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This paper treats aspects concerning the evolution of turnover, costs and profitability in the furniture production sector. The purpose of the paper is to establish a certain link between the indicators presented in the financial statements prepared to the entities in the field of wood processing. In order to achieve such correlations, we will study the indicators of the Romanian entities whose object of activity is the production of furniture, with certain restrictions. The profitability of these types of entities has a sinuous aspect during the financial year, and expenditures on raw materials (timber, plywood) and consumables represent about 50% of sales in a given accounting period. The share of costs in sales made in a given period must not exceed 30% in this sector in order to ensure minimum profitability. We will use the case study method, the graphic method and other tools to highlight the evolution of turnover and costs in the field of wood processing. The study will be conducted on a number of approximately 2000 entities, regardless of whether they record a loss or profit for a given financial year. A specific aspect is the reverse charge operation that is used for the purchase of timber, as there are high tax risks in terms of value added tax. In this sense, we will provide excerpts from the VAT return and from the informative declaration regarding the deliveries / services and purchases made on the national territory. In this way we will present the correlations that must exist between the tax forms, as well as the existing correlations with the purchase journal and the sales journal. In the case of the furniture production sector, the stocks of finished products, raw materials and consumables are of particular importance, as their efficient management must be ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was written to address the use of waste materials in the recreation of practical upcycle furniture. And Up cycling has been implemented as one of the methods of environmental protection by making useful items from waste and recycled resources in Jordan. This paper will concentrate on UOP design students, the Faculty of Architecture and Design. Focused to find the ideal use of up-cycle material that could play a role in developing solutions for interesting and interactive furniture design by incorporating a good function into it. The basic purpose of this paper is therefore to give students the opportunity to design items with a potential for widespread social, environmental and economic benefits, and to enhance public understanding of the issues of up-cycle furniture and re-use materials, and then to direct students who wish to explore the issues of recycling and re-use within their own context. This study was focused on the experimental method and using a descriptive theoretical methodology, the University of Petra Students in two departments (38 students in interior design and 18 students in graphic design) collaborated with instructors to create new works based on waste materials) in three experiments (2011 first and second semesters in interior design and 2016 second semesters in graphic design). The students used fourteen samples from all three studies, from new materials, principles, ideas and works of art that could be used by the Jordanian Community through waste materials design or to create dialogue on the appropriation of images and artefacts for transformational purposes. There are 14 examples selected to define and evaluate. All the challenges and factors to be considered in the design of up-cycled materials that can be implemented to make better and more productive use of them, especially in interior spaces. Environmental problems in design are also listed as part of the interpretation of the importance of this report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opera has gone from a cherished vehicle for royal and aristocratic socializing to a forum for cultural experiences open to everybody. At least for those of us who can afford a ticket. This paper presents findings regarding the transition of audience revenues from the renting out of boxes and seats for all performances during one season to the aristocracy to a much larger share of tickets sold for single performances to a more general audience. Although it was a long, drawn-out process, it seems that the French Revolution was a tipping point not only for the French opera houses, but for those in other European countries as well. Possible pull factors for the much increased bourgeoisie demand are discussed. They include the general economic growth, stable ticket prices, technological evolution, changes in repertoire, the social identification factor, conspicuous consumption, and the new ‘celebrity industry’. This story is told based on primary data collected in the archives belonging to the Opéra National de Paris, Kungliga Operan in Stockholm, Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels, Teatro Regio in Turin and Königliche Preussische Hofoper in Berlin. Secondary sources are used to describe what occurred in opera venues in London. The paper also includes information on how seats were sold, who rented boxes annually, box office revenues and on the share of these revenues in the opera revenues. The study ranges from 1750 to 1824. