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Ukraine and Türkiye are neighbouring countries with a long history of relations and partnership, extensive social communication, and mutual interest in regional and global stability. The trust between the two nations is significantly shaped by the increase in humanitarian contacts, which positively influences the development of political dialogue and bilateral cooperation in other areas. This research paper examines Turkish-Ukrainian relations in the humanitarian area between 1991 and 2021 from a historical perspective. The authors highlight key areas of cooperation, including education, culture, tourism, and social projects supporting Turkicspeaking national communities in Ukraine by the Turkish side, as well as the activities of Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar communities in Türkiye. Special attention is given to the Crimean Tatar factor in the humanitarian cooperation between Türkiye and Ukraine. The role of institutions such as the Yunus Emre Institute, the Turkish Agency for the Cooperation and Development (TIKA), and non-governmental organizations like the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people is considered, along with the contributions of academic representatives in implementing humanitarian policies. The research methodology is based on the study of primary and secondary sources. The authors employed a chronological approach and comparative analysis. The aim of the paper is to analyze the dynamics, intensity, and results of TurkishUkrainian relations in the humanitarian area, to determine the main directions of these relations and the forms of their realization, and to identify the most influential entities in the formation and implementation of bilateral cooperation. The imbalance in TurkishUkrainian cooperation in the humanitarian area was identified. Bilateral cooperation in education, culture, and the humanitarian support of Turkic-speaking national minorities is characterized by more significant activity from the Turkish side than the Ukrainian one, and this imbalance should be addressed. The Ukrainian side should be more proactive in developing cooperation tools and intensifying its efforts. The present investigation resulted in several recommendations for improving cooperation between Türkiye and Ukraine in the humanitarian area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to the analytical study of the geometric characteristics of a circular segment, in particular the moment of inertia relative to its central axis, which does not pass through the center of the circle. It is proved that the formula given in the literature for determining the studied characteristic is incorrect, therefore the purpose of the work is to determine the cause of the error and clarify this formula. The paper identified the cause and determined the member of the existing formula that led to the error. On the basis of the dependences between the moments of inertia during the parallel transfer of axes, a new formula was obtained for determining the moment of inertia of a circular segment relative to its central axis. It was established that at the maximum value of the central angle on which the segment rests, the proposed formula is identical to the formula for determining the moment of inertia of a semicircle relative to the corresponding axis available in the literature. Based on the proposed formula, calculations of the reduced moment of inertia at different values of the central angle were carried out. As a result, it was found that as the central angle increases, the moment of inertia increases, reaching its limit value, which corresponds to a semicircle. A graph of dependence is constructed, which is convenient to use to determine the value of the investigated moment of inertia when the central angle changes from ⁓ 20 to 180°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Pages is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Pages is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the research paper is to analyze Czech and Slovak historical sources on the Holodomor in Soviet Ukraine in 1932-1933. The research also examines Czech and Slovak historiography from the perspective of this issue to clarify the results of historians' work and to identify problems, specifics, and trends in the study of the topic. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, an analysis of potential primary sources of Czech and Slovak provenance for the study of the Ukrainian Holodomor is performed. Furthermore, Czechoslovak (socalled interwar) and Czech and Slovak historiography from the turn of the 20th -- 21st centuries have not yet been researched in terms of interpreting the nature and character of the Soviet Famine in the USSR in the early 1930's, with a particular focus on the Holodomor in Ukraine. In the former Czechoslovak area and after 1990, neither Czech nor Slovak historians utilized the potential of gathered material from the interwar period (archival, press, radio, travel notes, etc.). No monothematic monograph on the Soviet Famine or the Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932-1933 has been published. This problem is presented only in the form of chapters in general works on the history of Stalinism or Soviet history in general. There is practically no translated literature, mainly by Ukrainian authors. This situation is caused by the fact that in the second half of the 20th century in Czechoslovakia, and after 1990 in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia, no scientific school of Ukrainian studies was established. Currently, it is only beginning to develop. A recent trend is the effort to «revive» the work of the Czech historian and Sovietologist Jan Slavík, research materials of Czechoslovak press and diplomatic provenance, the publications of Czechoslovak intellectuals who visited or traveled in the USSR in the 1920's and 1930's, and the fate of the Volhynian Czechs in Soviet Ukraine during Stalinism. Czech and Slovak historians still have a lot of work to do in this area. At the same time, there is an obvious demand from the Czech and Slovak public for longhidden and distorted aspects of Ukrainian history, including the Holodomor and other Ukrainian themes of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory centrifuges are used in various industries. During operation, vibrations occur that lead to resonant frequencies, which in turn impair functionality. This paper presents an overview of the computational model of the HERMLE Z306 laboratory centrifuge used in medical laboratories to separate mixtures of different fractions to determine the dynamic characteristics. The zones of stable operation of the centrifuge and the influence of the rotation speed on the natural frequencies are analytically determined. Experimental results are presented with the influence of imbalances on the dynamic characteristics of the HERMLE Z306 centrifuge. As a result of the modeling, the amplitude-frequency characteristics are determined and a Campbell diagram is constructed. Modeling of dynamic processes in laboratory centrifuges by studying the influence of imbalances on the quality of mixture separation. Determination of zones of stable operation of the centrifuge. Construction of amplitude-frequency characteristics of the centrifuge, determination of zones of stable operation of the laboratory centrifuge during separation and Campbell diagram showing the dependence of natural frequencies on the rotation speed of the HERMLE Z306 centrifuge. This diagram makes it possible to determine the resonance zones. Based on the use of the Lagrange equation of the second kind, a model is obtained that makes it possible to determine the zones of stable operation of the centrifuge. Using experimental equipment, determine the frequency response of the centrifuge and analyze the Campbell diagram to determine the resonance zones. The zones of stable operation of a laboratory centrifuge were analytically determined. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the HERMLE Z306 centrifuge were constructed, the trajectories of the free end of the shaft were built taking into account the corresponding imbalances, and the resonance zones were experimentally determined. Experimental studies have shown that the free end of a laboratory centrifuge shaft moves along a surface whose shape and, accordingly, the path of movement depend on both the angles of rotation and translational movement that arise as a result of deformations of elastic supports. The analytical and experimental studies made it possible to identify unstable modes and thereby determine the areas of the centrifuge’s operating modes. The separation process will be stable if the roots of the equation have a negative real part, and moreover, the motion will be asymptotically stable in the presence of resistance forces. An experimental technique for determining the dynamic parameters of the centrifuge has been developed. On its basis, the effect of the rotation speed on the natural frequencies was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Cryptographic transformations have always aroused the interest of the educated part of humanity and are an integral part of modern communications. A lot of different cryptographic algorithms exist for different tasks and requirements. Permutation functions are useful for cases where transformation speed is more critical than theoretical secrecy. Hardware implementation of such substitutions is quite simple. Objective. Investigate the model and combinational circuits for hardware implementation. Investigate algorithms for permutation functions software implementation. Investigate attack algorithms and cracking of permutation functions for cryptanalysis. Methods. The paper reviews algorithms of