48 results
Search Results
2. Canada's oil sands in a carbon-constrained world.
- Author
-
Leach, Andrew
- Subjects
OIL sands ,OIL sands industry ,RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,ENDANGERED species - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (CFPJ) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. SMRs in Canada: federal-provincial cooperation in pursuing net-zero emissions.
- Author
-
Bratt, Duane
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,PETROLEUM pipelines ,CARBON taxes ,PROVINCIAL governments - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (CFPJ) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir.
- Author
-
Collier, Joe, MacLean, David A., D'Orangeville, Loïc, and Taylor, Anthony R.
- Subjects
BALSAM fir ,CLIMATE change ,FOREST regeneration ,FOREST canopies ,TREE mortality - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Visible and invisible forest: The cultivation of shade in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
- Author
-
Gill, Kamni
- Subjects
TREE planting ,URBAN trees ,PUBLIC spaces ,CLIMATE change ,URBAN plants - Abstract
A consideration of the site-specific spatial experience created by urban trees and their cultural dimensions can enrich climate adaptive tree planting strategies in Winnipeg, a city of 850,000 in the central prairies of Canada. The paper begins with an introduction to traditional urban tree planting types and analyses the range of tree planting techniques that currently define public spaces in Winnipeg. A review of the recently published Urban Forest Strategy for Winnipeg highlights current strengths and challenges to climate change related tree planting in the city. Urban tree planting strategies and practices demonstrate a focus on quantifiable goals such as canopy coverage, number of trees planted or ecosystem services, with little reference to how trees define places. However, cities are constituted by the visible forest -the form and patterns of how trees are planted and the spaces they create. They are also shaped by the invisible forest , the diverse ways in which trees evoke different functions, values, and modes of occupation to different people at different times. Two basic approaches to urban tree planting will enrich climate-related tree planting initiatives by synthesizing the visible and invisible dimensions of the urban forest: Prioritizing the collective planting of trees as opposed to the single specimen and acknowledging the cultural dimensions of trees. Two design propositions from students at University of Manitoba demonstrate how trees can articulate the diverse ways people interact with trees through their spatial configuration and planting techniques. One draws upon tree types that acknowledge local agricultural tree planting strategies and the second responds to historical and contemporary Indigenous relationships to riparian trees. Acknowledging the planting of trees as a complex interplay between spatial, ecological, and cultural specificity allows for the communication of new values for the design and stewardship of urban trees and the provision of shade in a climate adaptive city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Climate change and energy transition: Perceptions of emergency, responsibility, and the future imaginaries of Manitoban unionized workers.
- Author
-
Hudson, Mark
- Subjects
CLIMATE justice ,LABOR union members ,ENERGY futures ,ENVIRONMENTAL justice ,RESPONSIBILITY - Abstract
This paper explores the perceptions and future imaginaries of a group of union members in Manitoba, Canada, concerning climate change, energy transition, and the roles of unions and workers in climate politics. Based on interviews with 30 rank and file workers carried out through the winter of 2020, the results suggest some starting points for a more active engagement between the labour movement and climate politics—an engagement that is central to climate justice, and that becomes more vital every moment as workers both participate through their waged labour in the production of ecological crisis, and stand to suffer intensely from both climate change and from elite-led energy transitions. • Unionized workers broadly agree with the characterization of "climate emergency." • Participants connect to climate change through expanded spatial and temporal considerations. • There is broad agreement that climate change is a key consideration in unions' protective role. • Union workers' future imaginaries of energy transition do not frequently engage with "system change" narratives. • Union workers characterize transition as something done to, rather than by, workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Coalitions in a Multi-level Polity: The Climate Action Network in Canada and the United States.
- Author
-
Aunio, Anna-Liisa
- Subjects
RATIFICATION of treaties ,UNITED Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Protocols, etc., 1997 December 11 ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in Canada and non-ratification of the Protocol in the United States on the Climate Action Network (CAN). CAN is a longstanding transnational coalition of environmental organizations committed to effecting policy in order to mitigate the impact of dangerous climate change. This paper assesses the network theoretical impact of Canada's ratification and the U.S.'s non-ratification on domestic-level NGO relations and activities through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a network analysis of CAN relations within both contexts from 2001 to 2006. Data reveal that CAN Canada became more cohesive and institutionalized as a coalition during this time period, whereas US CAN remained a diffuse coalition and engaged in consensus mobilization as well as collective action mobilization post-Kyoto. This paper offers theoretical insights into the role that international agreements have on domestic-level inter-organizational networks and activities. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
8. Carbon Capital's Political Reach: A Network Analysis Of Federal Lobbying By The Fossil Fuel Industry From Harper To Trudeau.
- Author
-
Graham, Nicolas, Carroll, William K., and Chen, David
- Subjects
FOSSIL fuel industries ,LOBBYING ,STATE power ,FOSSIL fuels ,PUBLIC officers ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Political Science Review is the property of Canadian Political Science Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Forest growth trends in Canada.
- Author
-
Loehle, Craig and Solarik, Kevin A.
- Subjects
TREE-rings ,POPULUS tremuloides ,DEAD trees ,TREE growth ,FOREST productivity ,DIEBACK ,THROUGHFALL - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Climate change impact on Canada's Pacific marine ecosystem: The current state of knowledge.