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online furniture rental platforms are expanding choice and convenience, allowing customers to rent from a wide array of providers with the click of a button or tap of a finger. The business of online furniture rental is undergoing rapid change as new online platforms race to capture markets and customers across most of the metropolitan cities in India. The paper aims to investigate attributes for online furniture rental platforms by proposing and empirically testing platform attributes-conversion model, examine how platform characteristics influence the renting decision of a consumer and how it subsequently lead to conversion. A mix method design was adopted for the study and a pilot study comprising of 341 respondents was carried out. The study focuses on six key attributes - occupational mobility, psychological ownership, complementary services, social gratification, perceived value, and customization, while identifying the most important attributes for renting furniture online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The London Blitz was a catalyst for national state control of the entire commodity network for furniture; the only wartime commodity for which this was done. The Utility furniture scheme sought to manage material shortages and combat profiteering in the markets for new and second-hand furniture. It also responded to the vulnerability of the nation's furniture producers, which were disproportionately concentrated in and around London. Set against the immorality of indiscriminate bombing of civilian populations and illegal practices on the 'black market', the Utility scheme prescribed new moral geographies of equitable distribution based on need, of consumer rights protection, and of improvements to labour conditions and wages. The paper intervenes into debates about the social construction of moral geographies by examining the collective institutional response of the Utility scheme and the manner in which it sought to provision wartime homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present, there are some problems in Chinese furniture production industry, such as low production efficiency, low accuracy, and lack of innovation for products. To resolve those problems, an AI management system is developed to improve the product quality and production efficiency in furniture enterprises in this paper. The AI management system is an organic body consisted of a data management system and an expert system. The model of information transmission and control for furniture manufacture by AI management is developed. It provides technical solutions for the AI application in furniture manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights • We examine the power constellations of wood furniture actors under FLEGT. • FLEGT entrenches pre-existing inequalities and produces new modes of elite capture. • Legality verification drives new practices of renting out FLEGT licenses by larger producers. • Legality verification produces new opportunities for financial gain for larger firms. • Renting legality creates a new form of control over the market for large firms. Abstract Over the past few decades, transnational and supranational market-based forest governance systems have been developed to address the complex problems associated with deforestation, by improving the legality and sustainability of timber traded in global markets. This is catalysed by the increasing global production and consumption of timber products and increasing sensitivity of interest groups to how timber products are produced. A broad range of actors is involved in global production networks. This paper discusses how hierarchies and networks of power across the timber production network are encountered and negotiated. More specifically, it investigates the power constellations of wood furniture actors in Indonesia, nested within global production networks: who holds the power, how power is gained and maintained, and who wins and loses over time. Using the case of the timber legality assurance system in the context of the European Union Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) initiative, we demonstrate that legality verification in Indonesia is both entrenching pre-existing inequitable power relations while producing new modes of elite capture. Legality verification requires new knowledge and additional costs that are sometimes beyond the capacity of certain (particularly smaller) furniture manufacturers operators. This has driven a new practice of renting out FLEGT licenses by larger producers/manufacturers to smaller ones in the country. Although the practice implies potential risks (e.g. fines), large companies in Indonesia manage risk by drawing from pre-existing patronage relations. They also appear to find the risk worthwhile, as it produces financial gain but moreover, a new form of control over the market. Meanwhile, small operators and artisanal producers that still aspire to global markets face disproportionate challenges to engage in legality and are becoming more vulnerable as a result of new legality measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1960s, woodworker Wendell Castle began making the biomorphic, stack-laminated furniture that would make him one of the best-known American furniture makers of the twentieth century. Today, Castle reengages with this aesthetic using contemporary digital fabrication tools. This paper engages with these two phases of Castle’s work through an examination of the cultural utility of his pieces to changing conceptions of American corporate culture. The conserved form in Castle’s furniture demonstrates an interest in individualism and organicism that started in the 1960s and continues today, while the change in production emphasizes an expanding focus on individualism from corporate management toward manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museum objects are often highly complex and composed of materials with varying properties, some of which may have changed as a result of ageing and/or conservation treatments. Research into defining sustainable environmental conditions by balancing energy cost and risk to these vulnerable objects has mainly focused on experiments in laboratories with new, single materials or on computer modelling, but only to a limited extent on actual objects. This paper presents a method to collect empirical data from a large group of decorated wooden panels in order to investigate the effects of humidity fluctuations on these objects and relate them to their material properties and construction. Wooden panels were chosen as they are regarded to be particularly sensitive to fluctuations in relative humidity. The fluctuations may cause the wood to shrink and swell and can result in open glue joints, cracks, and