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The paper deals with the topic of eugenics ("Erbgesundheitslehre" or "Rassenhygiene") among the Germans in Romania, which was mainly carried by Transylvanian Saxon actors. Based on Tudor Georgescu's monograph The Eugenic Fortress: The Transylvanian Saxon Experiment in Interwar Romania (2016), the topic is analyzed in depth for the 1920s. Using Heinrich Siegmund's Sächsisches Wehr- und Mehrbuch, which was published in 1914 and in a revised form in 1922, as well as other source examples, it is shown that the eugenic discourse was not only a transfer from the "West" to Transylvanian Saxony, but took on a specific form. The central actors of the biopolitical discourse among the Transylvanian Saxons, especially Heinrich Siegmund and later Alfred Csallner, acted in an interpersonal and intertextual network, especially one supported by institutions, that was primarily connected to Germany--the exchange on eugenics was thus a reciprocal process, not an exclusively one-sided "import" from the "West." However, it is further noted that there was relatively little demonstrable exchange with Romanian and Hungarian eugenicists. The implementation of the teachings of eugenics was intended to counter a demographically induced decrease in the population of the German minority. The main target was the younger generation, especially in rural areas--this milieu was seen as having the best chances of resisting the "decline" by means of biopolitical measures. On the one hand, the analyzed discourse reveals the intertwining of traditional and contemporary topoi; on the other hand, a radicalization of biopolitical concepts can be seen parallel to political developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper begins by discussing the loyalty-faith-betrayal triad in relation to the Crown, the empire, and one's one nation, and then it proceeds to analyze the situation of the Banat region in the aftermath of World War I and the attitude of the local German population towards the tumultuous events that took place after November 1918. Among the elements thus highlighted we find the confusion experienced by the region's multiethnic population (Romanians, Germans, Serbs, and Hungarians), the intervention of the Entente forces, as well as the attempts made by the authorities in Budapest to maintain control over Banat--among other things, by trying to set up an administrative unit of Banat sometimes referred to as a "republic," which was never actually proclaimed, was never granted international legal status and never acquired its own institutions or distinct legislation, and was therefore ephemeral and practically non-existent. The authors then examine the options available to the German population in what concerned their chances of still living as Germans in a land they had profoundly shaped in economic and cultural terms for the past 200 years, at a time what the Romanians had clearly opted for a union with Romania, the vacillations of a population that included a modest intellectual class between the old loyalty towards the Hungarian state, the loyalty towards one's own community (amid the renewed hope of a German revival), and also the loyalty expected by the Romanian state (of which they knew little, and the little they knew tended to be mostly negative), without forgetting the decision--otherwise influenced by the Saxon leaders (Rudolf Brandsch)--to accept the union with Romania and to support this decision at the Paris Peace Conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the Papers of the International Colloquium of Romance Civilizations, Literatures and Languages (Bucharest, 14--27 Sept. 1959)--held under the aegis of the Romanian National Commission for UNESCO and of the Academy of the Popular Republic of Romania--as well as on an unpublished document from the private archive of Alphonse Dupront, the present article describes the visit to communist Romania made by the Sorbonne historian, the former director of the French Institute in Bucharest (1932-1940/1941). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The topic of the present paper is "Culture and civilisation in teaching foreign languages for specific purposes", with "culture and civilization" referring to the "science of a country's culture". The linguistic capacity of acting in the economic area in the age of globalization is closely linked to culture and civilization and to the knowledge of other cultures. Lacking information can lead to communication difficulties which can result in financial loss in the economic sphere. After defining the chosen topic and the applied concepts in the first part of the paper, the second part enlarges upon the topic of the "cultural competence" concentrating on the management of space and time as important cultural components of communication in the economic sphere. In the third part of the paper I present types of exercises for the development of cultural knowledge and I discuss how they can be introduced in the process of language teaching for Romanian students. In the last part I draw the conclusions about the significance of regional and cultural knowledge and about the appropriate exercises used for its increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains a retrospective and (self)critical view of Carmen Elisabeth Puchianu's poetry and prose written under the political dictatorship during the late eighties in Romania. The paper focuses on some strategies of literary camouflage, of specific types of discourse, in order to find an adequate way of dealing with censorship and to avoid major compromises to the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims at describing the cultural specifics of Romanian and German collocations in the field of accounting. It examines which collocations of the two languages for specific purposes are more or less specific and in which of the two LSPs the degree of specialisation in equivalence pairs is higher. The research confirms that, despite globalisation and the attempts to unify the accounting systems, on the conceptual level, the national cultural characteristics of the two languages are maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertising uses a multitude of stereotypes as a result of social representations. Gender stereotypes are also present in this industry, where women are mostly represented as domestic, emotional and especially sexual beings. The present paper aims to analyze the representation of the sexual dimension of women in the Romanian advertising industry and the public perception on the role models of women in the Romanian ads. The empirical research is based on qualitative and quantitative methods: focus group, expert interviews, content analyses and opinion survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an account of Herta Müller's experience during the time of communist regime in Romania. The writer documented that experience in her essays and reiterates it as a central theme in the novels she wrote. For Herta Müller the term "boundary" is not a simple word with a geographical meaning, but conotates the crippling effects of the communist dictatorship which are transffered in an aesthetic way of expression as in the foreign look and the discourse of loneliness. Herta Müller also passes across the boundary which separates the real dictator and the literary figure by using a striking metaphor: the king. Another instance of the boundary is occasioned by the writer's own political situation, namely her statute of Heimatlosigkeit (homelessness). Finally, living between two languages (Romanian and German), Herta Müller confronted another boundary, a linguistic one, which encompasses her entire literary work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medialization phenomenon has become an area of great interest in the field of communication. This study focuses on the medialization in the field of sports. The main objective of the paper is to analyze this phenomenon by using a qualitative approach. Indepth interviews have been carried out in Cluj–Napoca, Romania. The relationship between athletes and sports clubs on the one hand and the media on the other hand, sports culture in Romania, media coverage of different sport arts, the influence of new media in sports and the extent to which the influence of the media on the field of sport has changes over the last 15 years were the main issues that were discussed. The results are reflected in a series of conclusions regarding different aspects of the interaction between the field of sport and mass media, representing a starting point for further research on the medialization of sports in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the concept of civil society the author analyzes the complex changes occurred in Romania following the events of 1989. Attention is paid to the difficult implementation of authentic democratization measures, at a time when many members of the old regime maintained leading positions in the state and when the society in general lacked a political culture of its own. The author also highlights the importance of establishing an authentic civil society, one that would keep under close scrutiny political authorities still unused to having a public debate on their initiatives. In this respect, the paper mentions the role played by the organizations of the civil society and by the mass media in the establishment of a democratic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of International Law & Politics / Uluslararasi Hukuk ve Politika is the property of International Strategic Research Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)