- Author
-
Talloni-Álvarez, Nicolás E., Sumaila, U. Rashid, Le Billon, Philippe, and Cheung, William W.L.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,OCEAN currents ,OCEAN acidification ,MARINE ecology ,FISHERIES ,FISH stocking - Abstract
Abstract Global warming is already affecting the oceans through changes in water temperature, acidification, oxygen content and sea level rise, amongst many others. These changes are having multiple effects on marine species worldwide, with subsequent impacts on marine fisheries, peoples' livelihoods and food security. This work presents a review of the recent literature on the current and projected impacts of climate change on Canada's Pacific marine ecosystem. We find that there is an increasing number of studies in British Columbia focusing on changes in ocean conditions and marine species responses under climate change, including an emerging literature on the socio-economic impacts of these changes considered to be a knowledge gap. According to the literature, it is well established that ocean temperatures are increasing over the long-term, especially, in southern areas of British Columbia. Warming trends are increasing in the spring and are strongest in summer. However, there are important uncertainties regarding other climate drivers, such as oxygen concentration and acidification, stemming mainly from the insufficiency of data. Pacific salmon, elasmobranchs, invertebrates and rockfishes are amongst the most vulnerable species groups to climate change in British Columbia. Also, shifts in stock distribution and fish abundance under climate change may have a significant impact on fish supply affecting the livelihoods and food security of some British Columbians. The magnitude of these impacts is likely to vary according to a latitudinal gradient, with southern coastal areas being more affected than northern and central areas; challenging multiple areas of governance, such as equity and fishing access amongst First Nations; and institutional arrangements for transboundary stocks between the U.S. and Canada. Highlights • Climate change is impacting marine species worldwide, affecting marine fisheries, peoples' livelihoods and food security. • There is an emerging literature on the socio-economic impacts of climate change at the local level. • This paper presents a review of the literature published on these impacts in British Columbia's marine species and fisheries. • Socio-economic impacts will vary according to a latitudinal gradient with unequal distribution of losses in marine catches. • We identify some of the risks that fisheries, communities and the economy are facing in the region due to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. "Governments have the Power"? Interpretations of Climate Change Responsibility and Solutions among Canadian Environmentalists.
- Author
-
Stoddart, Mark and Tindall, David
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,ENVIRONMENTALISTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,SUSTAINABLE development ,ENVIRONMENTALISM ,GREEN movement - Abstract
In this paper, we examine interpretations of climate change among "rank and file" members of Canadian environmental groups. We focus on environmentalists' attribution of responsibility for addressing climate change and their beliefs about the necessary solutions to this problem. Our analysis is based on responses to open-ended questions that were part of a self-administered survey completed by 1227 members of nine different environmental organizations. For this group of environmental movement participants, the federal government is typically seen as most responsible for addressing with climate change. Government leadership is seen as necessary because it has the power set regulations and lead corporations and citizens towards pro-environmental behavior. State-oriented solutions are similarly favored by a majority of participants, with an emphasis on stricter legislation and punitive taxation. Besides the focus on government leadership, a large number of participants assert that "individuals are the driving force" in dealing with climate change. In this framework, individuals can take responsibility either through making lifestyle changes, or through applying pressure to government and businesses as citizens and consumers. A dominant theme is that corporations are unwilling to change on their own. Instead, recalcitrant corporations must be coerced into becoming more environmentally sustainable by a strong state. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
12. Capitalism, the Climate Crisis, and Canada's 'Relations of Mobility': Theoretical Interventions in Ecological Political Economy.
- Author
-
Katz-Rosene, Ryan
- Subjects
CAPITALISM ,CLIMATE change ,ECONOMICS ,TRANSPORTATION ,CANADIAN economy - Abstract
This paper approaches the intertwining crises of capitalism and climate change from an ecological political economy (EPE) perspective in order to highlight the fundamentally unsustainable character of Canada's contemporary relations of mobility and the possibilities for socio-ecological change. An important component of the nation's broader social relations, the 'relations of mobility' refer to the material and subjective systems governing how Canadian transport infrastructure is produced and how and why people and things move from one place to another. Unfortunately, the capitalist state has played a pivotal role in structuring these relations and as such it has little interest in significantly changing them. This highlights the need for a genuinely democratic, anti-capitalist politics aimed at obtaining power at the level of the 'state' - municipally, provincially, and federally - in order to change the relations of mobility for the better. This paper thus has three objectives falling under the rubric of EPE: First, it demonstrates how Canada's contemporary relations of mobility negatively impact the natural environment. Second, it historicizes the unsustainable origins of such relations within Canada's political economic structure, showing how the neoliberal capitalist state in particular is 'uninterested', 'unwilling' or 'incapable' of altering them. Finally, it makes a normative argument for the mobilization of a democratic, anti-capitalist politics as a means of confronting the unsustainable character of Canada's present relations of mobility and social relations more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
13. Open-source based geo-platform to support management of wetlands and biodiversity in Quebec.
- Author
-
Siles, Gabriela, Voirin, Yves, and Bénié, Goze Bertin
- Subjects
WETLAND management ,WETLANDS ,CLIMATE change ,ECOSYSTEMS ,BIODIVERSITY - Abstract
Wetlands are one of the most productive environments in the world. Despite their importance for water and carbon cycle regulation, wildlife survival and economic value, human activities along with severe climate changes have led to critical loss and degradation of these ecosystems. In Canada, where these lands still occupy a notable percentage of the territory (~ 14%), efficient strategies and public awareness measures to protect them are required. The Open Government program fosters accessibility to a large amount of data for developing approaches and applications that contribute to this purpose. Web cartographic implementations represent a potential tool for integration and diffusion of diversified information that can support the protection of natural habitats. In this paper, we present an open-source geo-platform that supports multi-scale management of wetlands and biodiversity in Quebec. This friendly and dynamic prototype allows integration of multisource data, providing, as well, the possibility of geovisualization and correlation analysis of possible stressors impacting these ecosystems. This system proposes useful and easy-to-use functionalities that can facilitate identification of possible habitats in danger. The prototype proposed is flexible and can be adapted to assist other biodiversity studies as well as the practical needs of responsible groups such as planners, conservationists and landscape managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Operationalizing 'Policy Capacity': A Case Study of Climate Change Adaptation in Canadian Finance Agencies.
