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The present study analyzes the impact of energy consumption and environmental degradation on economic growth in developing countries. Panel-ARDL Model is suitably proposed technique to estimate the long-run as well as short-run relationships due to mixed order of integration. The homogenous panel causality test is also used to find out the interrelationship among energy consumption and environmental degradation and macroeconomic variables. The results state that energy consumption has positive and statistically significant effect on growth in three panel LMICs, UMICs and in ASDCs except LICs where it has negative but insignificant effect on economic growth. The environmental degradation has negative and statistically significant influence on economic growth in all panels. Consequently the hypothesis of study that "economic growth improves with energy use and declines with environmental degradation" is fulfilled. The secondary objective of given study is to fulfill the hypothesis, 'the casual relationships exist between energy, environmental degradation and macroeconomic variables'' On the whole, the feedback hypothesis of study ''the casual relationships exist between energy, environmental degradation and macroeconomic variables'' is also fulfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ensayos Sobre Política Económica is the property of Banco de la Republica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While technology and internet has a riveting presence for most in the urban settings and developed areas, it remains at a distant periphery for many in the under-served pockets of the world. To link the appropriation of ICT for development (ICT4D) in least developed countries (LDCs) and its achievement of the development goals, we propose a citizen-centric capacity development (CCD) framework. We use the framework to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of ICT for education (ICTE) artifacts in Haiti. To understand the contextual factors influencing participant’s intentions to use ITCE, we develop an integrated theoretical model that draws upon a popular information systems (IS) theory (UTAUT) and a behavior change model (HBM) from the public health domain. Data from 222 users is used to assess individual perceptions of ICTE benefits and barriers, and personal motivations to use ICTE. Compared to UTAUT, the results of our model better explain variations in behavior intentions of ICTE use. For practitioners, the study offers insights on what drives ICT use in LDCs. For researchers, the study generates discussion on the importance of understanding interdependencies between technology and development context. We argue that understanding these interdependencies are crucial if ICT4D interventions are to be meaningful and impactful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilateral development banks (MDBs) all have a strong preference to avoid conflicts and to keep matters decided internally. They are averse to strict, judicialtype law application. Their dispute resolution mechanisms are thus essentially administrative in nature, although in exceptional forums, the MDBs agree through charters or contracts to get exposed to judicial process or arbitration. MDBs do not have a uniform dispute settlement system: different MDBs have their own dispute resolution mechanisms, arid within each MDB, there are various dispute resolution mechanisms to deal with different subject matters. Most dispute resolution forums for MDBs are built from within, but are independent from Bank management. These mechanisms generally perform well in handling different disputes, which is extraordinary given the soft law nature of international financial law in a larger context. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is the first MDB initiated by a group of Asian developing countries with China at the centre. Its committed high standards can only be possible with fair and effective dispute resolution mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Solow growth model indicates that more than half of the variation in gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita) is attributed to savings rates and population growth. This paper investigates whether the Solow growth model also explains conditional convergence for three developing countries (Argentina, Cameroon, and Kenya), using a methodology that is consistent with Carlino and Mills (1996). The results suggest that the Solow growth model correctly predicts that an increase in the savings-investment ratio leads to capital accumulation. However, additional analyses indicate that an increase in capital per capita may not immediately follow a higher savings-investment ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic momentum of underdeveloped countries derived from the generation and application of their endogenous knowledge is an essential factor toward achieving social welfare. Thus, it is important to understand the development of science and technology within these underdeveloped countries, how the application of that development can address problems in agriculture and food needs, and how that development can offer sustainable options for growth and optimization. In addition, many small farmers in underdeveloped countries are already planting crops based on biotechnological products, which is significant in terms of how these activities influence the development of their lives, particularly with respect to the generation of policies aimed at farming areas. This paper is an exploratory study on the perceptions of peasant producers of the effects of biofertilizers on their environment and their lives. This research is based on a study of peasant producers of the State of Morelos, Mexico, who use biofertilizers produced from endogenous technological assets, i.e., that involve private actors and public research centers. The results facilitate understanding the perceptions of these peasants in addition to the challenges and opportunities that rural areas face and the connections between the involvement of business, academia and government in planning and administration with respect to the management of these innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper there is an accent on the current conditions and trends in world trade. Also, an analysis of the exchange's circumstances in the world economy is going to be implemented. In fact, there are analyzed the conditions of exchange in the world trade and presented the structure of the export stocks according to basic groups of products for the period from 1937 to 2013 year. Furthermore, there is an accent on many reasons that caused to this alter in the structure of stock exchange. In this paper, the actual conditions and trends in international trade are analyzed. In particular, an emphasis is given to the growth of the international trade for separate groups of countries according to the level of achieved economic development. At the end are given recommendations, directions and suggestions for increasing the effects and uses of the international trade for less developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the developments and new ideas of the least developed countries (LDCs) across the world. It outlines the development of Group of LLDCs, the joint pressure and lobbying group designed for land-locked LDCs in Mongolia. The exposure of the land-grabbing approach in Cambodia is also mentioned.