cryptographic transformations and their cryptanalysis for bijective permutations implemented by means of regular combinational structures of linear complexity. The proposed algorithms provide the rate of processing up to gigabits per second. The paper clarifies the algorithm of formation of elements of regular structures of permutations, specifies volumes of public and private data, reviews data formats, methods of their transfer and hardware implementation of one of the methods. The paper reviews attack types and permutation regular structure schemes cracking algorithms with experimental calculation of necessary operations quantity. The software implementation of the proposed algorithms for results calculation was developed. Results. Numerical results of the number of keys, the amount of memory required for hardware implementation and the number of required operations for cryptanalysis were obtained. Conclusions. The results show that the proposed algorithms for cryptographic transformations have a sufficient level of protection with a high-speed encryption and decryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper elucidates the biography of Raisa Serhiivna Dankovska, a Ukrainian ethnographer, folklorist, and museologist. It provides an analytical assessment of her scientific contributions, particularly in the context of the historical and socio-political landscape of 1909 and the 1930's. The research highlights that Dankovska's work, especially her studies on ritual pastries, spanning from initial empirical investigations to comprehensive works, constitutes a significant yet underrecognized contribution to Ukrainian science. It also underscores the alignment of Dankovska's research on ritual bread with similar trends in European and domestic ethnography of the early 20th century, establishing a solid foundation for further exploration of the tradition of utilizing bread as a symbol of Ukrainian identity in contemporary cultural discourse. Integrating Dankovska's work into scholarly discourse not only aids in its dissemination but also offers fresh perspectives for analyzing contemporary cultural landscapes and preserving cultural memory. This paper commemorates the 135th anniversary of the birth of this distinguished Ukrainian scientist, celebrated in 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the objectives, implementation, and primary outcomes of the excise wine reform on the circulation of alcoholic beverages in Chernihiv, Poltava, and Kharkiv provinces in Left-Bank Ukraine during the second half of the 19th century. Drawing from a range of archival documents and scientific literature, this study is grounded in the principles of historicism and general science methodologies, including prosopographic and statistical analysis. The research reveals that the overarching guidance from the general imperial financial authorities was principally driven by fiscal motivations in orchestrating the reform. It substantiates the existence of obstacles engendered by the reform, impeding the introduction of an excise system for alcohol taxation in the aforementioned provinces, with a specific emphasis on the experiences in Kharkiv. Contrary to earlier suggestions, the analysis of regulatory frameworks and archival documents rectifies the claim that the imperial government leveraged the managerial acumen of financial officials during the reform's execution. The study underscores a mixed response from the populace towards the reform, delving into the perspectives of various societal groups based on primary historical sources and archival evidence. Particular focus is bestowed upon the experiential learnings from the reform in the domain of governmental regulation of alcohol. The paper examines the repercussions of inaugurating an excise system of taxation and the regulation of alcoholic production on the procedural and legal actions undertaken by financial authorities. It meticulously tracks the quantitative and qualitative growth metrics of distilleries in Kharkiv, Chernihiv, and Poltava provinces. Through an objective lens, the study corroborates a substantial aggregation of distilleries in Left-Bank Ukraine in the latter half of the 19th century, attributable to the Russian imperial government's excise wine reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technological preparation of production (TPV) is one of the key stages of the product life cycle (LPL) when designing and developing new aircraft engines. The TPV system foresees the use of the following instruments: CAD/CAM/CAE systems to ensure the implementation of the following operations: automated design, production and engineering calculations; Product Data Management systems (PDM) to ensure product data management; Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems for the corporate resource planning. Note that the instruments above are combined into PLM-systems to provide information support for the TPV system. The paper reviews the experience of designing and implementing the integrated TPV system at Motor Sich JSC for the purpose of manufacturing new aircraft engines. The author presents a structural diagram of the implemented integrated system containing a complex of interdependent subsystems along with a description of the system of automated design of process documents, which provides for the on-line design of production processes. The paper gives a description of subsystem of automated preparation of programs for CNC machine tools, which is designed to calculate the trajectory of the cutting tool when machining geometrically complex parts of aircraft engines. The paper specifies the subsystem of automated design of technological equipment, which is in compliance with requirements for modern tool production. The author underlines that the system of automated design of production equipment saw the following design subsystems reaching the highest level of development: subsystems for designing cutting and gear machining tools; subsystems for designing machine tools; subsystems for designing the monitoring and metering instrument; subsystems for designing foundry and stamping equipment; subsystems for designing control of gear cutting tools as per electronic standards. It is noted that the automated subsystems of analyzing production processes allow for performing the following analyses: analyzing metal casting processes; analyzing stamping processes; analyzing cutting processes; analyzing gear-cutting processes. The author provides the following results of implementing the integrated system of technological preparation of production at Motor Sich JSC: i) The TPV period was increased by 1.2–1.5 times, and ii) The efficiency of design and construction works was raised by 3–3.5 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, the author carried out an analysis of compound words in the Ukrainian language of the beginning of the 20th century. The research is based on three popular Russian-Ukrainian bilingual dictionaries published in the period from 1918 to 1933: Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary (1918) by Victor Dubrovskyi, Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary (1918) by Sergiy Ivanytskyi and Fedir Shumlyanskyi, and the academic Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary (1924-1933) edited by Agathangel Krymskyi and Sergiy Yefremov. A comprehensive study became possible due to uniquely built digital lexicographic systems and a noun database. They were created on the basis of the paper dictionaries listed above (digitized copies). All compound words were selected from the noun database, methods of their creation were studied, the main thematic groups were highlighted and described. Compound nominations, especially nouns, are quite common in the Ukrainian language of the beginning of the 20th century. Together, there are about six thousand of them in the three analyzed dictionaries. The majority of the recorded nouns was represented by lexemes spelled as one word. These nominations have been coined mainly by means of joining word stems (by composition). The minority of the discovered nouns was represented by hyphenated words. The origin of such nouns was mainly caused by compounding (juxtaposition). One of the dictionaries also recorded a small number of abbreviations. All compound nouns were combined into thematic groups. The most common thematic groups are: 1) names of people (which contains a number of subgroups); 2) names of plants; 3) names of animals; 4) names of devices, appliances, tools, etc.; 5) names of names of buildings, structures, institutions, premises, etc.; 6) and abstract concepts. The studied dictionaries recorded a significant amount of compound nouns of Ukrainian origin. Nevertheless, borrowed lexemes and names consisting of foreign-language components were also observed. Significant parts of the borrowed lexemes are international terms. Apart from the well- known names, lexicographic works of the beginning of the 20th century contain a significant amount of less-known, unknown, dialectal, and regional vocabulary. Russian-Ukrainian bilingual dictionaries of the post-revolutionary period are extremely important works which have not been studied sufficiently yet. The comparative analysis of vocabulary, semantics, grammar, etc. based on the material of these sources is a promising linguistic task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the publications of researchers from West European and North American countries that describe different aspects of the biography and creative heritage of Vasyl' Nazarovych Karazin (1773--1842). He was a prominent person in Ukrainian history at the end of the 18th -- the first half of the 19th centuries and was known for his contribution to education, and science, as well as for being an inventor and innovator. These