- Author
-
Williams, Russell Alan
- Subjects
POLICY analysis ,POLICY sciences ,CLIMATE change ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Political Science Review is the property of Canadian Political Science Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Assisted migration: Introduction to a multifaceted concept.
- Author
-
Ste-Marie, Catherine, Nelson, Elizabeth A., Dabros, Anna, and Bonneau, Marie-Eve
- Subjects
ASSISTED migration (Plant colonization) ,FORESTS & forestry ,CLIMATE change ,DEBATE - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Unfinished Business: Writing as if You're Dying.
- Author
-
Ardoin, Nicole and Dillon, Justin
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,ENVIRONMENTAL education ,CLIMATE change ,ECOLOGICAL research ,CRITICAL pedagogy ,CONSERVATION biology ,HEALTH education - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Environmental Education is the property of Canadian Journal of Environmental Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
17. Uncertainties in the SNOWPACK multilayer snow model for a Canadian avalanche context: sensitivity to climatic forcing data.
- Author
-
Côté, Kevin, Madore, Jean-Benoît, and Langlois, Alexandre
- Subjects
SNOW cover ,AVALANCHES ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
As interest in outdoor activities in remote areas is increasing, there is a strong need for improved avalanche forecasting at the regional scale. Due to important logistical and safety matters, avalanche terrain measurements (avalanche observations, snowpack profiles, and stability tests) are not always possible for practitioners/forecasters. An interesting alternative would be to analyze the snowpack without these challenges by using snow model outputs. The SNOWPACK model is currently used operationally for avalanche forecasting and research in the Swiss Alps. Thus, this paper presents a summary of analyses that have been conducted to assess the potential of using the SNOWPACK model driven with bothin-situand forecasted meteorological data in three different Canadian climate and geomorphological contexts. A comparison of meteorological data fromin-situand predicted datasets for two winters shows that the GEMLAM weather model is the most accurate for the three climatic contexts of this project, but also showed a bias proportional to precipitation intensity/rate. Snow simulations forced with GEMLAM are the closest to field measurements. Finally, predictions of persistent weak layers have been validated using theInfoExplatform from Avalanche Canada. Crust and surface hoar formation dates agree with the information reported inInfoEx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Climate Change and the Canadian Higher Education System: An Institutional Policy Analysis.
- Author
-
Henderson, Joseph, Bieler, Andrew, and McKenzie, Marcia
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,SCHOOL rules & regulations ,HIGHER education ,POSTSECONDARY education ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges & the environment - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Higher Education is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Characterizing desired futures of Canadian communities.
- Author
-
Cameron, Laura and Potvin, Catherine
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE development ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,SOCIAL sustainability ,PARTICIPANT observation - Abstract
In sustainability research and practice, one method widely used in exploration is visioning, in which desirable sustainable futures are articulated and explored in depth. Communities across Canada have used this method to develop collective desirable futures, in many cases to provide an end goal for local sustainable development. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis of desired futures created by communities across Canada with the aim of identifying regional commonalities according to the three pillars of sustainability, social, environmental, and economic. Although sustainability demands a balance between its social, economic and environmental components, Canadians futures apparently place the greatest importance on social aspects with 338 desires against 222 and 230 respectively for economic and environmental sustainability. Community (105); Infrastructure, development, and transportation (126); and Natural environment (157) are the categories most frequently recorded within each of the three components of sustainability. The metaanalysis also noted significant differences amongst regions. The study was conducted in the context of an initiative known as the Sustainable Canada Dialogues that mobilized 60+ scholars from across the country around a consensus on science based, viable solutions for greenhouse gas reduction. Our results suggest that climate policy that simultaneously reduces greenhouse gas emissions while enhancing some of the key aspects of social sustainability would be attractive to many Canadians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Saving the North Atlantic right whale in a changing ocean: Gauging scientific and law and policy responses.
- Author
-
Koubrak, Olga, VanderZwaag, David L., and Worm, Boris
- Subjects
FISHERY gear ,WILDLIFE recovery ,WHALES ,HABITAT conservation ,MARINE animals ,ANIMAL populations ,OCEAN zoning - Abstract
North Atlantic right whales (NARW) are one of the most endangered marine animals with a global population of ~400 individuals left. Recent climate-driven shifts in distribution have significantly increased their mortality risk from human activities. After twelve NARWs died in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2017 from fishing gear entanglement and ship strikes, Canada adopted measures designed to decrease overlap between these whales and relevant threats. Real-time monitoring of whale distribution combined with dynamic management of shipping corridors and fishing areas proved to be effective in reducing regional mortality to zero in 2018. Yet, this complex system was expensive to implement and caused tension with affected sectors. Following stakeholder consultations, Canada modified the system of static and dynamic measures for the 2019 season. These measures were less effective and eight observed right whale deaths triggered additional emergency responses. This paper reviews scientific and legal tools that were used to implement spatial management of NARW and marine activities between 2017 and 2019. It identifies key legislation that directs the government to protect NARW, such as the Species at Risk Act (SARA), as well as the regulatory tools under the Fisheries Act and Canada Shipping Act and discusses weaknesses in the implementation of these legal frameworks that contributed to compromised outcomes. The paper concludes with recommendations designed to promote recovery and protect endangered species that may undergo similar changes in distributions and threats under ongoing climate and environmental change. The need to strengthen the role of Canada's Species at Risk Act in future conservation efforts is highlighted, specifically the need to address the effects of climate change in recovery planning and the importance of expanding critical habitat protections. • Twelve endangered North Atlantic right whales died in Canadian waters in 2017. • Canadian government responded quickly to North Atlantic right whale mortality crisis. • Canadian legal system is adapting to become more responsive to environmental changes. • Species at Risk Act is not protecting marine species from climate-related impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The human dimensions of marine mammal management in a time of rapid change: comparing policies in Canada, Finland and the United States.