Adopted in September 2000, the United Nations Millennium Declaration encapsulates all the development aspirations of the entire world, aspirations that have become even more challenging to realise in the actual economic context characterised by fears and doubts for the future induced mainly by the recent financial crises. It is clear that the way towards a more prosperous, sustainable and equitable world is a collective responsibility for present and future generations. This paper aims to analyse the role of European Union (EU) within the multilateral trading system (MTS) for the achievement of better integration of the Least Developed Countries (LDC) in world trade that can satisfy their needs of economic development. Our research goal is to identify the extent to which the EU and the World Trade Organization (WTO) are responsible for a better access of LDCs in international trade and therefore for their future economic development. This research suggests that the real responsibility for economic development cannot be with the EU or the WTO, but with national governments centred on their capacity to grasp the opportunities raised by the international context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Caribbean cultural industry and the impact of creative clusters in rural and urban locations, focusing on the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. Other topics of the article include how government policy affects the creative cultural industry, creative aspects of the cultural industry such as art and music, and the economic impact of the cultural industry upon developing islands.

The article discusses emerging economies and the Basel III proposed global banking regulatory standards as of October 2012. Capital adequacy ratios and their impact on global banking stability standards are addressed, along with the risks associated with banks in developing countries which acquire a capital base which is mainly composed of common equity.

