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Over the past few decades, instrumentation and techniques for total knee arthroplasty have evolved from conventional manual tools to a wide range of technologies, including calibrated guides for accurate bone cuts and alignment, smart tools, dynamic intraoperative sensors for soft tissue balancing, patient-specific guides, computer navigation, and robotics. This review is intended to provide an overview of the latest advancements in total knee arthroplasty technology, address potential challenges and solutions related to the application of these technologies, and explore their limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although studies have been conducted using virtual reality (VR) in nursing education, evidence distinguishing the benefits and barriers of adopting VR pedagogical methods to teach undergraduate nursing students is not well-defined in nursing literature. Purpose: To identify current evidence on the benefits and barriers of adopting VR as a pedagogical method in nursing education. Methods: A scoping review of 6 databases using PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Data were managed using Covidence® software. Table of Evidence illustrates the themes. Results: Seventeen articles identified 5 thematic benefits of VR (knowledge acquisition, student engagement, improved selfconfidence, teaching strategy, and cost factors) and 4 barriers (physical discomfort, learning outcome challenges, challenges to integrating into curricula, and technology challenges). Conclusions: VR is an effective teaching-learning strategy to reinforce nursing concepts and build competencies. It is not a substitute for clinical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended reality has brought new opportunities for medical imaging visualization and analysis. It regroups various subfields, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality. Various applications have been proposed for surgical practice, as well as education and training. The aim of this review was to summarize current applications of extended reality and augmented reality in vascular surgery, highlighting potential benefits, pitfalls, limitations, and perspectives on improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometry is considered a fundamental component to be mastered in the elementary school mathematics curriculum. Lower primary school pupils frequently experience obstacles because of the abstract nature of geometric concepts and the requirement for spatial visualization skills, which are necessary for strengthening their conceptual understanding. Augmented reality (AR) technology offers a promising solution by providing visual representations of geometric shapes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of AR technology in primary school education on pupils’ spatial visualization abilities in geometry. Employing a quasiexperimental pre- and post-test research design, this study involved 61 second-grade pupils from two Northern Malaysian primary schools. The selection of schools followed cluster sampling techniques, while intact groups were utilized to select samples. Data were collected from two groups: an experimental group that utilized the LearnGeoAR applications and a control group that employed conventional teaching methods to learn geometric shapes. This study used the spatial visualization ability test (SVAT) instrument, grounded in Van Hiele’s theory of geometric thinking. The findings revealed that the experimental group, which utilized AR applications, exhibited a higher mean score in pupils’ spatial visualization ability in geometry compared to the control group. Additionally, the experiment demonstrated a moderate effect on both groups. This finding highlights the potential of AR technology in enhancing pupils’ spatial visualization skills in geometry instruction, providing valuable insights for instructional methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glenoid placement is critical for successful outcomes in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Preoperative templating with three-dimensional imaging has improved implant positioning, but deviations from the planned inclination and version still occur. Mixed-Reality (MR) is a novel technology that allows surgeons intra-operative access to three-dimensional imaging and templates, capable of overlaying the surgical field to help guide component positioning. The purpose of this study was to compare the execution of preoperative templates using MR vs.standard instruments (SIs). Retrospective review of 97 total shoulder arthroplasties (18 anatomic, 79 reverse) from a single high-volume shoulder surgeon between January 2021 and February 2023, including only primary diagnoses of osteoarthritis, rotator cuff arthropathy, or a massive irreparable rotator cuff tear. To be included, patients needed a templated preoperative plan and then a postoperative computed tomography scan. Allocation to MR vs. SI was based on availability of the MR headset, industry technical personnel, and the templated preoperative plan loaded into the software, but preoperative or intraoperative patient factors did not contribute to the allocation decision. Postoperative inclination and version were measured by two independent, blinded physicians and compared to the preoperative template. From these measurements, we calculated the mean difference, standard deviation (SD), and variance to compare MR and SI. Comparing 25 MR to 72 SI cases, MR significantly improved both inclination (P <.001) and version (P <.001). Specifically, MR improved the mean difference from preoperative templates (by 1.9° inclination, 2.4° version), narrowed the SD (by 1.7° inclination, 1.8° version), and decreased the variance (11.7-3.0 inclination, 14.9-4.3 version). A scatterplot of the data demonstrates a concentration of MR cases within 5° of plan relative to SI cases typically within 10° of plan. There was no difference in operative time. MR improved the accuracy and precision of glenoid positioning. Although it is unlikely that 2° makes a detectable clinical difference, our results demonstrate the potential ability for technology like MR to narrow the bell curve and decrease the outliers in glenoid placement. This will be particularly relevant as MR and other similar technologies continue to evolve into more effective methods in guiding surgical execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the implementation of Augmented Reality (AR) in retail, focusing on the furniture sector. It outlines the process undertaken to gain Retail business managers' approval for a proof of concept utilizing AR, supported by a Storyboard demonstrating potential business benefits. The proof of concept aimed to illustrate how AR could increase sales and decrease return rates of furniture by allowing customers to visualize products in their own space before purchasing. Metrics for evaluating 3D model suppliers used in the AR platform are also discussed. The company's team developed the platform internally using Google's ARCore technology. This study highlights the practical applications of AR in retail and its impact on enhancing consumer interaction and operational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical treatment of pediatric chest wall tumors requires accurate surgical planning and tumor localization to achieve radical resections while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. Augmented Reality (AR) could facilitate surgical decision making by improving anatomical understanding and intraoperative tumor localization. We present our clinical experience with the use of an AR system for intraoperative tumor localization during chest wall resections. Furthermore, we present the pre-clinical results of a new registration method to improve our conventional AR system. From January 2021, we used the HoloLens 2 for pre-incisional tumor localization during all chest wall resections inside our center. A patient-specific 