- Author
-
Lovecraft, Amy Lauren and Meek, Chanda L.
- Subjects
MARINE mammals ,MARINE resources conservation ,MARINE ecology ,CLIMATE change ,MARINE ecosystem management ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Abstract: Arctic coastal populations share a close relationship with their environment consisting of linkages among communities, landscapes and seascapes, and the social institutions developed to sustain the system. This cultural–biogeophysical dynamic is termed throughout the section as a social–ecological system (SES). Marine mammals constitute a large portion of the subsistence diet for these communities, and as such represent key ecological services provided by the system. At the same time, marine mammals have gained iconic status as symbols for climate change in the North. A tension results between the demands of balancing on one hand good policy optics consistent with national and international norms and, on the other hand, flexible and adaptive institutions able to take on the task of managing resources in a dynamic, changing North. This tension and associated policy solutions such as co-management are explored in a series of papers focusing on marine mammal management dilemmas and policy practices around the circumpolar North. This introduction communicates the problem context and describes the five papers making up this special section. A guiding premise to this work is that new international pressures to implement moratoria on marine mammal hunting in the North ignore critical human dimensions of marine mammal management. Such policy proposals are unlikely to succeed in areas that require collaboration across scales. Simultaneously, new local-scale participation in multi-level management regimes holds promise for creating more resilient marine mammal SESs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Diffusion of Local Actions against Global Climate Change in Australia, Canada and the US.
- Author
-
Vasi, Ion Bogdan
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CARBON dioxide mitigation ,GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
The article discusses the diffusion of local actions against global climate change in Australia, Canada and the U.S. Since the late 1980s, numerous studies have warned about the effects of global climate change. Local actions against global climate change were initiated in 1991 with the Urban CO
2 Reduction Project, which aimed at designing local strategies to control the emission of greenhouse gases. The success of this program lead to the Cities for Climate Protection program, initiated two years later by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives.- Published
- 2005
23. Evidence from the Historical Record to Support Projection of Future Wind Regimes: An Application to Canada.
- Author
-
Cheng, Chad Shouquan
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,ATMOSPHERIC sciences ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Atmosphere -- Ocean (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Climate Change Subsystem Structure and Change: Network Mapping, Density and Centrality.
- Author
-
McNutt, Kathleen
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,FORESTS & forestry ,TRANSPORTATION industry ,FINANCIAL services industry - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Political Science Review is the property of Canadian Political Science Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The implementation of assisted migration in Canadian forests.
- Author
-
Pedlar, John H., McKenney, Daniel W., Beaulieu, Jean, Colombo, Stephen J., McLachlan, Jason S., and O'Neill, Gregory A.
- Subjects
ASSISTED migration (Plant colonization) ,PLANT species ,FOREST policy ,FOREST management ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Why we disagree about assisted migration: Ethical implications of a key debate regarding the future of Canada's forests.
- Author
-
Aubin, I., Garbe, C. M., Colombo, S., Drever, C. R., McKenney, D. W., Messier, C., Pedlar, J., Saner, M. A., Venier, L., Wellstead, A. M., Winder, R., Witten, E., and Ste-Marie, C.
- Subjects
ASSISTED migration (Plant colonization) ,FOREST ecology ,ETHICAL decision making ,CLIMATE change ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Ecological implications for assisted migration in Canadian forests.
- Author
-
Winder, Richard, Nelson, Elizabeth A., and Beardmore, Tannis
- Subjects
ASSISTED migration (Plant colonization) ,FOREST ecology ,PLANT translocation ,CLIMATE change ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Prospects for Canada's protected areas in an era of rapid climate change.
- Author
-
Lemieux, Christopher J., Beechey, Thomas J., and Gray, Paul A.
- Subjects
PROTECTED areas ,CLIMATE change ,BIODIVERSITY ,PARKS ,BIOLOGICAL adaptation ,LANDSCAPES ,ECOLOGICAL resilience ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Abstract: Given the known and potential impacts of climate change on ecosystem composition, structure, and function, some recent studies question the efficacy and relevancy of current protected area policies and management objectives. For example, in a rapidly changing climate is it practical to continue to identify and protect ‘representative’ samples of the natural heritage estate? This paper examines a number of climate-related issues that now confront agencies and organizations responsible for the protection of natural heritage areas, including the roles of protected areas, representation targets, ecological integrity, protected area design, management techniques, research and monitoring needs, and agency capacity to respond. Potential avenues for adaptation are proposed in light of these issues. The development and implementation of a cross-jurisdictional landscape-scale strategic conservation framework focused on protecting, connecting, and restoring ecosystems will be fundamental to enhancing ecological resilience to climate change. We conclude that even though climate change presents unprecedented and significant challenges, the protected area contribution to ecosystem function and human health and well-being will remain an essential and worthwhile investment in the 21st century. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Indigenous community based participatory research and health impact assessment: A Canadian example.
- Author
-
Kwiatkowski, Roy E.