and other aspects of V. N. Karazin's activity were extensively highlighted in Ukrainian and foreign historical literature in the period from the mid of 19th to the early 21st century. Ukrainian historiography regarding the figure of V. N. Karazin is relatively well-studied, whereas the set of foreign texts in which V. N. Karazin's life and activity were described, is highly under-researched within Ukrainian historical science. The authors of the given article made an attempt to fill in this gap in Ukrainian historical science. Articles, books, and encyclopedic papers that had been published from 1866 to 2019 in the United Kingdom, Canada, USA, Netherlands, Sweden, Czech Republic and were written by famous Slavists and historians of science and technique have become a source base for the given paper. The authors used both special-historical methods as well as a complex of general scientific approaches, in particular, the analysis of the visual content. The authors demonstrated that the foreign publications described all the key aspects of V. N. Karazin's biography, such as his role in reforming the University education system in the Russian Empire, his foreign policy proposals, and his activity as a scientist. It is noted that the authors of all these materials thoroughly described all the aspects of V. N. Karazin's professional life. The authors of these texts admitted the immense contribution of V. N. Karazin as a founder of one of the oldest Ukrainian Universities in Kharkiv, and as one of the forerunners of a Pan-Slavic idea in the Russian Empire, as well as a scholar who enriched meteorology and chemistry with new ideas and inventions. The authors of this paper conclude that V. N. Karazin's works were appreciated by reputable representatives of the largest intellectual centers. This enables claiming that the figure of V. N. Karazin gained worldwide recognition not only in Ukraine but abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Pages is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Requirement towards the enhancement of the results of technological operations of laser processing, their transformation into precise technological operations is solved, in general, by the choice of optimal technological schemes of laser processing and characteristics of a tool that is formed from laser beam characteristics. The main goal of these attempts is to minimize portions of energy that destroys and removes the material from the cavity of element being formed utilizing ultra-short pulses of electro-magnetic energy with high intensity that can bring balance to the instability of technological process, manage it outcome and maintain the quality of processing. On the other hand, it leads to a decrease in the efficiency of technological operations of laser processing. For example, linear speed of laser cutting of stent with nanosecond pulses are used is within the range of 25 to 30 millimeters per minute, whereas in the case of microsecond pulses - the processing speed can reach up to 250 mm/min and slight striation of side surface of the cutting kerf could be eliminated by means of post processing. Since the process of material destruction at laser beam processing is of a thermal nature in terms of heat dissipation and its propagation into the body of the work piece (especially the metal one), it is possible to control and modify the absorption of radiation by the surface of the work piece, the spatial shape of the heat source and thermal an physical properties of the work piece. This paper discusses perspective solutions for the successful engineering of laser beam irradiation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous papers have been written about the history of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 both in Hungary and beyond its borders in the past decades. The archival documents of Ukraine and the former Soviet Union are under research too. Numerous data prove that the actions aiming to crush the War of Independence were directly governed from Transcarpathia. Archival data also confirm the reminiscence of the Transcarpathian Hungarian witnesses, according to which the Soviet military and political centre was set up in Uzhgorod, from where the defeat of the Hungarian Revolution was directed. The reminiscence of the Soviet soldiers reveals that the first military corps crossed the border with the purpose of crushing the revolution on October 24. Since travelling became impossible due to the strictly closed borders after the Second World War, people living in the Soviet Union could not keep in touch with Hungary. The postal connections were severely controlled. The Soviet authorities permitted the inhabitants to order only a couple of foreign publications, in few copies. Even the Hungarian Communist Party-press could be ordered and read only by few people. The majority of the population was informed about the local and foreign world and events mainly by the Soviet press, which was the mouthpiece of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Getting a relatively realistic picture about the outside world was only possible through foreign radio broadcasting. The Hungarian people mainly listened to Kossuth Radio, but some people could reach western broadcasts and listened to the Free Europe Radio, for instance. These sources of news were available during the revolution too. After the revolution was suppressed, the Transcarpathian newspapers celebrated the «victory over the counter-revolution» and judged its participants (the «horthysts», the «fascists» — as they called them). Only rejective writings were published; articles with the slightest sign of sympathy could be published neither in the central nor in the local papers. The importance of the press is confirmed by everyday experience, numerous studies and scientific reports. Its public opinion-forming power is particularly significant. Analysis of the press is necessary to understand the conditions of an age. To understand the essence of the 1956 Revolution, it is crucial and vital to study the contemporary press. The events of the 1956 Revolution in Hungary received a great response in the local papers. Even after 64 years, the articles that appeared in the Transcarpathian newspapers during the ‘56 Revolution are extremely telling. It is obvious how the Soviet authorities wanted to influence the opinion of Transcarpathian inhabitants about the Revolution. From October 25, in the papers, the following questions arise almost every day: what caused, triggered the revolution, what actually happened in October? In local press sometimes 3–4 articles deal with the Revolutionary actions from the Soviet point of view. This article is press study research on the 1956 Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the systematization of approaches to studying the notions idiolect and idiostyle undertaken by Ukrainian and foreign researchers; the characteristic features of these terms and the criteria for their differentiation are also clarified. The selected material was traced through by applying descriptive and context-interpretation methods, which were supplemented by involving the analysis of psychological resources. The author gives an analysis of the definitions cited from reputable sources as dictionaries and encyclopedias as well as various papers and dissertation theses. It is proved that even in the most authoritative publications, the terms idiolect and idiostyle are identified. The basic reasons calling on the identification of the terms are defined, while the main distinctions as to their interpretation and parallel term applications are demonstrated as well. The social nature and the linguistic character of the idiolect are analyzed, so far it is stated that for the purpose of characterizing the idiolect of the linguistic personality, the attention is to be drawn to the set of linguistic factors intrinsic to the speech of individuals, while the description of idiostyle is based on the system of semantic correlations, subjective reflections, manner of modelling the artistic world and ornamentalistics, as they are incarnated by linguistic devices. It is pointed out that idiostyle has a broader range of application than idiolect. The author favours the viewpoint of the linguists who interpret idiolect as a component of idiostyle (e.g. Lesia Stavytska, Svitlana Yermolenko, Viktor Hryhoriev, and Pavlo Hrytsenko). Linguocultural, sociolin- guistic, stylistic, and linguocognitive approaches are singled out, since they are used for a multi-faceted interpretation of idiolect, while semantic-stylistic, linguopoetical, systemic-structural, communicative-functional, and cognitive aspects as productive elements are applied for the study of idiostyle. The attention is drawn to the fact that the psycholinguistic aspect of studying idiolect and idiostyle is still not thoroughly elaborated on. The author gives her own definition of idiolect with reference to the psycho- linguistic theory. The parameters of idiostyle within the psycholinguistic sphere are detailed: in particular, 1) the emotional characteristics of the text, 2) the positioning of the author within the text content, 3) the dominating emotional-semantic elements, 4) the value-based psychological guidelines of the individuals, and 5) the devices of impact on the recipients. It is considered that in the future, it is necessary to elaborate more deeply on the analyzed phenomena by applying the theory of linguistic personality and the theory of psychological parameters of text analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mykhailo Mykhailovych Diachenko (1882--1943) was a prominent Ukrainian cultural figure known for his work as an artist, illustrator, teacher, librarian, and researcher of ornaments and architecture during the period of 1908--1941. Despite his significant contributions, his life and artistic legacy remained relatively obscure among scholars until recently. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed account of M. M. Diachenko's biography and accomplishments, drawing from a wealth of archival documents. The research methodology employs historicalgenetic, systemic, and social/cultural approaches, along with a comparative method. The study's scientific novelty lies in its pioneering effort to systematically analyze a substantial body of manuscript and published documentary sources, sourced from Ukrainian archives and libraries. These sources offer valuable insights into the life and creative journey of M. M. Diachenko, enabling the reconstruction of his most comprehensive biography to date. M. M. Diachenko's biographical and creative legacy encompasses a substantial collection of manuscripts and several published works, including three books, one magazine, and a series of art postcards featuring his illustrations and publications. Detailed insights into his life, creative pursuits, and scholarly achievements have been gleaned from various archival institutions and libraries. Born into a peasant family and orphaned at a young age, Mykhailo Mykhailovych received a thorough primary education at the Kyiv Real School. He embarked on a higher engineering degree at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute but was unable to complete his studies due to financial constraints. Throughout his life, Mykhailo Mykhailovych lacked a permanent residence, residing and working in various locations, including Starokostiantyniv, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Dihtiari, Poltava, Krolevets (Ukraine), and the village of Vozdvyzhenka in the Ponomarevsky District of the Chkalovsk region (RSFSR). His professional roles were primarily centered around specialized art and craft education, where he taught subjects related to drawing and painting in secondary schools. He held positions at institutions such as the Kamianets-Podilskyi Art School, Digtiari Weaving Vocational School, and Krolevets Art and Industrial College. Following his fine arts studies in Kamianets-Podilskyi under the guidance of Viacheslav Rozvadovskyi, he dedicated a significant portion of his life to painting, notably creating illustrations for children's books and the works of Taras Shevchenko. Another pivotal aspect of Mykhailo Diachenko's work, initially pursued as a passion and later as a freelance endeavor at the Cherkasy Regional Museum, was the study and adaptation of folk ornaments for industrial production. He conducted research on rural, urban, and palace architecture in the Chernivtsi, Cherkasy, and Chernihiv regions, as well as pottery from Cherkasy and Kirovohrad regions, and folklore from the Cherkasy region. The results of his studies, preserved in archival institutions and published works, underscore the significant contributions of Mykhailo Mykhailovych to Ukrainian humanities. However, it's worth noting that manuscripts for two unpublished books by Mykhailo Diachenko, a report on the Zlatopil Synagogue study, drawings of Cherkasy architecture, and several articles published in various sources remain undiscovered. The search for and analysis of these materials represent potential avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of KPI Science News is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KPI Science News is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the study of the influence of the process of magneto-abrasive machining (MAM) on the characteristics of the surface layers of flat surfaces of parts made of ferromagnetic material U9 by machining with end-type heads based on high-power permanent magnets that form a magneto-abrasive tool of the “brush” type. For estimation of the influence of the process of magneto-abrasive machining on the surface layer, the parameters of surface hardness were analyzed after the machining of test samples with different powders and under different modes. The degree of influence of the MAM on the surface, both in terms of the hardness of the surface layer and the deformation of samples due to compressive residual stresses arising as a result of machining, was studied. The estimation of the state of the surface layer was performed by the change in hardness after machining, the magnitude of the degree of hardening, to some extent, by the parameters of roughness. The control of changes in internal residual stresses formed in the surface layers of samples due to the interaction of powder particles with the surface during machining was carried out according to the degree of their deformation after MAM. It was found that due to MAM, internal compressive stresses of 30–100 MPa arise in the near-surface layer of the material of the samples, while the magnitude of the stresses varied in inverse dependency, that is, with an increase in the working gap, in the vast majority of cases, a decrease in the magnitude of the stresses was observed. It was shown that the depth of the hardened layer under different machining conditions is up to 200 µm or more, and the strengthening coefficient varies from 10 to 40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the professional literature and reference books, one can find the statement that W. Churchill was the biggest confronter of women’s emancipation quite often. However, while trying to find confirmation, it becomes obvious that this statement is biased, because the politician’s position regarding the problem has been constantly evolving. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to find out W. Churchillʼs real attitude to women’s enfranchisement, as well as the impact of his political activities on the implementation of this legislative innovation in Great Britain. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and interdisciplinarity. In the course of the research, the general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization) and specially-historical (critical analysis of sources, retrospective, historical-comparative) methods were applied, as well as gender approach. The article covers the evolution of Winston Churchill’s views on British women’s enfranchisement. The attention is focused on the relationship between the politician and activists of the radical wing of the suffrage movement and its links with Churchill’s position on women’s suffrage. Among other things, the events in the Free Trade Hall (1905), a cause for the confrontation between Churchill and the suffragette D. Molony, the events in Bristol (November 1909), the course of events on the so-called «Black Friday» and the «Battle of Downing Street» (November 1910), relations with pacifists during the First World War were analyzed and discussed. His position during the voting for the «Representation of the People Act» (1918) and the «Representation of the People Act (Equal Franchise) » (1928) was clarified. In addition, the in-depth analysis of the activities of the politician while holding public office (in particular, the Minister of Labor, the Minister of Internal Affairs, and the First Lord of the Admiralty) was carried out in the context of the women’s movement. Based on the analysis of the sources and literature, the authors of this paper conclude that W. Churchill was involved in difficult relationships with radical representatives of the suffrage movement, and the politician often was a target in their provocative campaigns because of his inconsistent position regarding women’s enfranchisement and attempts to manipulate the subject depending on the situation. Generally, it can be stated that Churchill was rather sceptical about the women’s suffrage. He did not reject the idea completely, but he really supported only a very limited change that affected a small number of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper comprehensively analyzes the historiography of the formation and development of the relations between Ukraine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) during 1991--2020. The authors of the article explored a set of texts devoted to the subject of Ukraine -- NATO relations and provided their historiographic analysis. The aim of the article is to identify the main trends and tendencies in the interpretation of the achievements of Ukraine-NATO cooperation. Also, this article elucidates the main aspects of the evolution of the historical discourse of Ukraine--NATO relations, characterizes their content and tendencies of progressive development, and pays special attention to the conceptual analysis of the contribution of individual scientists and institutions to the development of knowledge about Ukraine -- NATO relations. The authors offer the original approach to the periodization of the development of the historiographical process and as well as provide a detailed description of each stage. The authors rely on the scientific principles of historicism and objectivity, general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction) and special-historical (historical-chronological, historical-comparative, retrospective, systematic structural, historical-typological, etc.) methods. The contribution of researchers to the study of the historical preconditions for the formation of the contact between Ukraine and NATO in their political, military- technical, economic, and humanitarian aspects, as well as normative-legal and organizational-institutional principles of the cooperation, are identified and comprehensively analyzed. The authors identified the areas that require further scientific research and pointed out the prospects for further investigation on various aspects of Ukraine -- NATO relations in order to ensure the integration of our country into the North Atlantic Alliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to study