3D model was projected onto the patient by use of a five-point registration method based on anatomical landmarks. Furthermore, we developed and pre-clinically tested a surface matching method to allow post-incisional AR guidance by performing registration on the exposed surface of the ribs. Successful registration and holographic overlay were achieved in eight patients. The projection seemed most accurate when landmarks were positioned in a non-symmetric configuration in proximity to the tumor. Disagreements between the overlay and expected tumor location were mainly due to user-dependent registration errors. The pre-clinical tests of the surface matching method proved the feasibility of registration on the exposed ribs. Our results prove the applicability of AR guidance for the pre- and post-incisional localization of pediatric chest wall tumors during surgery. The system has the potential to enable intraoperative 3D visualization, hereby facilitating surgical planning and management of chest wall resections. IV Treatment Study • What is currently known about this topic? Augmented Reality is a visualization technique that can give a direct impression of the patient's anatomy in 3D and therefore has great potential within surgical applications. • What new information is contained in this article? This article presents the clinical application and further development of an AR system for intraoperative tumor localization during pediatric chest wall resections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen increased calls for marketers to embrace diversity and emphasise inclusivity, allowing brands to communicate with audiences more authentically. Such calls have spanned brand communications, advertising, social media and the like. Simultaneously, there has been a rise in virtual environments (i.e. virtual reality and the metaverse) and some consumers are increasingly demanding greater diversity in these virtual spaces. Despite this, little is known about how consumers perceive brands that take a diversity stand in these virtual, or artificial, environments. Do consumers perceive these brand strategies as grounded in integrity? Or do they perceive diversity representation in virtual environments as a form of exploitation? With this paper, we investigate the effect of diversity representation in virtual environments across two empirical studies. We provide evidence that while diversity representation can have positive effects in virtual environments, brand motives are an important mediator that influence consumers perceptions of diversity representation in virtual environments. Taken together, this research raises important considerations for brand managers, and the marketing discipline generally, as brands increasingly look for opportunities to engage with consumers in virtual environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a support tool designed for instructors in technical education within engineering programs, focusing specifically on power electronics and laboratory procedures related to the three-phase half-wave rectifier. The Augmented Reality (AR) application was developed for Android devices using Unity+Vuforia, employing a gamification-based approach. The application allows students to evaluate their knowledge and skills in real-time and offers an interactive learning environment. It provides learning diagnostics and sends each student's evaluation to a database stored on Google-Forms that is accessible by the instructor or assessor in question. It's important to note that this APP is freely accessible through the Android APP store. The learning strategy is around a game that tests players on their knowledge of measuring devices and theoretical concepts. Additionally, there is a puzzle task that encourages learners to correctly arrange the waveforms in a rectifier. Students can also connect the half-wave rectifier's essential connections and the transformer's delta-star connections through touch interaction. A comparison study between traditional teaching methods and the innovative AR-based approach has been conducted. This educational proposal itself is an innovative solution that will be especially helpful for laboratories lacking useful equipment in Mexican colleges. To test the effect of AR application on student success, an experimental study was conducted on two groups of students (a control group [non-using AR] and a test group [using AR]). To determine significant difference in acquired learning, an ANOVA statistical analysis was conducted using independent sample tests. According to tests result, there is a significant difference in the acquired knowledge for those who used the designed tool. The probability value (p = 1e-5 <0.05) for the use of AR is found. They increase their initial average grade from 27.08% to 72.3%, in contrast to the control group with no significant increasing learning, reporting an initial average grade of 28.75–43.33%. These results show that the use of AR in electronic practice makes a significant difference in student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand dexterity is an important clinical marker after hand surgery as it can greatly impact one's ability to perform their day-to-day activities. With the increased focus on remote patient monitoring after hand surgery, new technologies are required to remotely monitor hand dexterity. The purpose of this study is to identify dexterity outcomes using the web application "DIGITS" and compare these outcomes to the nine-hole-pegboard test (NHPT). Cross-sectional observational study. This was a two-part study with a pilot of our remote dexterity design using DIGITS followed by a validation study comparing DIGITS to a gold-standard metric of dexterity, NHPT. The pilot study recruited 42 healthy subjects between the ages of 18–65 to perform a remote finger tapping exercise using DIGITS. The second part of the study included 50 subjects between the ages of 18–65. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and then completed three finger tapping sequences for 20 seconds using DIGITS and three trials of the NHPT with each hand. Correlational analyses were done to compare the DIGITS dexterity test with the NHPT. Four outcome measures to assess dexterity were identified, which included (1) total sequences completed in 20 seconds, (2) time to complete 10 sequences, (3) average frequency per sequence, and (3) sequence accuracy. Significant negative correlations were found with the NHPT and total sequences completed in 20 seconds in both dominant and non-dominant hand trials. Additionally, significant negative correlations were found between the NHPT and the time to complete 10 sequences and average frequency in the non-dominant hand trials. This study shows promising results for the use of DIGITS as a remote measure of hand dexterity. The total number of sequences completed significantly correlates with the NHPT and should be further explored in representative patient populations. • DIGITS outcomes included total sequences completed, average frequency, and accuracy. • Several DIGITS outcomes significantly correlated with NHPT scores. • Dexterity was found to worsen as patients get older in the NHPT and DIGITS test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop an interactive mobile application based on augmented reality (IMoART), which could contribute to reshaping the learning paradigm in computer hardware courses. The IMoART application employs a marker-based tracking method. Accessible on smartphones, it integrates into the learning process, is attractive to students, and fosters engagement as users can visualize hardware through 3D objects. The application serves as an alternative and supplementary learning tool to make the educational experience more enjoyable while potentially reducing school expenditures. The results of the development process, which involved using the 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate), showed that the IMoART application is effective, with notable feasibility scores of 3.68 for the media aspect and 3.81 for the material aspect, as evaluated by media and subject matter experts. User responses from teachers and students further support the positive outcomes of the IMoART application, achieving a robust practicality score of 84.68%. Noteworthy aspects such as ease of navigation, clarity, aesthetic features, and instructional quality demonstrate high practicality. This study contributes significantly to the literature by presenting an evaluated model that offers an enjoyable and efficient learning experience using 3D objects, videos, images, simulations, and interactive animations in the context of computer hardware learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) causes deficits in muscle and sensory functions of the face due to damage to the facial nerve. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the "Fisiobem" app in rehabilitating patients with PFP through facial mimicry exercises. The app uses the device's camera to identify the user and measure the range of motion during the exercises, applying the ARKit framework to quantify the intensity of the movements. We conducted a usability study with 34 participants unaffected by PFP, performing mimics with different amplitudes. Results show that glasses did not affect recognition accuracy in exercises such as raising eyebrows, frowning, and closing the eyes tightly. As for wrinkling the nose exercise, glasses impacted higher intensities. As for the beard or mustache, lower lip protrusion, compressing the lips, smiling, showing teeth and blowing out filling cheeks were not affected. However, when smiling with lips together, beard and mustache influenced intensities above 75%. It is important to highlight that this study has limitations, such as the sample size and lack of consideration for ethnic diversity among participants. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to validate and generalize these findings and explore the nuances of interactions between facial features and facial recognition algorithms. Despite these limitations, the approach facilitated by the "Fisiobem" application offers significant benefits, especially for patients with PFP who face challenges in accessing specialized therapists. It allows patients to complement their treatment by performing guided facial mimicry exercises at home. The application helps individuals accurately perform the exercises and effectively track the progress of their rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As globalization accelerates and technology advances, the education and transmission of architectural heritage face new challenges and opportunities. Mobile augmented reality (MAR) technology offers innovative means for presenting and educating about architectural heritage, enhancing user experiences and interactivity through the overlay of virtual information. This study explores the application of MAR in architectural heritage education, examining its potential to enhance educational outcomes, increase user engagement, and foster awareness of heritage conservation. While the technology has been widely explored in other educational fields, its application in architectural heritage remains insufficient, particularly in the design of collaborative tasks, assessment of user satisfaction, and implementation of incentive mechanisms. This paper encompasses three research components: a detailed description of collaborative tasks in architectural heritage education using MAR, the development of a satisfaction model to evaluate the effectiveness of these tasks, and the construction of an educational collaboration incentive mechanism. Through this study, the paper not only enriches the application of MAR in cultural heritage conservation but also provides theoretical and empirical support for future related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to measure e-customer satisfaction through e-customer experience, and consumer attitudes towards mobile augmented reality ads (MARA) in the cosmetics marketplace in Indonesia. The research design uses a descriptive verification approach with a survey method. To obtain data, an online questionnaire was employed for cosmetics marketplace consumers in Indonesia who had made purchases after seeing MARA. It was determined that 214 people were taken randomly using a convenience sampling technique. The Smart-PLS program is used to process and analyses the data using path analysis. The results show that the level of consumer perceptions about e-customer satisfaction, e-customer experience, and consumer attitudes towards MARA is excellent. In addition, the positive effects of the e-customer experience and consumer attitudes toward ecustomer satisfaction can be confirmed. This study is expected to contribute theoretically and practically by presenting factors that can encourage consumers to have good experiences and perspectives towards advertisements in the cosmetic marketplaces they visit by utilizing MARA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore how the integration of augmented reality (AR) filters into English as a second language (ESL) can enhance speaking fluency teaching. The study sheds light on how AR filter can be best implemented in speaking fluency teaching by the innovative opportunities to transform language learning experiences. In this study, ESL teachers' perceptions and experiences with AR filters in speaking fluency instructions were examined through qualitative research method. Design/methodology/approach: This study is an evaluation stage study within a bigger study which utilized design and developmental research (DDR) approach. In this third phase of DDR which is the evaluation phase, this study involved semi-structured interviews with six ESL teachers from six different public secondary school settings. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts. Findings: Data analysis revealed several key findings regarding the utilization of AR filters in ESL speaking fluency teaching. Firstly, participants reported that AR filters can be best used in various educational settings. Secondly, AR filters were found to provide supports for various students' levels. Thirdly, participants identified that AR filters can be best used to cater students with diverse learning styles. Research limitations/implications: The work aims to help ESL educators in using AR filters in their speaking fluency teaching. The limitation of this study is that it includes only the experience of teachers from a public secondary school setting without taking into consideration other secondary institutions such as ESL teachers from private schools or boarding schools. The generalizability of our findings may be affected due to our reliance on self-reported data from a small sample size. Practical implications: The implications of these findings for ESL pedagogy and teacher professional development are discussed. By incorporating AR filters into ESL speaking fluency instruction, educators can create speaking fluency teaching in various settings such as formal and informal settings. Furthermore, ESL teachers may immerse students in environments that cater to the diverse language learners' styles and language levels through the use of AR filter. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the potential of AR filters to transform ESL teaching and learning practices, paving the way for future innovations in language education. Originality/value: Available studies exploring AR in English teaching exist, but very limited of those utilized markerless AR, in the form of AR filters with speaking fluency teaching. Also, this paper focused on teachers' experience with AR filters in contrast to students' experience in public secondary school settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report introduces the reader to the concepts and applications of augmented and virtual reality in dentistry. Virtual reality (VR) is the computer-generated three-dimensional simulation of a virtual environment accessed through a headset. Augmented reality (AR) is the superimposition of computer-generated imagery or graphics onto the real world, accessed through phones, tablets and headsets. The technology has advanced in recent years with early applications to the medical field revolving around anxiety management, teaching and surgical planning. Uses for surgical orthognathic and other restorative interventions are also in an early phase of development and adoption. CPD/Clinical Relevance: VR and AR have promising applications, but more research must be carried out to determine the technology's validity in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acquired adult flatfoot deformity (AAFD) results in a loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and dysfunction of the posteromedial soft tissues. Hintermann osteotomy (H-O) is often used to treat stage II AAFD. The procedure is challenging because of variations in the subtalar facets and limited intraoperative visibility. We aimed to assess the impact of augmented reality (AR) guidance on surgical accuracy and the facet violation rate. Methods: Sixty AR-guided and 60 conventional osteotomies were performed on foot bone models. For AR osteotomies, the ideal osteotomy plane was uploaded to a Microsoft HoloLens 1 headset and carried out in strict accordance with the superimposed holographic plane. The conventional osteotomies were performed relying solely on the anatomy of the calcaneal lateral column. The rate and severity of facet joint violation was measured, as well as accuracy of entry and exit points. The results were compared across AR-guided and conventional osteotomies, and between experienced and inexperienced surgeons. Results: Experienced surgeons showed significantly greater accuracy for the osteotomy entry point using AR, with the mean deviation of 1.6 ± 0.9 mm (95% CI 1.26, 1.93) compared to 2.3 ± 1.3 mm (95% CI 1.87, 2.79) in the conventional method (P =.035). The inexperienced had improved accuracy, although not statistically significant (P =.064), with the mean deviation of 2.0 ± 1.5 mm (95% CI 1.47, 2.55) using AR compared with 2.7 ± 1.6 mm (95% CI 2.18, 3.32) in the conventional method. AR helped the experienced surgeons avoid full violation of the posterior facet (P =.011). Inexperienced surgeons had a higher rate of middle and posterior facet injury with both methods (P =.005 and.021). Conclusion: Application of AR guidance during H-O was associated with improved accuracy for experienced surgeons, demonstrated by a better accuracy of the osteotomy entry point. More crucially, AR guidance prevented full violation of the posterior facet in the experienced group. Further research is needed to address limitations and test this technology on cadaver feet. Ultimately, the use of AR in surgery has the potential to improve patient and surgeon safety while minimizing radiation exposure. Clinical Relevance: Subtalar facet injury during lateral column lengthening osteotomy represents a real problem in clinical orthopaedic practice. Because of limited intraoperative visibility and variable anatomy, it is hard to resolve this issue with conventional means. This study suggests the potential of augmented reality to improve the osteotomy accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT) is a quick and non-invasive technique for perforator mapping in free flaps that provides real-time information. After a cold challenge, areas best supplied with blood become visible hotspots on color-coded maps, indicating perforators. This study presents a proof of principle for a new and innovative feature of DIRT, where projected augmented reality is used to directly display thermal images on the patient's abdomen prior to the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. A self-aligning projection device prototype (Anatomy Projector) equipped with an integrated thermal camera was used to obtain thermal information and project the color-coded map directly on the patient's abdomen before DIEP flap breast reconstruction. Projected DIRT hotspots were verified using a hand-held Doppler, and compared to the vascularity on computed tomography angiography (CTA), and intraoperative perforator measurements following a Cartesian grid. A total of 514 DIRT hotspots were projected in 50 patients, among them 97.3% could be verified using Doppler. The positive predictive value for CTA was 74.5%. Intraoperative measurements yielded 132 perforators in 71 flaps, among them 75 perforators (56.8%) correlated with projected DIRT hotspots, and half of them (54.7%) appeared within the first 5 emerging hotspots. This study showed that real-time display of thermal data in DIEP flap breast reconstruction is feasible via projected augmented reality. Projection facilitates convenient marking of hotspots, and a high resemblance to Doppler and CTA data was observed. Further research should assess the added value of projecting thermal images intraoperatively and in other fields of plastic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advancement of digital technology, the application of augmented reality (AR) in the field of education has emerged as a focal point of research aimed at enhancing learning efficiency and experience through innovative interactive learning environments. This study focuses on the application of AR technology in education. The goal is to address key technical issues present in existing AR interactive learning environments to promote their widespread adoption in educational settings. An analysis of the current application of AR technology in education is conducted, focusing on its potential to enhance learners’ motivation and comprehension capabilities. However, a common shortfall in existing research methodologies has been identified, namely inadequate control over node consistency and deficient design of collaborative visualization components. These limitations restrict interaction and collaborative efficiency within AR learning environments. In response, a novel predictive algorithm for node consistency control is proposed, significantly enhancing real-time interaction and coherence among multiple learners through optimized information synchronization mechanisms. Furthermore, a set of collaborative visualization components is designed to be personalized according to learners’ behavioral and cognitive characteristics, thereby supporting more effective team-based learning. The outcomes of this study not only provide new theoretical and technical support for the design and implementation of AR interactive learning environments but also offer a fresh perspective on the future direction of educational technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood language acquisition is crucial, but complex scripts such as Bengali present challenges. BIPLOB, an Android-based augmented reality (AR) application, seeks to revolutionize language learning by introducing interactive 3D models and meticulously recorded audio pronunciations. Targeting both engagement and accuracy, BIPLOB addresses issues encountered by traditional methods. Its optimized workflow offers a replicable framework for future AR-based language learning applications, especially for complex scripts. BIPLOB paves the way for immersive and effective early language acquisition through the transformative power of AR technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews the potential applications of the metaverse to various areas of human resource development (HRD) and reflects on the applications' significance for employee and organizational development. Adopting a narrative review approach to this study, we selected and reviewed 34 cases. From our review, we found several findings that contributes to the HRD field in several ways. First, it draws the attention of HRD researchers and practitioners to a critical emerging trend that has been overlooked in the field. Second, it offers an analytical view of the metaverse in comparison to other training or learning technologies, assessing its effectiveness in employee development. Third, this study enhances the perspectives of HRD researchers and practitioners regarding this new technology by providing practical and theoretical insights into how metaverse-based interventions can reshape organizational culture and improve employee performance in the workplace. Lastly, it addresses compelling theoretical and practical questions related to HRD issues arising from the metaverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study evaluates the feasibility of an augmented reality (AR) head-mounted device (HMD) displaying a dynamic navigation system (DNS) in the surgical site for fiber postremoval in maxillary molars and compares it to the DNS technique. Fifty maxillary first molars were divided into 2 groups: AR HMD + DNS (n = 25) and DNS (n = 25). The palatal canal was restored with RelyX fiber post (3M ESPE) luted with RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE). A core buildup was performed using Paracore (Coltene/Whaledent). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken before and after postremoval. The drilling trajectory and depth were planned under X-guide software (X-Nav Technologies, Lansdale, PA). For the AR HMD + DNS group, the AR HMD (Microsoft HoloLens 2) displayed the DNS in the surgical site. The three dimensional (3D) deviations (Global coronal deviation [GCD] and global apical deviation [GAD]) and angular deflection (AD) were calculated. The number of mishaps and operating time were recorded. Fiber post was removed from all samples (50/50). The AR HMD + DNS was more accurate than DNS, showing significantly lower GCD and GAD deviations and AD (P <.05). No mishap was detected. The AR HMD + DNS was as efficient in time as DNS (P >.05). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the AR HMD can safely display DNS in the surgical site for fiber post-removal in maxillary molars. AR HMD improved the DNS accuracy. Both AR HMD + DNS and DNS were time-efficient for fiber postremoval in maxillary molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the rapid advancement and societal implications of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies, along with artificial intelligence (AI). Topics include the increasing integration of VR/AR into daily life through devices like Apple's Vision Pro headset, the development of immersive metaverses by companies like Meta Platforms, and philosophical debates on the potential for virtual reality to redefine human experience and identity.

Utilization of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines is crucial in modern manufacturing. Nevertheless, enhancing the skills of CNC machine operators remains a challenge in education and training. In response, the solution involves designing learning materials that simulate the machining process, particularly in innovative CNC learning integrated with Augmented Reality (AR) technology. The research utilizes the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) model, encompassing steps like concept development, design, material collection, assembly, testing, and distribution. AR devices deliver additional visual information to CNC lathe students. The research results in learning materials using augmented reality to present 3D visualizations through markers, creating object representations to train 2-axis CNC lathes. These materials, designed as 3D virtual objects, offer real-time practicum experiences to learners. Black box testing confirms the effective implementation of augmented reality in CNC lathe training, providing cost savings in practicum materials and cutting tools during repeated testing on a 2-axis CNC lathe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological progress has brought about modifications in the educational process. This transformation has led to numerous technological innovations for supporting student learning, with smartphones being one of the prominent tools. Despite the widespread use, students have primarily used smartphones for online gaming and social media, leading to a decline in the effectiveness for educational purposes. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how students in electronics engineering education responded to a novel technology, augmented reality (AR), when integrated into the fundamental learning process, in order to maximize the utility of smartphones. A cross-sectional survey approach with a quantitative methodology comprising 101 students in the field of electronics engineering education in higher education institutions in Indonesia was adopted. Data were collected through a questionnaire, which was subsequently analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method with SmartPLS 3 software. Additionally, this study used Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering method to examine the influence of each cluster values on the others. The analytical results showed that Computational Thinking Skill (CTS) of students significantly impacted Actual System Use (ASU) of AR. Furthermore, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) of this technology played crucial roles as mediators in ASU of AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetics is the fundamental framework for comprehending biological principles in secondary education. Nevertheless, the intricate nature and conceptualization of genetics pose several challenges for students, leading to difficulties in comprehension. The present study attempted to enhance students' mastery of genetic concepts by implementing a Mobile Augmented Reality Genetics (MAR-Gen) application inside the learning process35T.35T The study employed a mixed-methods approach and was conducted on experts, biology teachers, and 120 respondents in their final year of high school. The respondents were allocated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received instruction integrating mobile learning, whereas the control group received instruction using teaching methods that did not incorporate the mobile learning media. The findings indicated that the students in the experimental group achieved superior scores in genetics content compared to those in the control group. This study showed that mobile learning media could enhance genetic concept mastery and elicit a favourable student reaction. This study provides valuable mobile applications in biology education to enhance high school students' understanding of genetic concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crime scene investigation training and education has to address specific problem solving and psychomotor skills. • AR technology could improve current training and education approaches when used as a supplementary tool. • Potential challenges and considerations are highlighted that are to be explored before implementing AR technology. The role of the crime scene investigator is complex, and investigators need to be able to conduct multiple frequently performed tasks. Appropriate training and education are critical to impart the crime scene investigator with the necessary capabilities. For a range of reasons, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for multi-disciplinary capabilities, training and education requirements have evolved in recent times to be more flexible and accessible. The skills of a crime scene investigator can be broadly categorised into two types of fundamental skills: decision-making and psychomotor skills. Both these skills need to be taught and assessed within training and education programs. The most common approach to impart these skills is by incorporating a crime scene simulation facility; however, not everyone has access to these facilities. Furthermore, crime scene staff often undertake refresher courses and are required to complete proficiency assessments. Conducting these activities in a dedicated crime scene simulation facility is time consuming and costly. Virtual tools have been developed in recent years to address this, but these tools only