- Subjects
PARTICIPANT observation ,ENVIRONMENTAL health research ,RESEARCH institutes ,CLIMATE change ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,BIOLOGICAL monitoring ,DECISION making - Abstract
Abstract: The Environmental Health Research Division (EHRD) of the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Health Canada conducts science-based activities and research with Canadian Indigenous communities in areas such as climate change adaptation, environmental contaminants, water quality, biomonitoring, risk assessment, health impact assessment, and food safety and nutrition. EHRD''s research activities have been specifically designed to not only inform Health Canada''s policy decision-makers but as well, Indigenous community decision-makers. This paper will discuss the reasons why Indigenous community engagement is important, what are some of the barriers preventing community engagement; and the efforts by EHRD to carry out community-based participatory research activities with Indigenous peoples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Sharing learnings from carbon capture and storage demonstration projects in Canada.
- Author
-
Mitrović, Milenka and Rossi, Brianne
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,FOSSIL fuels ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CLIMATE change ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
Abstract: Climate change is one of the most important public policy issues of our time. Reconciling the world’s ongoing reliance on fossil fuels with the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of our greatest challenges. Canada is taking this challenge seriously with climate change policies that include enhancing our global leadership in advancing one of the most promising technologies for reducing GHG emissions from fossil fuel use: carbon capture and storage (CCS). Federal and provincial governments in Canada are making substantial investments in CCS, committing upwards of CAD 3 billion in public funding towards seven large-scale fully-integrated CCS demonstration projects. The federal ecoENERGY Technology Initiative announced $151 million for the initial engineering and/or pilot stages of seven potential demonstration projects in 2008. The 2009 federal budget created Clean Energy Fund, which included $610 million for CCS demonstrations. The Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia have also committed funding for demonstrations, in particular $2 billion by Alberta. This public funding will leverage additional investment from industry, for projects that will each capture and store on the order of 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year, coming on-line starting in 2015 or sooner. In order to generate early benefits from these investments, Government of Canada intends to create a knowledge sharing framework for CCS demonstration projects in Canada. The learnings from this first wave of demonstration projects should be disseminated in order to reduce challenges for the next generation of CCS projects and to build competitive advantage. This work will also support and provide input to the knowledge sharing and best practice guidelines being currently developed by Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI). Given that this level of information has not been shared in the past, establishing such a framework will pose several challenges such as concerns regarding the protection of the intellectual property (IP) and commercially sensitive information. Knowledge sharing will also support public engagement and capacity building programs, and it will provide an opportunity to assess the effectiveness and impact of the public investment. This paper will provide an overview and progress to date on the development of knowledge sharing and best practice guidelines in Canada. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Changing climatic sensitivities of two spruce species across a moisture gradient in Northeastern Canada.
- Author
-
Trindade, Mariana, Bell, Trevor, and Laroque, Colin
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,SPRUCE ,STATISTICAL correlation ,TREE-rings ,MOISTURE - Abstract
Abstract: This paper examines the variability in the relationship between climate and radial growth of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees across central Labrador, Eastern Canada. Using climate-sensitive trees, an 11-year running Pearson correlation is applied to local records to examine the relationship between radial tree growth and climate over the last 50 years and the spatial pattern in this relationship with increasing distance inland from the Labrador Sea. Results indicate that there is a high degree of instability in the climate/tree-ring sensitivity despite an overall statistically significant relationship throughout the instrumental time period (1942 to present). Although some periods of reduced climate sensitivity are coincident with insect outbreaks, others cannot be explained by forest disturbance factors. Spatially, the two sites that are most representative of higher elevation areas have more time-stable climate-growth relationships than those inland or along the coast. The results also suggest that the stability of the relationship may be the result of moisture availability, rapid changes in precipitation and temperature, and site-specificity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change.
- Author
-
Ford, James D., Berrang-Ford, Lea, King, Malcolm, and Furgal, Chris
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,PUBLIC health ,RESEARCH ,GOVERNMENT policy ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Abstract: Climate change has been identified as potentially the biggest health threat of the 21st century. Canada in general has a well developed public health system and low burden of health which will moderate vulnerability. However, there is significant heterogeneity in health outcomes, and health inequality is particularly pronounced among Aboriginal Canadians. Intervention is needed to prevent, prepare for, and manage climate change effects on Aboriginal health but is constrained by a limited understanding of vulnerability and its determinants. Despite limited research on climate change and Aboriginal health, however, there is a well established literature on Aboriginal health outcomes, determinants, and trends in Canada; characteristics that will determine vulnerability to climate change. In this paper we systematically review this literature, using a vulnerability framework to identify the broad level factors constraining adaptive capacity and increasing sensitivity to climate change. Determinants identified include: poverty, technological capacity constraints, socio-political values and inequality, institutional capacity challenges, and information deficit. The magnitude and nature of these determinants will be distributed unevenly within and between Aboriginal populations necessitating place-based and regional level studies to examine how these broad factors will affect vulnerability at lower levels. The study also supports the need for collaboration across all sectors and levels of government, open and meaningful dialogue between policy makers, scientists, health professionals, and Aboriginal communities, and capacity building at a local level, to plan for climate change. Ultimately, however, efforts to reduce the vulnerability of Aboriginal Canadians to climate change and intervene to prevent, reduce, and manage climate-sensitive health outcomes, will fail unless the broader determinants of socio-economic and health inequality are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Transforming barriers into enablers of action on climate change: Insights from three municipal case studies in British Columbia, Canada
- Author
-
Burch, Sarah
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,RESOURCE management ,SUSTAINABILITY ,STRATEGIC planning - Abstract
Despite a wealth of financial, technical, and human capacity in Canadian cities, it remains a challenging task to transform this capacity into effective climate change adaptation and mitigation. Indeed, mitigative and adaptive capacities only represent the potential to achieve the ultimate goals of greenhouse gas and vulnerability reduction. This paper builds on previous explorations of barriers to identify powerful levers by which action can be triggered and sustained at the local level through the study of three municipalities in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The necessity of an explicitly articulated high-level directive, leadership that stimulates an organizational culture of innovation and collaboration, and the ‘institutionalization’ of climate change response measures within standard operating procedures emerged as crucial enablers of action. Addressing a lack of technical, financial, or human resources is less a matter of creating more capacity than of facilitating the effective use of existing resources. This facilitation depends most fundamentally on re-working the path dependent institutional structures, organizational culture and policy-making procedures that have characterized the unsuccessful patterns of climate change policy development in the past. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the ongoing efforts to adapt institutions to the complex and uncertain futures associated with a changing climate, while simultaneously embedding broader sustainability goals in long-range strategic planning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. NPO 2.0? Exploring the Web Presence of Environmental Nonprofit Organizations in Canada.