deformation of the panels as well as losses and cracks in the decorative layers. Empirical data are scarcely available as yet but are essential to study relationships between material properties, type of construction, damage, and as input and validation for modelling and experimental studies. The method, referred to as the Rijksmuseum Study, was performed on a group of 300 objects from the furniture and paintings collections of the Rijksmuseum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceiling fans may cool room occupants very efficiently, but the air speeds experienced in the occupied zone are inherently non-uniform. Designers should be aware of several generic flow patterns when positioning ceiling fans in a room. Key to these are the fan jet itself and lateral spreading near the floor. Adding workstation furniture redirects the jet's airflow laterally in a deeper spreading zone, making room air flows more complex but potentially increasing the cooling experienced by the occupants. This paper presents the first evaluation of the effects of tables and workstation partitions on a room's generic air flow and comfort profiles. In a test room with a ceiling fan, we moved five anemometers mounted in a “tree” at heights of 0.1, 0.6, 0.75, 1.1, and 1.7 m to sample a dense measurement grid of 7 rows and 6 columns. We tested five different table and partition configurations and compared them to the empty room base case. From the results we propose a simplified model of room airflow under ceiling fans, useful for positioning fans and workstation furniture. We also present comfort contours measured in two ways that have comfort standards implications. The measured data are publicly available on the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooring-system designs may be sensitive in terms of their vibrational performance due the risk that serviceability-limit-state problems may be encountered. For evaluating the vibrational performance of a flooring system at the design stage, decisions must be made by the engineer in charge of computations. Passive humans and/or furniture are often present on a floor. Typically, these masses and their way of interacting with the floor mass are ignored in predictions of vibrational behaviour of the flooring system. Utilizing a shell finite-element model, the paper explores and quantifies how non-structural mass can influence central parameters describing the dynamic behaviour of the flooring system with focus on elevated non-structural mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a comprehensive technical study of the French Renaissance furniture in The Frick Collection, New York, USA, which includes a remarkable group of 15 pieces - tables, dressoirs, and chairs - said to be from sixteenth-century France. All came from the celebrated collection of Maurice Chabrière-Arlès, a well-known French collector of the second half of the nineteenth century. The study of French Renaissance furniture is complex for multiple reasons including the lack of objects with a secure provenance, and because alterations, over-restoration, embellishments, and fakes are ubiquitous. At the Frick a re-evaluation of the collection was undertaken, which examined various construction methods, evidence from tool marks, and restoration, including analysis of hardware and of remnants of surface coatings. This close and lengthy scrutiny of selected pieces of furniture permits distinction of authentic elements from later reproductions and answers questions of authentication. Through the discussion on a sixteenth-century dressoir this paper also illustrates how the study of provenance allows for a more informed and nuanced evaluation of material evidence. As a result, this research provides new insights into sixteenth-century furniture making and nineteenth-century restoration practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the coordination of setup times in a two-stage production system. The problem is derived from a furniture plant, where there are two consecutive departments including cutting and painting departments. Items with the same levels of both attributes are grouped into a single batch in advance. A sequence-dependent setup time is required in a stage when a new batch has a different level of attribute from the previous one. The objective is to minimize the total setup time. In this paper, we first propose a simple dispatching rule called the Least Flexibility with Setups (LFS) rule. The LFS rule can yield a solution better than an existing genetic algorithm while using much less computation time. Using the LFS rule as both the initial solution method and the heuristic desirability, an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is developed to further improve the solution. Computational experiments show that the proposed ACO algorithm is quite effective in finding the near-optimal solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: There has been an upsurge of geographical work tracing globalised flows of commodities in the wake of call to ‘follow the things’. This paper engages with calls to follow the thing but argues that work thus far has been concentrated, first, on global flows from developing world producers to developed world consumers, and, second, on things that remain stable as they circulate. This paper instead argues that ‘follow the thing’ research needs to also attend to flows ‘down’ the value chain, from developed to less developed worlds, and to things that are either coming apart or being disassembled. The case presented here is end-of-life ships, sent to be broken in less developed countries, as most are, in this case in Bangladesh. It looks at how the arts of transience re-work materials from rubbish value ships into new forms and objects in the household furnishing sector, which are then appropriated by Bangladeshi middle class consumers. Far from being a minor feature this is shown to be empirically a significant component of the Bangladeshi economy. Theoretically the paper challenges many habitual assumptions about global flows of commodities and urges ‘follow the thing’ research to rethink the thing. Paying attention to the back-end of the value chain shows that things are but temporary configurations of material. At best partially stable, things are argued to be endlessly being assembled, always becoming something else somewhere else. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The application of particleboard involves specific qualities that the crude particleboard does not have. All particleboards are not suitable for all applications, especially boards destined for the furniture. Panels should have resistance to scratch, abrasion, and cigarette burns. Therefore, panels are suggested to be coated with overlays for furniture or paneling. In this study, effects of type of overlay, weight of raw decor paper, thickness and type of veneer, and thickness of continuous press laminate (CPL) on the resistances to cigarette burns, scratch and abrasion were investigated. The highest scratch and abrasion resistances were obtained from CPL-coated particleboards while the boards coated with lacquered paint had the lowest values. The results showed that while the raw paper weight, CPL and veneer thickness and type of veneer did not affect the properties, type of surface coating material was found to be effective on the properties. It was stated that CPL was resistant to the cigarette burns, while the other overlays were not. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper discusses an ongoing treatment and research project focused on a group of black lacquer furniture created in China during the late eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries, now in the Winterthur Museum collection in Delaware, USA. Funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) allowed for a two-year collaborative project encompassing treatment and analytical study of a selection of six objects, of which three are illustrated here. Data from pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed a hitherto undetected separate urushiol lacquer–layer applied on top of a laccol layer on a center table and a six-panel screen. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When evaluating impact sound insulation of dwellings, including frequencies below 50 Hz has been reported to improve the correlation between the measurements and the occupants' rating of annoyance from footstep noise. To determine the impact sound insulation, the reverberation time of the receiving room must be considered, a procedure that may introduce large errors at low frequencies. If it can be shown that normal furniture does not affect the absorption (and thereby neither the reverberation time), the reverberation time below 50 Hz could be omitted in the evaluation of impact sound insulation. This would improve the measurement accuracy of the impact sound insulation and simplify the measurement procedure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent fully furnished rooms for residential purposes affect the reverberation time. Measurements are conducted using the integrated impulse response method in two empty and furnished bedrooms of different construction. Due to the potential errors in the reverberation time measurement, sound pressure level was measured for comparison. No statistically significant absorption difference due to furniture could be found at frequencies below 50 Hz, neither for the measured reverberation times nor the difference in sound pressure level. As a consequence, impact sound insulation may be evaluated without any reverberation measurement below 50 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Megaron is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building materials are considered as the major sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indoors. During the interior construction process, different building materials are introduced into a room at different times. However, little attention has been paid to the phased material introduction during the interior construction process and the possible implication of this characteristic. In this paper, field measurements were conducted in a new apartment in Beijing from the beginning of interior construction to completion as a case study. A total of five construction stages namely the putty, wall paint, door and doorframe, cupboard, furniture had been measured. Chemical compositions and the concentration variation patterns during the interior construction process were obtained. The VOC concentrations exhibited a pattern of step changes, which suggested the necessity of considering the phased introduction of building materials during interior construction process in indoor VOC modeling. The measured VOC variation patterns could also be used to identify indoor emission sources under certain circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we examine contemporary news presentation, noting some of the discursive and textual features as broadcasters endeavour to capture and hold target audiences in an intensely competitive and connected environment. Drawing on notion of ‘remediation’ we examine how the news studio and presentation style has begun to borrow artefacts and language styles that resemble the domestic sphere in layout and discourse. We begin by noting the increasing use of domestic furniture from which news is presented before then examining how the presenters in a particular news program present a newspaper review section during the program. What is notable here is the way the presenters do not stick to the topical news stories of the day but use the stories to touch off further personal stories about themselves, and which take up most of the allocated time slot. In the final section we examine how this level of informality is utilised in integrating viewer comments and feedback into the going interaction maintaining a level of synchronicity of topical comment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