The present paper examines the causal linkage between foreign direct investment(FDI) and economic growth - in Cote' d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone - with financial development accounted for over the period 1970-2005 within a trivariate framework which applies Granger causality tests in a vector error correction(VEC) setting. Three alternative measures of financial sector development - total liquid liabilities, total banking sector credit and credit to the private sector - were employed to capture different ramifications of financial intermediation. Our results support the view that the extent of financial sophistication matters for the benefits of foreign direct investment to register on economic growth in Ghana, Gambia and Sierra Leone depending on the financial indicator used. Nigeria, on the other hand, displays no evidence of any short- or long-run causal flow from FDI to growth with financial deepening accompanying. In sum, therefore, what should be of utmost urgency is concerted efforts in most of these countries, which have typically been in the throes of economic reforms, to upgrade their financial structure to better position them to reap the desirable growth promoting effects of FDI flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefiting from the process of globalisation and becoming an information and knowledge society has become the vision of many governments throughout the world. However, becoming such a society is much easier for developed countries as they already possess some of the prerequisite criteria to be classified as an information and knowledge society. These criteria include a stable economy, an efficient physical infrastructure, and an effective ICT infrastructure, to mention a few (Britz 2006; Holmner 2008). As many of the criteria of an information and knowledge society coincide with the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), it is much easier and faster for these developed countries to achieve these goals and benefit from the global economy. For developing countries that are still experiencing a digital divide, these goals seem nearly unattainable. As the deadline for achieving the MDGs is only five years away, it has become imperative for developing countries to investigate other roads and possibilities to assist them in progressing towards attaining these goals at an increased speed. Utilising indigenous knowledge is one of these roads that developing countries are making use of to reach this destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of transparency initiatives on improving governance and economic outcomes in oil, gas, and mineral rich developing countries. We provide two explanations for the apparent shortcomings in impact. Methodological challenges prevent its accurate observation, and work in this area requires a more politically-nuanced and explicitly-stated casual chain between the disclosure of information and improved development outcomes. Second, shortcomings and limitations in the design of existing transparency initiatives hinder a demonstrable and transformative impact on development outcomes. In particular, many initiatives are externally driven and target transparency too narrowly which affects both the intent and character of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Global Commodity Chain (GCC) approach, the present study investigates the factors that influence the positions of developing nations within the governance structure of the international sex trafficking network. Previous research focuses on the influences of economic reforms or culture on countries' positions within the network, for both developing and developed nations. The present paper focuses on developing nations to avoid biasness, and to address contextual differences. We argue that in addition to economic reforms, other factors such as political conditions reflected in the level of corruption, and values pertaining to gender discrimination can influence a nation's position within the governance structure of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Population Studies is the property of Union for African Population Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines five issues: 1) Recent performance of developing countries in terms of growth, investment and integration with the world economy; 2) The impact of the crisis on these economies; 3) The response of policy makers in these economies to mitigate the adverse impact, in particular, the nature of the stimulus packages implemented in these economies; 4) The role developing countries can play in the recovery of the world economy; and 5) The role of China in the recovery, and, in particular, how to deal with the bilateral imbalance between the US and China. Special attention is paid to the behaviour of the economies of the developing country members of the G20 (DG20).1 Finally, the paper discusses what the crisis has revealed about the interests of Russia, India and China in the world economy and consequently a possible strategy for the G20 which would serve their interests. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recently, we have witnessed a massive economic slow down with sever negative effects on the developing and developed economies. This development created a very inconvenient and impractical situation in accepting an adage of Neo-liberalism that the absence of state and the dominance of market would lead the human development in true sense, or civil society which is now connecting itself with the market thinking can provide remedial to the problem. Therefore, the hope of re-visit of state-led democratic governance with a hold on economic and human development gets fuel to sideline the neo-liberal posture. Paper presents a comparative analysis among all the paradigms of development i.e. state, market and civil society and discusses that which paradigm is best suitable for developing economies like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is currently passing through a period of momentous change in different spheres - economic, social, cultural and political. In recent decades, it is observed that multilateral institutions as well as several bilateral development agencies have come forward with the good governance package and are forcing / helping introduce it in the third world countries. In case India, increasing directive / assistance is provided to the government by these agencies to introduce the package of reform through loan conditional ties, policy advance, projects and training of personnel. Governance means "The process of decision - making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). Good governance is a dynamic concept. It encompasses fast changing political, social and economic milieu along with the international environment and conditions of operational governance. Modern concept of good governance is participatory, consensus - oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of law. Good governance is associated with efficient and effective administration in a democratic framework an administration considered to be citizen friendly, citizen - caring, responsive and respecting human rights at large. The Indian state has adopted a largely favorable stance towards the processes of globalization, liberalization and privatization. It has embarked on the path of reorienting and restructuring its governance system. A whole new set of policies and programmes has been put it place. The canvas of reforms covers both the center and the states. It encompasses reforms in economic, social, administrative and political spheres. Thus, the new governance package, popularly known as 'good governance' is advocated by the major multilateral and bilateral development/financing agencies. They share the view that better quality of governance would promote development. In the era of globalization, there are many streams of discourses doing the rounds within the realm of political economy and political sociology at the national and international levels . The new challenges created by globalization are compellingly illustrated by the international financial system. Globalization has also affected domestic politics and thereby the capacity of governments. to manage these new forces. Good Governance will be the engine for development in a liberalized economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arguments about the “positive” influence of growing transnational linkages have typically focused on their role in diffusing environmentally superior innovations which help to raise countries’ environment-efficiency. The present article empirically tests these claims by examining whether developing countries’ linkages with more CO2- and SO2-efficient economies contribute to domestic improvements in CO2- and SO2-efficiency. Our large-N, statistical findings caution against some of the efficiency-oriented optimism voiced by supporters of globalization. Although imports ties with more pollution-efficient countries are found to spill over into improved domestic CO2- and SO2-efficiency, neither transnational linkages via exports, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) nor telephone calls appear to have any influence on domestic pollution efficiency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on pro-poor tourism (PPT), which is sometimes referred to as Sustainable Tourism - Eliminating Poverty (ST-EP) and Anti-Poverty Tourism (APT). The author states that this research probe critically evaluates PPT in order to guarantee that development agencies, donors, governments, and various tourism organizations are not being enticed into either another neoliberal agenda, a publicity campaign for agencies motivated to promote continued tourism development, or an insincere attempt by aid agencies to restructure existing development programmes under a poverty-alleviation agenda.