assess decision-making skills and not psychomotor skills. This paper argues that the implementation of augmented reality (AR) technology should be considered in crime scene investigator training and university education, because it can provide significant advantages when paired with conventional methods of training and education. When appropriately managed, AR can provide an avenue of training where both decision-making and psychomotor skills can be addressed simultaneously, while providing a more flexible and accessible approach. The implementation of AR has the potential to significantly improve the standards of teaching, resulting in better equipped crime scene investigators. The paper will explore how AR has the potential to improve accessibility of training, increase safety, enhance the student experience, enhance collaboration and feedback through connectivity and potentially reduce cost. This paper will also provide an insight into what would need to be considered before implementing AR technology into crime scene investigation training and education alongside current approaches. It is argued that the inclusion of AR into the current training and education arsenal provides significant benefits that are worthy of exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the explosion of video based information proliferating in the world due to the ubiquitous usage of video cameras the amount of video based information that is currently being generated around the world is huge. And due to security purposes it is becoming imperative that these video data needs to be stored in computer memory for an extended period of time for referrals by security agencies. Because of the advancement of imaging technologies that is being used nowadays it is possible to capture extremely detailed high definition images. But it is not physically possible to store all these high-definition images in computer memories for a long time because infrastructure providers will run out of memory. Image compression is a technology which assists us in this regard. Nowadays this technology has moved from image compression to video compression to compression of 3- dimensional videos which is now becoming more and more popular due to the ever increasing usage of Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Ec The quantity of image data produced in modern surveillance networks is rising exponentially year on year which necessitated development of novel schemes for reducing the sizes of the images captured by CCTV cameras while not compromising on the image quality increases when the images are decompressed. This paper proposed a novel Deep Neural Network based method of compressing images in which the image accuracy is not lost but the space it occupies in the memory storage of the computes is reduced greatly compared to other image compression schemes, this proposed scheme is best suited for usage in CCTVs and other networks using Internet of Things which record images and videos continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a problem-based mobile augmented reality (AR) application to enhance creative problem-solving skills among undergraduate students. The research involves an experiment conducted on a sample group of 30 undergraduate students enrolled in the maintenance of computers and audio-visual equipment course, selected through a simple random sampling method. The instruments used in the study included structured interview questions, needs assessment questionnaires, quality evaluation of mobile applications, evaluation of the learning plan, measurement of creative problem-solving ability, and satisfaction surveys. The data obtained were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, dependent t-test, and effect size statistics. The findings demonstrated that the developed mobile application achieved the highest quality level, with an average value of 4.62 (SD = 0.64). The mobile application efficiency reached 75.48 out of 75.16, meeting the established threshold of 75 out of 75. Using the mobile application led to statistically significant improvements in creative problem-solving skills after the learning process, with scores higher than those before learning at the 0.05 level. The effect size was 6.61, indicating a large impact. Additionally, student satisfaction with the mobile application was reported as the highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontogenic cysts are commonly seen in clinical practice. Surgical enucleation of these cysts becomes challenging when they form adjacent to anatomically important structures. Recently, computer-assisted surgery using computer-aided preoperative simulation and augmented reality (AR) has been applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The authors have introduced a new AR system that eliminates the need for markers and uses image recognition of the teeth to overlay the surgical field with preoperative surgical simulation images. This report describes two cases of cystectomy performed using an AR-assisted system, one for recurrent odontogenic keratocyst and the other for a dentigerous cyst. The teeth were scanned using a 3D intraoral scanner, while the face was scanned using a computed tomography scanner. A 3D reconstructed image of the mandible was generated, and a dentofacial skeleton model was designed using the intraoral and CT scan data. A camera was used to capture the clinical image and validate the AR. Two cystectomy cases performed using the AR-assisted system and preoperative planning are reported. This new AR system, which eliminates the need for markers and uses image recognition of the teeth to overlay the surgical field with preoperative surgical simulation images, has the potential to provide more accurate and efficient guidance during surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the applicability of Augmented Reality (AR) and Spatial Computing in hospital environments, exploring how these technologies can enhance interaction between patients and healthcare professionals as well as the efficiency of medical procedures. Through a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology, relevant articles highlighting the potential of these technologies in the hospital setting were selected and analysed. The results suggest a growing adoption of AR and Spatial Computing, driven by the advancement of 5G technology, with the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, the effectiveness of surgical procedures, and the educational experience of healthcare professionals. The study concludes that the integration of these emerging technologies promises to transform hospital environments, emphasising the need to overcome technical, ethical, and privacy challenges to maximise their positive impact on health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the next frontier in wireless technology, 6G represents the sixth generation of mobile communication. Expected to surpass the capabilities of 5G, 6G aims to provide unprecedented data speeds, ultra-low latency, and enhanced connectivity, unlocking new possibilities for advanced technologies like augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things. It intertwines seamlessly with the Metaverse, a digital universe where users can interact with computer-generated environments, objects, and other users in real-time high-performance computing. This research attempts to explore the transformative domain of Metaverse integration in 6G Networks, delving into the potential landscape with a keen focus on emerging prerequisites, key performance indicators (KPIs), and future opportunities in the HPC environment. The integration of 6G and the metaverse signifies a fundamental shift in connectivity and user experiences, offering assurances of heightened data speeds, decreased latency, and inventive applications. Within this framework, the article introduces the all-encompassing structure of 6G Cloudification and Cloud Native Technologies, highlighting the critical role played