the memory of past events based on the use of oral history as a source and a method of research. The use of oral testimonies enables tracing the changes that have taken place in the worldview of a person who has suffered a trauma. The given research is based on biographical interviews with witnesses of the Holocaust, Chornobyl, and Fukushima disasters. What exactly do the witnesses of these events remember? What do they focus on in their interviews? What experiences remain the most painful? Does the type of injury, and the nature of the injury affect a person's future life? These and other questions can be answered not by official papers, orders, resolutions, reports, and appeals, but by the stories of direct witnesses and participants in the events that were at the epicenter of the catastrophe. Oral history, as a scientific discipline that focuses on one's own method of interview research, is designed to capture and reproduce the past based on the subjective knowledge of the person testifying. Biographical interviews do not claim to be the whole truth or a comprehensive reconstruction of events, they give these events a new sound, giving voice to more actors, detailing the past with the testimony of an individual, showing his own way of understanding the experience. The authors used general methods of historical research such as typological, structural, and functional, as well as analysis and synthesis. These methods allowed the authors to analyze the collected interviews, and published narratives and reveal the features of each story. The authors concluded that people who lived through extreme situations that traumatized them have experienced a dramatic change in their worldview, dividing their life into «before» and «after». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a microhistorical study of official documents belonging to Kyivan Hryhoriy M. Slovachevskyi (1890-1942) that have been preserved in a family archive. Hryhoriy was a socially active individual with a higher education and connections with various social categories, having access to secondary education in theological schools due to his clergy origin and extensive family ties in church circles. He played a role in the formation of local self-government and in the development of Ukrainian economics, financial, and statistical institutions through his studies at the Kyiv Commercial Institute and professional activities. While living and working in the countryside in the early 1920's, Hryhoriy was also involved in the development of education in rural areas. Most of the analyzed documents were produced during the rapid socio-political changes of 1917-1927. This set of personal documents, therefore, serves as a representative source for the study of social history in Ukraine during the liberation struggle of the early 20th century from a microhistorical and anthropological perspective. The analysis of these official documents of an «average» Kyivan in the context of the time period provides a deeper understanding of everyday life in Kyiv and its region during the Ukrainian Revolution and the early years of Soviet rule, humanizing the history of that period. The scrutiny of the language, spelling, dates, seals, signs, issuing institutions, and paper of the documents reveals how political transformations were reflected in personal documents. By examining strategies of survival, resistance, and personal status under various political and ideological formations, and by reflecting the impact of «great events» at the personal level, the study sheds light on the depth of each changing power's penetration into Ukrainian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the proven clear relationship between the fatigue resistance of a number of structural materials and the processes occurring in their thin surface layers. The fatigue studies of the samples were carried out over a wide range of temperatures and amplitudes of cyclic stresses under uniaxial tension-compression with simultaneous microhardness measurement of the thickness of the hardened surface layer. On the basis of experimental studies of the fatigue of metallic structural materials, using the microhardness method, the regularities of hardening (softening) of their surface layer are established depending on the level of the amplitude of high-cycle loading and temperature. A method for the accelerated determination of the fatigue limit of structural materials based on the determination of microhardness during cyclic loading has been developed and tested. The dependence of the formed hardened film of the surface layer on the level of plasticity of the material has been established - the greater its plasticity, the thicker the resulting hardened film. With an increase in the amplitude of cyclic loading, the thickness of the hardened surface layer decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the study of bibliographic indexes the access to which was prohibited for the general public in Ukraine during 1970-1980's. The author makes an attempt to classify such bibliographical works. The methodology is based on historical and comparative methods together with the sources analysis method. Typological as well as historical and chronological methods alongside with grouping and systematic analysis of the publications have been used. Scientific novelty and originality lie in the fact that the bibliographic indexes as objects of political censorship were studied comprehensively for the first time and introduced for scientific use. The author concludes that during the period of 1970-1980's in Ukraine was marked by launching a broad campaign against «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism » and introduction of political censorship of printed materials. The authorities considered public funds as ideologically inappropriate and socially dangerous, therefore the functions of public funds were transferred to the special funds. The introduction of political ban on bibliographic indexes in the late 1960's and early 1970's reflected the ideological pressure. The books of dissidents, representatives of the «executed revival», the Ukrainian diaspora were subjected to party criticism, political censorship and excluded from the main funds of libraries and bookstores. It was forbidden to mention them in bibliographical editions. The process of removing secrecy from special funds and consequently disbanding them followed by transferring the banned books to the general funds and making them available to public began in the late 1980's. However, important bibliographic works that were completed for publication, but were not published, are still little known and inaccessible to readers. It is necessary not only to create a register of such bibliographic indexes, but also to find their manuscripts and introduce them into scientific use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss the role of tank units, formations in combat during the German-Soviet war. The paper investigates the employment of the armored and mechanized forces during the Red Army's Kyiv strategic offensive operation. In late September, troops of the Voronezh Front captured bridgeheads on the right bank of the Dnipro towards the north and south in vicinity of Kyiv striving to liberate the city. The epic assault was inflicted from the Bukryn bridgehead, additionally, the supportive one came from the Luityzh. On October 24, due to the order of the High Command, the main efforts of the front were shifted to the Luityzh bridgehead. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the authors provide the comprehensive coverage pertaining to the role of mobile troops during the preparation and accomplishment stages of the operation. The objective of the study is to explore the combat employment of the armored and mechanized troops during the Kyiv strategic offensive operation of the Voronezh (1st Ukrainian Front) Red Army, the impact on the course of actions to seize bridgeheads while overcoming water obstacles. To achieve the purpose of the study, scientific methods were applied to the study of military history. The authors conclude that the success of the armored and mechanized forces operation during the offensive can be explained by the effective crossing a wide water obstacle as well as by the thorough elaboration of combat actions in night period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Bright galvanic nickel coatings, with high sulphur content, are less corrosion resistant than matte. Bright nickel coatings are particularly susceptible to corrosion damage in conditions that simulate tropical humid climates and are characterized by the presence of acetic acid vapours. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to investigate: corrosion resistance of galvanic nickel deposits in concentrated acetic acid and its vapours, electrochemical activity of sulphide-containing corrosion products of bright nickel coatings. Methods. Potentiodynamic and cyclic volt-amperometry have been used to study the electrochemical activity of galvanic nickel deposits and their corrosion products. The corrosion rate of galvanic nickel deposits has been determined by gravimetric method. Investigation of surface morphology and composition of galvanic deposits were performed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Results. The increased electrochemical activity of sulphide corrosion products of bright nickel coatings is evidenced by an order of magnitude higher cathodic current densities of CVA curves obtained in acetate buffer solutions, in comparison with bright and matte nickel galvanic deposits. It has been shown that at the deposition of sulphide corrosion products of bright nickel coatings on matte nickel foil the corrosion rate of last one increase at the exposition in concentrated acetic acid and its vapours. Conclusions. Significant intensifying effect of sulphur on the corrosion of galvanic nickel deposits in concentrated acetic acid and its vapours has been established. In particular, this can be explained by the decomposition of nickel sulphide (which incorporates in the coating) in acetic acid. Sulphur in the oxidation state (−2) interacts with passive oxide coatings to form an adsorbed monolayer, which leads to the transition of nickel to the active state. Further research will focus on a deeper study of the electrochemical properties of corrosion products of bright nickel coatings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Football is a huge industry comparable to traditional economic sectors. In numerical terms, it is tens of billions of dollars. But one of the most important problems that this industry faces is match fixing (matches with a fixed result). The most effective way to prevent this threat is a multilateral approach combined with measures aimed at expanding the potential of law enforcement agencies and sports organizations. One of the components of this approach is the use of mathematical methods for identifying suspicious match-fixing results. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to develop an algorithm for modelling fixed matches related to earnings on bets, which is used to form matches which results are different from the expected ones and can be considered as anomalous. Methods. Calculation of probabilities of scoring goals by teams during the game based on real data of the season; development of a simulation model of a football season without fixed matches and its analysis by means of statistical modelling; development of an algorithm for modelling fixed matches related to earnings on bets and its analysis. Results. A simulation model of a football season has been developed, which allows, using probability distributions of the number of goals scored by teams during home or away games obtained on real data, simulating the results of matches, taking into account the strength of the teams and the game type, as well as to simulate the situations of a “fixed” match, replacing the current results. In terms of the overall distributions of match result types and goal differences of all matches, the simulated season is similar to the real season. According to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the difference between the given distributions at the significance level of 0.001 is statistically insignificant. Conclusions. The developed simulation model of a football season can be used to study the effectiveness of methods for detecting fixed matches and their comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems. Rapid technical progress has led to a reduction in the useful life of consumer electronics. The introduction of green, flexible, biodegradable electronic devices will prevent an environmental catastrophe. Recently, the use of organic materials instead of inorganic analogues has become increasingly popular, which makes it possible to move from rigid solid-state sensors for multiple use that require disposal to flexible, disposable sensors that are suitable for human wear on the body or clothing and for spontaneous decomposition in nature after using. One of such promising organic materials is nanocellulose. The aim of the study. Studying the possibility of nanocellulose application for the manufacture of flexible, wearable, disposable sensors of various types of physical and chemical quantities. Methodology of implementation. In the article the analysis, classification and comparision of various technologies and features of synthesis, as well as the main characteristics of flexible sensors made on the basis of nanocellulose were fulfilled. Also the main parameters of flexible sensors based on nanocellulose were being compared with corresponding analogs of sensors based on artificial polymers. Research results. The paper established the physical and technological features of using nanocellulose for the manufacture of sensors of various types of physical and chemical quantities in order to improve their performance. It has been established that nanocellulose can be used both as a substrate and as a sensitive element of a sensor. It has also been shown that nanocellulose is suitable for use in sensors based on both electrical physical phenomena and optical effects. Conclusions. Nanocellulose is a promising biodegradable material on the basis of which flexible, disposable, wearable sensors can be created. The manufacturing technology of such sensors should contain only low-temperature and dry processing processes. For effective use in certain types of sensors, it is advisable to manufacture nanocellulose with a modified surface or in the form of composites with other nanomaterials. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to improve existing and develop new methods of creating flexible wearable disposable sensors that do not require disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems: The article considers the study of the influence of cavitation phenomena in hydrodynamically active areas of mountain rivers on the processes of natural self-purification of water. The paper considers the experimental results of determining the change in seasonal indicators of the hydrochemical composition of surface waters in the Stryi river basin. Objective: to determine the impact of hydrodynamically active areas (HAA) of mountain rivers on the processes of natural self-purification and to develop methods of laboratory modeling of these areas to determine the hydrochemical parameters of river waters. Methods of implementation: Research of ecological and hydrochemical factors of chemical composition of natural waters of the Stryi river basin combines basin and landscape-geochemical approaches, which allows to integrate various natural and anthropogenic influences, to identify the most important parameters for their detailed analysis. The combination of these approaches made it possible to improve the method of ecological analysis of the area of the Stryi river basin, which allows to spatially differentiate and hydrochemically integrate the factors of formation of the chemical composition of natural waters. Results: It is stated that microbiological safety of water is a special problem, because even water from underground sources may contain single cells of pathogenic microorganisms, but the main threat is water re-contaminated with microbes in case of leaks in the water supply network. Conclusions: Analysis of the results of studies of the impact of self-cleaning processes in the river Stryi on the quality of water intake in Stryi showed that there are currently no negative effects of river waters of the river Stryi on groundwater deposits. The quality of river water is satisfactory for its use in domestic and drinking water supply and for recreational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive spread of automated and robotic systems in the construction industry poses a number of problematic and unsolved problems related to the efficiency and reliability of their use, namely: reducing dynamic loads in the structural elements of robots and manipulators, reducing energy costs to perform a given process by a robotic system. Particular attention is paid to the quality of control, in particular, in a limited working space when moving working bodies with hydraulically actuated manipulators, which are dominant in construction. Problems: For welding of metal structures or when laying building elements using handling systems, the technology for performing such work involves the use of the tasks of moving special working bodies along parabolic trajectories. To implement the tasks set by manipulators, it is necessary to determine the control laws for the drive system. One of the ways to find the necessary functions for the control system is the use of optimization problems according to energy criteria and imposed geometric restrictions. Purpose: to develop and investigate the modes of movement of the drive mechanism of a hydraulic manipulator with the implementation of an energy-intensive mode of operation of a mechanical system in a given space of movement of the working body along a hyperbolic trajectory. Methodology: To achieve the goals of the study, it is proposed to use the optimization problem of minimizing energy consumption in the boom system of a two-link manipulator on a given parabolic trajectory of movement of its working body in a limited working space. In this paper, we consider the problem of conditional optimization, where the restrictions of the working space are imposed by the conditions of movement of the working body and the limiting restrictions on the movement of actuators. The objective optimization function is formed in the form of Lagrange equations from the components of energy consumption and the equation of a parabola that specifies the movement of the manipulator grip. Results: To implement the optimal control of a two-link manipulator on a given parabolic trajectory, it is necessary to determine the extremals of the objective function functional in the form of the Lagrange equation for the components, which in this study were convolutions from the dependencies of energy consumption and the given equation for the trajectory of movement of the working body. The search for the minimum of the objective function is obtained in numerical form, based on which the form of the polynomial of the analytical dependence of the generalized coordinates on time is determined. Conclusions: In further research, it is desirable to consider criteria that take into account various force loads, in particular, the rootmean- square value of the drive force and the intensity of its change over time, and it is also necessary to develop