The author discusses ways to promote democracy and social equity during the global financial crisis. He comments that a society's political history influences the distribution of economic resources and discusses how corrupt utilization of resources has resulted in disparities regarding the distribution of wealth. He notes that the financial crisis has reduced foreign investment and infrastructure development in developing countries and suggests a fair global trading system should be implemented.

This research encompasses 177 countries around the world with the data on human resource variables for the year 2005. The countries have been put into four groups: gravely underdeveloped, developing, developed, and highly developed. The research has looked into the variables Human Development Index, population, population over 65 years of age, primary education enrolment, investment into secondary education, investment into tertiary education, investment into research and development, Gender-Related Development Index and productivity increase, and analyzed how they influence the economic growth rate. This means that the impact of changes in the observed variables is analyzed, i.e. how they influence the standard of living and level of development in countries of the world. The main hypothesis is that investing in people, i.e. in primary, secondary and tertiary education will bring long-term positive effects on social growth and development, thus contributing to the level of development and overall standard of living. Another hypothesis is that, depending on the development level, human capital and education will exert different influence on GDP per capita, which indicates that a number of economic variables play a major role on the effects of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the global financial recession and what it portends for citizens within developing countries. The author provides a history of legislation that has addressed economic disparity among industrialized nations and developing countries, specifically focusing upon the United Nation’s Millenium Development Goals (MDG). The role of the Commonwealth in international economic reform is examined.

For several decades many small island developing states (SIDS) have come to rely on tourism as the primary agent of economic development. Although in many instances the industry has emerged as one of the largest and fastest growing economic sectors, much of the anticipated developmental benefits that tourism was expected to deliver have failed to materialize. This has influenced several tourism researchers to question the presumed link between tourism and economic development. This article seeks to explore whether such a link exists and if so what is the extent of the industry's contribution among SIDS. To answer these questions the study will rely on evidence obtained from a simple cross-sectional regression model as well as on estimates of the tourism income multipliers that were generated for several of these island states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Like other developing countries, Vietnam has attempted to push for greater fiscal decentralization in the hope of a more efficient delivery of social services to targeted citizens. The fiscal decentralization initiative is encouraging and merits pursuit, but the present study however, shows that a misstep in the decentralization process can discriminate disproportionately against the poor. Specifically, an increase in the sub-provincial share of the total provincial expenditures is predicted to bring about an appreciable decrease in the lowest-quintile average monthly income. We suggest that the Vietnamese government require provinces to adopt pro-poor allocation norms rather than reclaiming its control over the provincial expenditure assignment. This paper's empirical findings sound a note of considerable caution that other developing countries should exercise in their fiscal decentralization efforts to avoid creating unintended consequences for the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeology as a discipline deals with fossilised human behaviour. It can provide Third World states like Nigeria with reliable information about the past, which can be used by government to plan present and future endeavours. This paper examines the meaning of archaeology and the processes involved in archaeological excavation and interpretation. The paper concludes that if given its proper position, archaeology can help Nigeria in its quest for sustainable development by serving as a good source of foreign exchange earnings as is the case with such Third World states as Kenya, Tanzania, Egypt among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the occurrence of poverty in the process of developing the economy in the Developing countries. Materiality of poverty; Causative agent of poverty; Use of poststructural framework of reasoning.

Presents a personal reflection of the authors of the Latin American World Model (LAWM) on what the model meant in the context of the limits debate and the more general issue of the futures of the world system. Construction and launching of World 3 model; LAWN as a reponse to the position that attributed underdevelopment, international problems, and poverty in developing countries.

Focuses on the problems encountered by developing countries which could lead to a debt-rescheduling arrangement. Factors responsible for such problems; Discussion of these factors within a macroeconomic framework; Suggestions from the logistic analysis.

The article presents the author's insights on occupational multiplicity and the rural developmental patterns of the third world such as the Philippines. He says that the natures of economic diversification led to two patterns, the sociological and the individual pattern, which drives people to engage in multiple occupation. He added that there are three major types of occupational multiplicity, the involutionary, adaptive, and entrepreneurial multiplicity.