opportunities, absence of political realism, political polarization, sentiments and ideological constraints contributed to perpetuate as well as complicate the dispute. Foreign involvement added to the complexity of the issue. By looking at crucial junctures of modern Cypriot history, the paper aims to provide historical insights as to how lessons from past mistakes can contribute to a successful reunification of the island. Which insights from the past could be utilized to contribute to the viability of a future agreement?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the context of the introduction of income tax to the Colony of Cyprus in 1941, just after the commencement of World War II, and it reviews some of the technical provisions contained in the income tax legislation. In addition, this paper argues that the 1941 legislation had a number of important political, social and economic consequences which, until now, have been largely unresearched. However, additional investigation needs to be undertaken in this area before a comprehensive narrative can be finalised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the ways Greek-Cypriot self-confessed lesbian artist Charitini Kyriakou takes up space in her visual work. It examines the sexual and spatial orientation in Kyriakou's artistic and curatorial practices by focusing on four of her solo exhibitions from the last decade: 'Months Stay' («Μήνες Μείνε») (2010), 'My Personal Persons' («Προσωπικά μου Πρόσωπα») (2011), 'Rooms' («Δωμάτια») (2016) and 'Desire's Erebus' («Του Πόθου το Ερεβώδες») (2018). As will be shown, the lesbian space of Kyriakou agrees with lesbian assembling practices, highlights the everyday as a site of creativity, delight, and protection, privileges the inner world, assumes a lesbian habitus through deportment, disposition, and attire, as well as transgresses heteronormativity's spatial, sexual, and national boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine Adamantios Diamantis' painting The World of Cyprus as a representation of a male-dominated society where women are marginalised. Through the analysis of the artwork, I will consider how the piece presents a traditional 'world of Cyprus' that was beginning to disappear during the post-1960s. I will refer to Diamantis' work as an example to explore gender relations and socio-political conditions in patriarchal Cyprus. I will argue that socio-political conditions in Cyprus left little space for women to contest patriarchy, to fight for gender equality, or to gain public visibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of gender and banking historiography have been poorly discussed by national literature. This paper seeks to help cover this gap and further contribute to the limited, yet very informative existing knowledge regarding the role of women in Cyprus's historiography and economy. In addition, it aims to challenge the master narrative of 'separate spheres' and to discuss women's investment activity within a family framework. For this, I have researched two bank shareholders' ledgers from the Bank of Cyprus Historical Archive covering the period between 1913 and 1930, and the digitalised archives of ten Greek Cypriot newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation is at the heart of policing. Criminal investigations require the gathering of facts (or evidence) from a number of sources with the ultimate goal to identify the perpetrator of a crime and serve the justice system. This evidence comes from, among other things, crime scenes (i.e. DNA) and from information disclosed by significant others (i.e. witnesses, suspects, victims). It is very often the case that the outcome of an investigation depends heavily on the process and outcome of police interviews with witnesses, as they provide the initial direction of the investigation and the lines of enquiry to be pursued. The investigative interviewing of witnesses is an area which has attracted great attention over the years as the crucial role witnesses play within the criminal justice system has come to light, not always in the most favourably way. Witnesses' misidentifications, which can result in wrongful convictions and subsequent miscarriages of justice, have brought together practitioners and professionals in a quest to develop best practices in witness interviewing and improve eyewitness testimony and identification. Such practices will be examined in this paper, and discussed also in relation to the context in Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the evolution of brewing during the financial crisis on the basis of four countries, Cyprus, Greece, Ireland and Portugal. These countries asked for financial assistance and imposed restructuring programs that exacerbated the financial crisis. The examined period is extended from 2008 to 2017 and it is a period during which the adjustment programs were applied to these countries. The purpose of this article is to see if during the crisis an industry can have growth prospects. This search is based on the fact that during the crisis some countries or sectors or products can perform better than the whole. The examination was based on a comparative analysis between the four countries but also with the European Union countries considered as a whole. The paper focused on the comparative evolution regarding production, consumption, number of breweries and microbreweries and direct employment. The results showed that brewery production in the four countries was affected by the country's GDP growth. However it increased particularly in the second half of the period considered. This evolution was positively affected by the growth of tourism, especially in Greece and Portugal. The creation of breweries by small producers, especially in the second