- Author
-
Greenberg, Josh and MacAulay, Maggie
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL advocacy organizations ,WEBSITES ,NONPROFIT organizations ,ONLINE social networks ,PUBLIC relations ,SOCIAL media ,COMMUNICATION & technology ,BLOGS - Abstract
Copyright of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition is the property of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
35. Preferred climates for tourism: case studies from Canada, New Zealand and Sweden.
- Author
-
Scott, Daniel, Gössling, Stefan, and De Freitas, C. R.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,TOURISM ,CASE studies ,WEATHER - Abstract
Climate has an important influence on the travel decisions of tourists. This paper reviews the distinct lines of inquiry that have been used to examine the influence of climate on tourist decision making, and attempts to define optimal climatic conditions for tourism. The study examined tourist perceptions of optimal climatic conditions (for temperature, sunshine, wind) and the relative importance of 4 climatic parameters (temperature, precipitation, sunshine, wind) in 3 major tourism environments (beach-coastal, urban, mountains). A survey instrument was administered to university students (n = 831) representing the young-adult travel segment, in 3 countries (Canada, New Zealand, Sweden). Three salient findings include: significant variation in the perceived optimum climatic conditions for the 3 major tourism environments, differences in the relative importance of the 4 climatic parameters in the 3 tourism environments, and similarities as well as differences in the climatic preferences of respondents from the 3 nations. These findings have several implications for the literature on climate and tourism, including the development of climate indices for tourism, destination choice and travel pattern modelling, and climate change impact assessments. When applied to a broader cross-cultural sample of tourist segments, the present approach could potentially reveal the complexities of tourist preferences for climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
36. Forest management in a changing climate: building the environmental information base for southwest Yukon.
- Author
-
Ogden, A. E.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,ACCLIMATIZATION ,INFORMATION resources ,DECISION making ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST management ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Climate change and protected areas policy, planning and management in Canada's boreal forest.
- Author
-
Scott, Daniel and Lemieux, Christopher
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,PROTECTED areas ,FOREST management ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,FOREST policy ,TAIGA ecology ,CANADIAN politics & government, 1980- - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Climate change and Quebec's ski industry
- Author
-
Scott, Daniel, McBoyle, Geoff, and Minogue, Alanna
- Subjects
SNOWMAKING ,ACCLIMATIZATION ,CLIMATE change research ,SKI resorts ,GLOBAL temperature changes ,SKIING ,TOURISM & the environment - Abstract
This study presents the results of a second-generation climate change assessment for three key ski regions of Quebéc incorporating snowmaking as a climate adaptation strategy. Potential economic ramifications for ski operators are assessed separately for the main revenue-generating period and shoulder seasons. The paper concludes that climate change does not pose a threat to the Quebéc ski industry under 2020s scenarios and that, while adequate snow base can be maintained with additional snowmaking under even the warmest scenario for the 2050s, the combined economic impact of lost revenue opportunities from a shortened ski season and increased snowmaking costs will likely prove prohibitive for some ski operators. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Vulnerability to climate change in the Arctic: A case study from Arctic Bay, Canada.
- Author
-
Ford, James D., Smit, Barry, and Wandel, Johanna
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,INUIT - Abstract
Abstract: This paper develops a vulnerability-based approach to characterize the human implications of climate change in Arctic Bay, Canada. It focuses on community vulnerabilities associated with resource harvesting and the processes through which people adapt to them in the context of livelihood assets, constraints, and outside influences. Inuit in Arctic Bay have demonstrated significant adaptability in the face of changing climate-related exposures. This adaptability is facilitated by traditional Inuit knowledge, strong social networks, flexibility in seasonal hunting cycles, some modern technologies, and economic support. Changing Inuit livelihoods, however, have undermined certain aspects of adaptive capacity, and have resulted in emerging vulnerabilities in certain sections of the community. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Climate change and protected area policy and planning in Canada.
- Author
-
Scott, Daniel and Lemieux, Christopher
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,PROTECTED areas ,BIODIVERSITY ,CONSERVATION of natural resources - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Dendroentomological and forest management implications in the Interior Douglas-fir zone of British Columbia, Canada.
- Author
-
Campbell, Rochelle, Smith, Dan J., and Arsenault, André
- Subjects
DOUGLAS fir ,FORESTS & forestry ,GUMS & resins - Abstract
Abstract: Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Mirb. Franco) forests in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, show periodic defoliation due to western spruce budworm (WSB) (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) outbreaks. Tree defoliation causes a reduction in radial growth and is therefore visible in tree rings. In this paper, we identify WSB defoliation history, and critically examine the potential for using dendrochronological analysis by comparing tree-ring estimates with insect surveys. WSB defoliation history was investigated using cores from Douglas-fir growing in the Lac du Bois region of the Kamloops Forest District. Years with an abrupt decrease in radial growth were considered as negative pointer years that potentially reflected WSB outbreaks. The comparison with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl., ex P. & C. Laws.) (a non-host species) permitted differentiation between growth reductions in Douglas-fir due to climatic effects and those due to defoliation by WSB. The dendrochronological data were matched with information reporting visible damage in Forest Insect Disease Survey (FIDS) and British Columbia Ministry of Forest records. Our objective-based method using ring-width measurements from host and non-host chronologies was compared with qualitative techniques based on the software program OUTBREAK. We were able to distinguish seven distinct outbreak events in 300 years of record. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Time for change: Learning from community forests to enhance the resilience of multi-value forestry in British Columbia, Canada.