by sophisticated cloud technologies in shaping the evolution of the metaverse ensuring the scalability, flexibility, and efficiency required to support the dynamic nature of immersive digital experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended reality (XR) enables both new opportunities but also introduces new barriers for inclusion in society. Furthermore, XR is less researched than web, desktop and mobile applications. This position paper presents the concept of an XR platform for inclusion, with the purpose to make people on the autism spectrum and with other disabilities, more independent of help from others in everyday life situations. Based on previous research, our position is that, through current and future XR technologies combined with civic and artificial intelligence, it is possible to create individually personalised support for this purpose, grounded in practice to ensure validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this systematic review of the literature is to identify, analyze and synthesize the findings found in the last 10 years regarding the issue of AR in academic health programs and to know the impact it has on students' learning. At the methodological level, the databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct were consulted, inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for the selection of the most relevant articles, methodological quality and relevance were analyzed. As a result, 16 articles suggest that AR has a positive impact on health disciplines, by fostering greater interactivity, motivation, understanding of concepts, acquisition of skills, retention of knowledge and personalization of learning. The systematic review concludes that further scientific evidence is needed to determine the effectiveness of AR in learning and its impact on the development of competences and learning outcomes in current education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are still many mechanical engineering students who are passive in learning activities. The aim of this research is to create Mobile Augmented Reality to provide contextual problems to mechanical engineering students. So, students can imagine and be active in learning. The method used is 4D development (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). Apart from that, it uses quantitative research to influence the use of mobile augmented reality. Next is qualitative research to analyze the use of mobile augmented reality. The conclusion of this research states that there is a significant influence on the activeness and creativity of mechanical engineering students after developing and using mobile augmented reality in mathematics learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, digital twins (DT), and augmented reality (AR) to raise awareness and disseminate the use of digital services within the INICTEL-UNI institutional project financed by the Inter-American Development Bank to strengthen technological services and satisfy the technological needs of companies, promoting digital transformation in Peru. Within various fields, such as technical education, construction, and manufacturing, challenges are faced related to the adoption of advanced technologies and the need to improve efficiency. The main objective of this paper is to implement an IoT control and visualization system with DT and AR in a digital transformation space. A system is shown to create a technological demonstrator environment that visualizes and monitors sensor data on physical IoT devices in real time, allowing users to interact and operate them through an ESP32 module with data transmission with the MQTT protocol and an AR application developed in Unity and Vuforia. The study results successfully demonstrated the efficiency of real-time communication between the IoT device and the AR application, as well as the efficient ability to perform tasks, validated by users with no prior experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) technology has emerged as a highly beneficial tool in the educational context, and its potential impact on chemical engineering teaching is notable. This study addresses AR as an accessible and effective alternative for representing complex concepts and safely visualizing industrial processes in the area. By incorporating immersive resources, AR provides an innovative means of teaching and promotes greater engagement among students, contributing to improved learning and the development of interpersonal, investigation, and autonomy skills. This study systematically reviews the literature on the application of augmented reality in chemical engineering. Twenty-two articles in the Scopus and Web of Science databases were chosen, and a bibliometric analysis was used to extract the data in the discussions. The results highlighted the success of AR applications, predominantly employed in disciplines such as molecular chemistry, unit operations, transport phenomena, and practical chemistry. Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, were the most common means of implementing these applications. The positive perception of students and teachers was evident, with both agreeing that the integration of AR contributed significantly to improving learning and facilitated the understanding of more challenging concepts. As a result of this research, a framework was developed that outlines the steps necessary to develop AR applications to teach chemical engineering effectively. This framework can serve as a valuable guide for future initiatives in this field, providing a solid framework for creating and successfully implementing AR-based educational resources. • This study performs a systematic review to map existing emerging trends in AR in chemical engineering education. • Assesses AR's impact on chemical engineering, emphasizing its role in boosting comprehension and skill acquisition. • Examine the literature to assess student and teacher satisfaction with the use of AR in chemical engineering education. • It proposes a methodological framework for implementing and evaluating educational solutions in AR in chemical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have significantly progressed in recent years, revolutionizing a diverse set of industries, mainly the industrial metaverse in cultural heritage and the cultural and creative sectors. In the context of social manufacturing, there's a pronounced need for platforms that foster collaboration. This paper introduces a collaborative AR/VR platform for social manufacturing, emphasizing the need for a co-creation environment. This platform supports real-time customized fabrication of 3D objects through rapid manufacturing within an AR/VR-based collaborative framework, further enhancing shared awareness in social manufacturing endeavors. The platform provides a robust toolkit for AR/VR applications that enables real-time interaction with virtual entities and seamless integration with the backend databases of online marketplaces. Designed to be universally adaptable, the toolkit is indifferent to the type of database it interacts with, and can function on a wide range of platforms including Web VR, Mobile AR, and HoloLens AR. A use case involving a reference chair model demonstrates the toolkit's capabilities, highlighting its potential to transform experiences within AR/VR landscapes. By offering a seamless fusion of digital content within physical environments, this AR/VR toolkit signifies a considerable advancement towards the intersection of digital and physical realities, paving the way of immersive experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the most crucial sector of the Indian economy. Lately, there has been a surge in the usage of technologies like deep learning and computer vision to make the process of agriculture modern and consequently, lessening the mistakes related to conventional processes. This work delivers a user-friendly, accessible, and novel approach for the detection, counting, and