half of the period, is characteristic of the brewery's growth. New microbreweries have helped to create new jobs in countries with higher unemployment than the EU as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All countries face corruption, in particular political corruption. The complexity of fighting political corruption derives from the fact that it represents the most effective form of struggle to achieve and retain, for power. Firstly, Citizens legitimise it as political struggle, and it is deeply latent since top authorities are often involved in corrupt relations, which makes political corruption less obvious to the general public. At the same time, political corruption undermines democratic foundations and constitutes a threat to state institutions. It is highly unlikely that political corruption as well as corruption in a broader sense might be defeated, but reducing it to a certain minimum is an important task for states. To this end, nation states need to develop counter-corruption mechanisms based on an analysis of its essence and features. This paper identifies the attributes of political corruption and the guiding principles for fighting it. Based on the analysis performed, the authors break down political corruption into four types: illegal political financing, electoral financing, favouritism, and corruption in the civil service. Each of these types have their own features requiring specific tools to fight corruption both domestically and globally. The researchers made a comparative analysis of peculiarities in the political corruption fight in the Russian Federation and in Cyprus. That may help to take an account on their best practice to elaborate suggestions to improve the legal regulations and to avoid the legal gaps that may lead to political corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a democratic society the right to freedom of expression is never absolute. However, the setting of limits has always been a point of friction and discussion. The authorising bodies must examine each case set before them and decide whether it constitutes an attempt at unwarranted limitation or, in the opposite case, of misappropriation of that right. This also applies in the case of Journalistic Ethics Commissions, which, on the one hand, are called upon to defend the rights of media practitioners to free expression and, on the other, to protect society from messages with unethical content. In this paper the right of expression is juxtaposed to the need to avoid disseminating messages based on racist hate speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pedagogies for children's aspiration of Possibility Thinking (PT) have been investigated for over a decade in early year and primary settings. This study focuses on qualitative findings related to the involvement of teachers in inspiring PT amongst 9–10-year-old children using museums as part of their learning, in Cyprus. Eight educators participated in the study, and findings were compared to existing literature, providing a detailed exploration of how they engaged with their students for inspiring their PT. The analysis revealed that educators had three distinct stages of involvement in facilitating PT: creating the narrative (taking an active role), participating in the narrative (actively engaging), and supporting the narrative (taking a more passive role at times). These findings serve as a starting point for future research on pedagogies that foster PT using alternative learning resources like museums. This paper presents the key findings of the study and concludes with suggestions for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hellenic Studies / Etudes Helleniques is the property of Centre for Hellenic Studies & Research Canada-KEEK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines forms of nationalism and representations of national identity in Greek-Cypriot media coverage of peace negotiations related to Cyprus -- the Eastern Mediterranean island divided "ethnically" between Turkish-Cypriots in the north and Greek-Cypriots in the south since 1974. Building on existing theories of the media's role in the reproduction of nationalism, this study suggests that media representations of national identity should be addressed in both "routine" and "hot" periods so as to unpack their intersections. Divided Cyprus provides a unique case which furthers our understanding of the media's role in these processes. Focusing in particular on the Greek-Cypriot media, the paper presents the results of a qualitative study which support the argument that protracted negotiations can be differentiated between routine and crisis media events infused with discourses of nationalism. Specifically, we explore how negotiations function as routine and crisis media events in the "everyday". Second, we examine how televised presidential speeches related to the disputed solution discursively reproduce divided intra-community power relations and how national identities are used to this end. Third, we locate the representational boundaries of the national we constructed by the Greek-Cypriot press in a hot period -- the Annan Period -- during which referenda were conducted for the first time on a UN proposed plan subsequently rejected by the majority of Greek-Cypriots and accepted by the majority of Turkish-Cypriots. Through unit and data triangulation, we explore the various ways in which the media engage in the reproduction of national identities and forms of nationalism in the Greek-Cypriot community. We examine the media construction of national identities by critically unpacking hegemonic tropes -- in particular the Cyprocentrist-Hellenocentrist antagonism - used to explain Greek-Cypriot identity in Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]