polynomial functions that can be used to express numerical solutions to optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper is devoted to secret activities of the Italian revolutionaries who fled to the USSR in 1921–1925 and united in Odessa as the «Group of Italian Political Emigrants» and the local cell of the «International Organization for the Support of Revolutionary Fighters» (MODR). The Soviet intelligence service and the Comintern, counting on the revolutionary potential of the Italians in the «red years» (1919–1920), considered Italy to be the stronghold of the world revolution. The leaders for that revolution were trained not only in Moscow, but also in Odessa. A group of Italians who had fled from the persecution of the fascists lived in the latter city. This groups of former members of the Communist Party of Italy, the «left wing» of the Italian Socialist Party and anarchist federations was forced to cooperate with the Comintern, the MODR, the State Political Authority (DPU) and other Soviet institutions. Based on a tragic examples of eight Italians who lived in Odessa during the 1920s, the paper describes the methods of Soviet intelligence for establishing the net of agents in West European countries, surveillance of «suspicious» foreigners and the spying for Italian consulate in Odessa. Italian political emigrants were used for recruitment. This was considered a sort of «communist treatment» for Italian sailors from commercial cargos in the port of Odessa, viewed as potential agents of the «world revolution». This recruitment was performed under the banners of «The International Sailor Club» (or «The Karl Marx Club for Foreign Sailors»), or the «International Union of Sailors and Dockers». In 1923–1924, agitated Italian political emigrants on behalf of those organizations. However, in 1924 they were arrested and imprisoned for one year. After release they were suspected of «counter-revolutionary sentiments» and contacts with the anarchist underground in Odessa and Dnepropetrovsk. In 1928, E. Gherbovaz and D. Serpo were again arrested in Odessa on a fabricated charge of espionage — disclosure of intelligence on recruitment of Italian sailors to the Italian consul. Subsequently they spent many years in camps. In 1927, another Italian political emigrant Miro Avlich was arrested for spying for the Italian consul in Odessa. During 1922–1925 he worked on Soviet commercial ships and «on a part-time basis» reported to the DPU. Italian political emigrants, brothers Antonio and Amadeo Buticchi, also cooperated with the DPU. They started working in «the contraband detection». In 1925 Antonio became a «secret agent» and was sent to Sverdlovsk. Later in Odessa, he spied after the Italian consulate. Amadeo Buticchi, «with the permission of Moscow», returned to Italy. He officially deported from the USSR to conceal his cooperation with the DPU. In 1923, anarchist political emigrants G. Bucciarelli, L. Evangelisti, R. Cavani arrived at Odessa. In 1927, L. Evangelisti and R. Cavani managed to illegally escape the USSR, as it was claimed by the DPU, with the help of West European sailors, and possibly with the support of the DPU itself. R. Cavani returned to Italy and twice attempted to kill dictator B. Mussolini. He took part in organizing a revolution in Spain. In 1936–1938 R. Cavani and L. Evangelisti fought in the Spanish Republican Army. G. Bucciarelli was arrested in 1933 «for anarchist propaganda» and in 1937 «for counter-revolutionary activity». Thus, the Italian political emigrants in the USSR became political hostages, many of them as agents of the Comintern’s «world revolution» and the DPU. In the 1930s their fate was mostly tragic — they were sent to GULAG camps or sentenced to death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most important discussions at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference was the Russian question, which was addressed in several interconnected aspects. The most important of them was winning states’ policy choice towards Russian Bolshevik government. Soviet historians argued that the hostile attitude of Western nations to Bolsheviks was their only policy possible, aimed at overthrowing Lenin’s government and destroying Bolshevik’s power. Those arguments have not been reconsidered by Ukrainian scholars yet. According to our hypothesis, in early 1919, it was possible to reach an agreement between the Allied and Associated Powers, on the one hand, and the Russian Bolshevik government, on the other. Namely, due to Prinkipo proposal, promoted by British and American governments. Though French and Italian governments had different views on Bolsheviks, they did not oppose the proposal. In January-February 1919 they actually sought to elaborate and pursue a joint policy towards Russia. This paper explores the Great Powers’ policy towards Russia at the beginning of the Paris Peace Conference to test our hypothesis. The methodology is based on a detailed study of historical sources (proceedings of the Council of Ten and the Supreme War Council, diplomatic correspondence, speeches and works of Powers’ leaders and diplomats) to describe discussions of Russian question at the beginning of the Conference, in January-February 1919. The author reconstructs Entente’s and the U.S. leaders’ point of view, to reveal their motives and arguments, and to explain their decisions. The paper argues that the agreement failed not because of Great Powers’ anti-Bolshevik stance and the refusal of other Russian and national parties to participate in the Prinkipo conference, but because of the Bolshevik government’s policies. It failed to comply with the only condition for participating in the conference, namely, ceasefire. Instead, Red Army led massive attacks at the fronts and expanded the Bolshevik rule to new territories, including Ukraine. Besides, the Soviet government did not stop the revolutionary propaganda and used its peaceful proposals addressed to Principal Powers for the purposes of world revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. Energy resource is one of the main components of a successful country. The possibility of using environmentally clean and affordable renewable energy and creating systems for taking solar radiation is a priority in ensuring the economic energy independence of the state. At present, there are a variety of solar systems according to the technical solution and their use: thermo- and photovoltaic, systems with metal absorbers, solar stations for industrial or private electricity generation, for hot water supply, heating, air conditioning, and other technological needs. But questions about effective insolation and the choice of materials for these systems remain open. Therefore, the development of efficient solar collectors (SC) with a rational choice of their geometric and thermophysical parameters is absolutely relevant. Objective. The purpose if the paper is to explore and develop efficient devices with maximum absorber throughput and minimization of heat loss. Methods. Analysis of developments of solar collectors by their shape and technical characteristics. Results. According to the review, new developments of solar collectors are marked by the originality and novelty of the technical solution. Corrugated pipe, cellular polycarbonate, activated carbon, a tangle of heat-conducting wire are used as the absorber material, and the additional heat-accumulating coating – a solution of Glauber’s salt is applied. The inventions can be used in heating and hot water supply systems, indoor air heating, and in equipment that converts electromagnetic radiation from the sun into thermal energy for heating liquid coolants, as well as into electrical energy. For the maximum power of the collector, a receiving surface with a coating of high solar energy capacity is used and thermal insulation is additionally installed to minimize heat loss. The authors of the article developed and patented a fundamentally new geometric spherical SC. Conclusions. The creation of new and improvement of existing SC ensures energy independence both in the private sector and nationwide, as well as to take care of the environment. The spherical shape allows you to use it effectively during the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Currently, in the cycles of steam-ejector refrigeration machines (SERM) are used monoagent jet compressors, the working body in which is water. Despite their low efficiency, SERM have a number of advantages over refrigeration machines that use mechanical compressors: low cost, ease of manufacture and reliability. The use of SERM is largely limited by the inability of these installations to reach temperatures below 0 °C. This limitation can be overcome by applying a fundamentally new steam compression cycle using a bioagent (water-freon) jet compressor (BAJC). Objective. The purpose of the paper is experimentally confirm the operability of a refrigeration machine operating on a steam compression cycle using a bioagent (water-freon) jet compressor. Determine the efficiency of the experimental refrigeration machine and find the optimal geometric characteristics of the jet compressor. Methods. An experimental stand was created to study the refrigeration plant using BAJC. The refrigeration machine efficiency e was determined according to the developed method. Results. Experimental values of the cooling machine coefficient e were obtained depending on the change in the ejection coefficient q of BAJC. The maximum machine coefficient values εmax= 1,3 ÷ 1,4 correspond to those of the ejection coefficient qопт ≈ 0,25, which 0,25 also achieves the maximum efficiency η max ≈ 0,35 ÷ 0,45 of the BAJC. Conclusions. The efficiency of a refrigeration unit operating on a steam compression cycle using a bioagent (water-freon) jet compressor has been experimentally confirmed. To expand the temperature spectrum of the cycle in the direction of lowering the boiling points in the evaporator tboil ≤ −20 °C), it is planned to modernise the laboratory bench by using aqueous salt solutions as a coolant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. One of the problems in the production of powder structural materials based on iron alloyed with a small amount of alloying elements (0.5 - 5.0 wt.