grading of tomatoes found on a farm. An Augmented Reality (AR) based mobile application is developed to obtain the images efficiently from a tomato farm in the pre-harvest stage subjected to open situations. The proposed approach uses Faster RCNN, a convolutional neural network model for detection of tomatoes from the input image on a large scale. The proposed model is trained and tested using 2083 images. The results are then analyzed for the overall performance of detection, segmentation, and classification of tomatoes. The results have examined the efficiency of the proposed mobile application and demonstrate the robustness it exhibits for the detection, grading and yield prediction of Tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the utilization of total shoulder arthroplasty continues to grow, surgeons are facing increasingly complex reconstructive challenges both in the primary and revision settings. Proper implant positioning, particularly of the glenoid, is paramount to achieving a good result and avoiding devastating complications and early failure. Historically, surgeons have been able to use plain radiographs and 2-dimensional computed tomography (CT) for preoperative planning. Recently, preoperative planning software based on 3-dimensional CT (3D CT) has revolutionized the surgeons' ability to visualize glenoid deformity and bone stock, plan corrective procedures for abnormal version, and visualize component position. Commercially available preoperative templating software based on 3D CT has been shown to be more accurate and reliable than 2D CT in calculating glenoid version and inclination, and accurately predicts implant size. Patient-specific instrumentation can be developed from the 3D reconstruction, allowing surgeons to accurately execute the preoperative plan and implant the prosthesis to match a patient's unique anatomy. Robotic-assisted surgery, intraoperative navigation, and augmented reality technology show promise in providing real-time intraoperative feedback in order to maximize surgical accuracy and efficiency while ultimately improving patient-reported outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the difficulty of chemical compounds to visualize, augmented reality (AR) integrated with mobile learning has been developed as an alternative media for studying chemistry. This study aims to analyze the use of AR-integrated mobile learning in chemistry education from a bibliometric perspective in the last decade. A total of 225 articles were retrieved and analyzed from the Scopus database in the period from January 2012 to September 2022. The results of the analysis indicated that in the range of 2012-2022, the highest number of publications occurred in 2021, with the United States as the most productive country with a total of 54 publications, followed by China, Indonesia, and Japan. Wojciechowski, R., is the most frequently cited author, followed by Cai, S. "Augmented reality" is the keyword that appears most frequently in publications. This study presents useful findings that can serve as a guide for educators, scholars, policymakers, and educational designers for future research or reference in this area regarding current trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Computer-assisted design and computer-assisted modeling (CAD/CAM), virtual surgical planning (VSP) and augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) aid our ability to plan and perform complex craniofacial procedures. This study seeks to define the role of the aforementioned techniques in the separation of craniopagus conjoined twins. Six teams were identified who had successfully performed craniopagus twin separation with the use of CAD/CAM, VSP and/or AR/VR. Surgeons involved in separating craniopagus twins have increasingly utilized tools such as CAD/CAM models, VSP and AR/VR to plan and execute successful separation, and these tools are associated with higher success rates than historical controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As social work is one of the fastest growing professions, it is crucial to provide future practitioners with the skills and tools needed to address global challenges. As a part of this initiative, social workers must be given the opportunity to take a leading role in the decision-making regarding the use of technologies such as the metaverse in the education of the next generation of social workers. To aid in this process, this article provides an overview of the metaverse and highlights its educational potential. A social work implication for the development of the metaverse can expose students of social work to opportunities to practice with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities without being limited by time and location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exponential growth of data demand and the advent of 5G networks, the need for efficient resource allocation algorithms has become paramount. This study presents a dynamic resource allocation algorithmic framework aimed at optimizing efficiency and performance in 5G networks. The framework focuses on frequency reuse at the edges while employing fractional pilots for enhanced spectrum utilization. 5G networks promise unprecedented speeds and low latency, enabling a wide array of applications from IoT to augmented reality. However, the efficient allocation of resources remains a challenge, especially at the network edges where interference is high. Traditional static resource allocation schemes fail to adapt to dynamic network conditions, leading to suboptimal performance. The main challenge lies in effectively managing resources to meet the diverse demands of various applications while mitigating interference and maximizing spectral efficiency. The proposed framework employs a dynamic resource allocation algorithm that adapts to changing network conditions in real-time. Leveraging fractional pilots, the algorithm optimizes frequency reuse at the network edges, thereby enhancing spectral efficiency. The framework integrates stochastic learning for predictive analytics to anticipate resource demands and interference patterns. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in spectral efficiency and network performance compared to traditional static allocation methods. The utilization of fractional pilots effectively reduces interference, enabling higher throughput and lower latency, especially at the network edges. The dynamic nature of the algorithm ensures adaptability to varying traffic loads, leading to enhanced overall network efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and environmental sustainability require effective environmental education and sustainable behaviour promotion. It studies how VR and AR may teach sustainability, focusing on green energy and sustainable practices. This qualitative study analyses how VR and AR alter behaviour and environmental awareness. This comprehensive study examines how VR and AR technology affects sustainability education from the perspectives of students, professors, and professionals from many fields. VR and AR's revolutionary potential in environmental education is examined by 30 handpicked participants. The study found that these tools provide immersive learning that combines theory and practice. Their ability to educate, empower, and raise environmental consciousness is valued by students, professors, and staff. VR and AR promote sustainable living and environmental causes. Participants are hopeful about their future roles, demonstrating VR/AR's growing importance in education and sustainability. Teamwork, quality material, and ongoing learning are needed to address affordability, accessibility, and inclusion. In this study, educators, policymakers, and scholars learn how immersive technology might make society more sustainable and eco-friendlier. It stresses the power of VR and AR in sustainability education to empower individuals and benefit the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]