- Author
-
Devisscher, Tahia, Spies, Jillian, and Griess, Verena C.
- Subjects
FOREST resilience ,COMMUNITY forests ,COMMUNITY forestry ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST management ,FOREST monitoring ,ECOSYSTEM management - Abstract
• Forests are experiencing the cumulative negative impacts of multiple disturbances. • Community forestry in British Columbia has gained experience over 20 years. • Lessons from community forestry can serve to enhance the resilience of forests. • Area-based tenure fosters long-term forest health and community well-being. • Community forests shift mindsets towards a dynamic and holistic view of the forest. Forests around the world are experiencing the cumulative effects of rapid social and environmental change. Building resilience in the forestry sector has thus become of major importance in many countries, including Canada. While British Columbia (BC) generates the highest revenue from the forestry sector in Canada, the planning and management of forests in this province face several limitations that hinder the application of resilience thinking in a fully integrated way that accounts not only for ecosystem processes but also the close interconnection between forests and people. Community forestry in BC provides experience gained over 20 years that can form the basis for a more holistic, long-term approach to enhance the resilience of forested landscapes. Based on interviews with managers of 5 case study community forests (CFs), and a survey of all CFs in BC over three consecutive years, we present pilot practices to manage forests for resilience at the stand- and landscape-levels. Findings show that these practices mainly focus on (1) age and species diversification, (2) introduction of more drought-tolerant species, (3) systematic long-term monitoring of productivity and forest health, (4) wildfire risk management, and (5) introduction of enhanced silviculture such as thinning, rehabilitation and fertilization. Between 2016 and 2018, 38 CFs in BC invested more than CAD 4.5 million in enhanced silvicultural practices using their own funds. The area-based tenure of CFs motivated not only long-term planning and investment, but also shifted the mindset among residents towards a more multi-functional and dynamic view of the forest. Building adaptive capacity and social license, CFs foster a future where forest health and community well-being are compatible. These lessons can be scaled to BC and other forested landscapes in Canada and around the world. Scaling mechanisms include: (1) facilitating knowledge exchange; (2) increasing multi-stakeholder collaboration; (3) replication and mainstreaming of effective practices; (4) rethinking the forest tenure system; and (5) systematic research and monitoring to learn from pilot studies that could inform strategic interventions with landscape-scale impact. Multi-functional forests which are increasingly affected by climate change and novel disturbances could particularly benefit from the insights shared in this paper to build social-ecological resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. From Thinking Globally to Acting Locally? The Diffusion of the Campaign against Global Climate Change among Local Governments in the US and Canada.
- Author
-
Vasi, Ion
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,LOCAL government ,COLLECTIVE action ,SOCIAL action ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences - Abstract
This paper analyzes the diffusion of a campaign against global climate change among local governments. The main goal of this research is to understand the way in which the perception of a global environmental threat such as climate change stimulates local collective action. Using original data collected from surveys and interviews, I examine the factors which influence the adoption of the program aiming to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses by municipalities in the US and Canada. Two main questions are addressed: what accounts for the particular diffusion of the CCP campaign among municipalities, and what explains the relative success or failure of the local governments that are involved in this campaign. More specifically, why the campaign diffuses faster in certain countries and regions then in others, and why are some local governments more successful then others in reaching the campaign's goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
44. Research trends in carbon capture and storage: A comparison of China with Canada.
- Author
-
Wang, Jin-Wei, Kang, Jia-Ning, Liu, Lan-Cui, Nistor, Ioan, and Wei, Yi-Ming
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,CONCEPTUAL structures - Abstract
• Cumulative publication of China's CCS research was about 3.4 times that of Canada. • China's CCS research had the advantage of pre-combustion carbon capture. • Canada's CCS research advantage lied in the ecosystem carbon sequestration. • Canada's CCS research will reach saturation 15 years later than that in China. In order to effectively address climate change, academia and industry have paid much attention to the development trend of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). However, there is no mature CCS research trend monitoring system. China is likely to be the largest market for CCS technology in the future, while Canada is the first country to start the research and development of CCS. Existing studies have discussed the CCS research trends at the global level, in China, Canada, and in other countries. However, few comparative studies have been carried out in key countries. In this study, an integrated method of bibliometrics and S-Curve is proposed with the purpose of comparing CCS research trends between China and Canada. Firstly, the bibliometrics method was used to compare the conceptual structure and research route of CCS research in China and in Canada. Secondly, the key collaborators were indentified through the comparison of collaboration relationships. Finally, the S-Curve model was employed to forecast the CCS research output trend in China and Canada. This study found that China's CCS research had the advantage of pre-combustion carbon capture, while Canada's advantage lied in the ecosystem carbon sequestration. It was also shown that Canada's CCS cumulative publication may reach saturation 15 years later than that in China. This paper provides insight into the CCS research and development optimization for China, Canada and globally. The CCS research trends comparison tools proposed in this study can benefit to monitor the CCS research by governments and enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Disentangling mechanisms of early succession following harvest: Implications for climate change adaptation in Canada's boreal-temperate forests.