%) is obtaining a homogeneous alloy in the final material. The distribution uniformity of the alloying elements largely determines the final properties of the material. The use of a mixture of powders constituting the alloy to obtain such alloys, in many cases, does not solve the problem of obtaining homogeneous alloys. Promising in this respect is the use of alloy powders containing alloying elements as sources of alloying elements. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to study the formation regularities of the material’s structure and properties based on iron alloys obtained using self-fluxing alloys (SFA) as a source of alloying elements. Methods. To solve the problem posed in the work, the methods of mixing-grinding in planetary mills, the study of the processes of wetting with SFA iron melts and the interaction between them by the method of a lying drop, scanning microscopy for studying the structure of materials and the distribution of elements in them, measuring mechanical properties (hardness) were used. Results. The principles of determining the optimal conditions for obtaining materials - grinding-mixing time (4 min.), compacting pressure of the original workpieces (600 MPa), sintering temperature (1200 °C), sintering time (more than 80 min.) were established. Their use contributes to the production of products with almost one hundred percent material density and a high degree of homogeneity. Conclusions. As a result of the work carried out, it was found that the use of SFA as alloying elements sources and the preparation of the initial mixture by grinding-mixing methods in a planetary mill promotes the production of materials with a high degree of homogeneity due to the intensification of homogenization and sintering processes and, as a consequence, an increase in their mechanical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In 2020, the U.S. and Vietnam celebrated the 25th anniversary of normalization of bilateral relations. Despite their previous hostility and the U.S.’ participation in the Vietnam War, the security cooperation between these nations has developed significantly since the early 2000s. The author studies the development of the U.S.-Vietnam’s security cooperation in 2001–2017 during G. W. Bush and B. Obama administrations from the historical perspective. This paper highlights trends, dynamics and directions of this cooperation. The research focuses on the major developments in the field and the most important factors which influenced the process. The author also compares the level of this cooperation and its place in the U.S. East Asian policy during G. W. Bush and B. Obama administrations, and defines its different phases. The research methodology is based on the study of primary and secondary sources. The author used chronological approach and comparative analysis. The main goal of the article is to describe the background of the U.S.-Vietnam’s political high-level interactions and trade cooperation, as well as the trends in the U.S. foreign policy, Vietnam-China’s relations and security situation in the South China Sea. The research has revealed that both G. W. Bush and B. Obama’s administrations sought to accomplish the 1990s security goals and to ensure the Navy access to Vietnams’ ports, first and foremost in the Cam Ran Bay, which was essential for the development of the U. S. security infrastructure in Asia Pacific. Cooperation in other spheres, including addressing the challenges of terrorism, transnational crimes, and disasters relief was also important. Vietnam’s leadership was often reluctant to the United States’ initiatives because of prevailed distrust and the importance of relations with China. There were growing tensions in the South China Sea with China that contributed to Hanoi’s readiness to advance security cooperation with Washington, as both nations shared interests in keeping the regional balance of power to avoid China’s dominance. Therefore, the author defines three phases of the U.S.-Vietnam’s security cooperation starting from the normalization of their relations to 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper pays special attention to the paremic fund as the source of folk linguophilosophy. The object of analysis is the paremias in the Ukrainian language with the basic lexemes language and word. Proverbs and sayings interpret these concepts not only as the means of communication and transmission of meanings but also as moral and value categories. Ukrainian folk linguophilosophy considers a word through its relation to reality (actions and things) and to mentality and retains echoes of the ancient beliefs in its ability to materialize and influence human life. The belief in the magical influence of words later was layered by everyday observations about their sufficiency to influence emotional states and actions. Folk wisdom, first of all, evaluates words and language as the tools of socialization and establishing social connections, as the measure of a person's intellectual abilities and moral virtues, that is why paremias mostly contain peculiar communicative axioms (За грубе слово не сердься, а на ласкаве не здавайся; Добре слово не коштує нічого, а поможе много; Лагідні слова роблять приятелів, а острі слова - завзятих ворогів; Від ласкавих слів утихає гнів; Не кидай словами, як пес хвостом). The later layers include a smaller group of paremias formed during the period of active nation-building processes and interpreting language as a personal value and the basis of self-identification. The native language is understood as an ethical category, and the attitude to it - as a mirror which refects a person’s attitude to himself (Рідна мова - не полова, її за вітром не розвієш; Хто мови своєї цурається, хай сам себе стидається). Similar ideas are also characteristic of a large group of aphorisms which appeared in the 19th and the early 20th century: the period when the formation of the Ukrainian national idea took place, which, as in the Slavic world as a whole, was linguocentric and initially revolved around the assertion of the rights of the native language and its expressive usefulness. The ideological harmony of small genres of folk art and fiction testifies to the ideological resonance that existed between the broad masses of Ukrainians and a relatively narrow circle of the intellectual elite in the perception of the language issue. Today's speech practice of Ukrainians shows that a significant layer of paremia linguophilosophical content is moving to the periphery of the paremia fund. The communicative potential is preserved by those paremic units that relate to the communicative code, mainly implementing not so much the instruction on verbal support and a kind word (this group was initially the most numerous in Ukrainian language practice) but on the need not to say too much, so as not to harm yourself, which indirectly indicates the general value reorientation of modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Operational risks are inherent to all types of human activity, including industrial production, transport, financial services, etc. Risks of this kind are characterized by many uncertainties, incompleteness and low data quality, that complicate prediction and assessment. To perform modelling of the process associated with operational risk it is necessary to carry out a proper data processing as well as identification, taking into consideration possible uncertainties. The probabilistic approach to modelling is very helpful in solving the problems. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to make brief overview of probabilistic data analysis methods designed to build mathematical models of operational risks. To develop a new probabilistic model in the form of a Bayesian network to describe formally the operational risk of fraud associated with actuarial processes. Methods. The basic methodology used for data and expert estimates processing are Bayesian data analysis techniques that help to construct probabilistic models in the form of Bayesian networks. Results. The proposed modelling method was applied to constructing model of operational risk, more specifically risk of fraud in actuarial sphere. To construct the model the problem was analysed, a set of variables was selected, and prior estimates for conditional probabilities were estimated. The final model was constructed using the modelling system GeNIe. The model functioning was demonstrated using illustrative example. Conclusions. It was shown that modelling, estimating and forecasting financial and other types of risks is important practical problem that can be solved using probabilistic approach, namely Bayesian methodology that helps to identify and take into consideration possible uncertainties of data and expert estimates. The operational risk model constructed using the methodology illustrates the possibilities of application the Bayesian techniques to solving the problems mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of KPI Science News is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KPI Science News is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KPI Science News is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KPI Science News is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Naukovi visti NTUU - KPI is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)