London's Tottenham Court Road has long been associated with the furniture business, but had its heyday between 1850 and 1950. This paper considers the furniture business in this street through a mix of retail business history and urban geography. It will attempt to show why this particular 'furniture street' developed as it did. Considerations of the networks or clusters of businesses associated with furniture-making assist in the analysis. The nature of the furniture industry and trade in the immediate area and the history of particular stores in the street as exemplars of the processes are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: There have been approximately 400 third sector organisations set up across the UK since the 1970s with the primary function of collecting used furniture and electrical appliances and re-distributing them for the relief of hardship. In addition to the resulting socio-economic outputs of these organisations, their role in diverting waste from landfill and increasing re-use and recycling rates raises their standing in the current political climate of high emphasis on improving waste management practices. This paper reports on the current size of the furniture and appliance re-use sector, how re-use organisations operate, and the level of re-use and recycling associated with their activities. It was found that significant improvements in the re-use rate of local authority bulky waste collection services may be obtained if a third sector re-use organisation takes over the service; where re-use organisations collect household bulky waste on behalf of the LA, a 40% re-use rate was achieved, compared to the 2–3% average of waste collection departments. In most areas of the UK, these two sectors are not well integrated at present and this results in potentially re-usable items being disposed of to landfill or incinerated. Establishing partnerships between the two sectors has the potential to benefit both but this will probably require system and culture changes. A significant current barrier is that LA waste management departments are hampered by the current (well-intended) quantitative waste management system coming into conflict with the unquantified, positive social value generated by the distribution of previously used bulky household items to disadvantaged groups by re-use organisations. If added to the environmental improvements and high quality of service provided by third sector-run services, the effort involved in setting up such partnerships may be regarded more favourably. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inquiry into how people experience environmental conditions at work is a growing area of study. Until the 1980s, there was insufficient research on 'workspaces' -and on office environments in particular -- to warrant review. Since that time, the range and number of studies of workspace have burgeoned. This paper will identify and review the main themes and findings of this area of research with the objective of defining basic parameters and prevailing theories of the environmental psychology of workspace. These will generate questions and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploration of the boundaries between 'polite' and 'vernacular', now topical among architectural historians, engages other disciplines too. This paper indicates that the majority of Scotland's common furniture in the eighteenth century was not completely distinguishable from its fashionable counterparts and suggests that both should be considered as part of a cultural continuum rather than seen in binary terms as fundamental opposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sinuous springs are the most commonly used method of seat support in upholstered furniture. The dynamics of load transference by these springs to the furniture flame members has not been thoroughly studied. Rational strength design of sinuous-type upholstered furniture flames, especially their seating support systems, requires information concerning the magnitudes and directions of spring loads on spring supporting rails. These values are important for frame designers to be able to adjust member sizes and materials and select appropriate fasteners. Presently, furniture design largely depends on trial and error. A load cell was conceived, designed, and verified which can determine horizontal and vertical components of a spring load. Preliminary results showed that the average initial spring tension on each load cell, with no external loading applied to the springs, was 46 lb. (205 N ) horizontal. For some situations, the horizontal load components actually decrease when a person comes to rest on the seat. Vertical and horizontal loading is greatest on the center three springs of the seat which used five, equally spaced springs in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this new globalised era there is an increasing demand in the developed world for environmental certification (Forestry Stewardship Council) of furniture and timber products. The imposition of this requirement has major implications for producers in developing countries. This paper examines this issue from a value chain perspective, exploring how certification requirements are driven through the links of the global furniture value chain. It does so by focusing on the dynamic underlying the spread of FSC certification through the furniture and timber industry in South Africa, and investigates the role of the various organisational ‘drivers’ of the system. In doing so it explores how developing country firms relate to these opportunities and pressures, drawing out the logistical implications, the costs and benefits, as well as the future for FSC certification. It concludes with a discussion of the role of buyers, agents, certification agencies and manufacturers in driving FSC certification through the wood products value chain in South Africa. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on the efforts of Staples Inc. to adopt the TAPPI Brightness Standard in providing office supplies, furniture and business services in Framingham, Massachusetts. Basis for comparing the quality of the products; Way of responding to the demands of the consumers; Measurement on the reflectance of the paper.