- Author
-
Taylor, Anthony R., Endicott, Sarah, and Hennigar, Chris
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,LOGGING ,FOREST management ,FOREST regeneration ,FOREST succession ,FOREST surveys ,DEAD trees ,POPLARS - Abstract
• Multiple succession pathways possible following harvesting in Acadian Forest Region. • Early succession pathways were driven by numerous succession mechanisms. • Landscape-level climate variability had strongest influence on early stand succession. • Pre- and post-harvest overstorey composition strongly influenced stand succession. • Climate change will influence forest regeneration by inhibiting cold adapted species. • Forest managers must consider climate change in future management planning. Predicting forest succession is not a trivial pursuit and has remained a central challenge for scientists and foresters for well over a century. While thousands of papers have been published on the topic, contributing to a plethora of concepts and terminologies, there remains confusion over causal mechanisms, inhibiting our ability to adopt many lessons learned to sustainable forest management. Based on an emerging conceptual model of forest succession, presented here as the "Succession Triangle", we sought to explore the relative importance of mechanisms hypothesized to drive succession following commercial harvesting across a wide landscape in the Acadian Forest Region of eastern Canada. Using machine learning techniques and repeatedly measured forest stand inventory data, including 19,332 forest stands measured over a ≈30 year period, we uncovered dominant early succession pathways and investigated key mechanisms driving these pathways. Overall, our results show stands may follow multiple succession pathways following harvesting, including early dominance by so-called "late-succession" species (e.g., black spruce and sugar maple), depending on causal mechanisms. More specifically, mechanisms related to the state of the environment (primarily climate) and differential species availability (mainly pre- and post-harvest overstorey composition) had the strongest control over early succession. The strong influence of pre-harvest composition on early succession supports the 'direct regeneration' hypothesis; while the importance of post-harvest overstorey composition suggests the use of partial-cutting as a means of regenerating shade-tolerant species (e.g., sugar maple and red spruce). Site conditions (i.e., slope and drainage) influenced the direction of succession, but landscape-level variation in climate had the overall strongest effect, with colder, more moist climates promoting regeneration of balsam fir, while warmer, dryer climates encouraged shade-intolerant, broadleaf species (birches, red maple and poplars), especially following clear-cutting. Given the strong influence of climate, we used our fitted model to predict the impact of late 21st century climate change on early succession using the "business-as-usual" RCP 8.5 radiative forcing scenario. Our results indicate climate change is likely to increase the regeneration of shade-intolerant, broadleaf tree species (e.g., red maple and poplars) across the landscape at the loss of cold-adapted balsam fir, supporting the hypothesis that young, post-harvest stands are vulnerable to climate-driven shifts in composition as postulated by 'resilience theory', and corroborating previous simulation studies that predict rapid 21st century climate warming will lead to 'deborealization' of Canada's Acadian Forest Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A Proud Record of Leadership in Addressing and Adapting to Climate Change.
- Author
-
Lazar, Avrim D.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CLIMATOLOGY ,FOREST management ,FOREST products industry ,GREENHOUSE gases ,AIR pollution ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) - Abstract
This article discusses several issues in addressing and adapting to climate change in Canada. Forests are a vital component of the cultural, social and economic fabric of Canada. They provide both products and services that are essential to Canadians and people around the world. In the global context, Canada's forest mosaic includes some of the largest intact forest ecosystems, representing over 10% of the world's forest cover, 25% of the global natural forest, and 30% of the world's temperate rainforest. To date in the forest sector, discussions and actions pertaining to climate change have focused primarily on efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase carbon sequestration. Canada's forest industry takes pride in its record of leadership in GHG mitigation. Since 1990, the pulp and paper industry has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by 28% while increasing production by over 30% surpassing its Kyoto targets by more than four times. The Canadian forest industry's commitment to sustainable forest management practices ensures that it regenerates what it harvests, planting some 630 million seedlings annually, assisting in carbon sequestration. while maintaining eco-system integrity.
- Published
- 2005
47. Market Created for Emission Reductions in all Sectors of the Economy.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,GREENHOUSE gases ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,BIODIVERSITY ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,CLIMATOLOGY ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This article informs that the Government of Canada took another step to honour its Kyoto commitment with the proposal for a domestic offset credit system, which will reward innovation and provide incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As promised under the document "Moving Forward on Climate Change: A Plan to Honour Our Kyoto Commitment," the Government has issued a paper setting out the system's proposed rules. The proposed system will encourage innovative Canadian projects that use new practices and technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Companies, governments, organizations or citizens undertaking such projects provided they meet the criteria to be finalized following consultations will be awarded credits. As a key part of the Canada Climate Change Plan, the Offset System represents further progress under Project Green, a set of policies and programs aimed at supporting a sustainable environment and a more competitive economy. Along with climate change, it will address a range of environmental issues, including biodiversity, water, contaminated sites and clean air.
- Published
- 2005
48. Adaptation options for the near term: climate change and the Canadian water sector
- Author
-
de Loe, Rob, Kreutzwiser, Reid, and Moraru, Liana
- Subjects
CLIMATE change - Abstract
Climate change poses significant challenges for the Canadian water sector. This paper discusses issues relating to the selection of proactive, planned adaptation measures for the near term (next decade). A set of selection criteria is offered, and these are used in three cases to illustrate how stakeholders can identify measures appropriate for the near term. Cases include municipal water supply in the Grand River basin, Ontario; irrigation in southern Alberta; and commercial navigation on the Great Lakes. In all three cases, it is possible to identify adaptations to climate change that also represent appropriateresponses to existing conditions; these should be pursued first. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.