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The article offers medical news briefs as of September 2017. An analysis of data from the Whitehall II study has found that even moderate alcohol consumption, compared with abstinence, may raise the risk of hippocampal atrophy and faster decline in lexical fluency. Chocolate may reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation. Intrauterine system (IUS) insertion soon after termination leads to better results.

In April of 2006, a team of researchers consisting of both university and community partners from a Mi'kmaq reserve in Nova Scotia began the data-collection phase of a high school-based research study that had been two years in planning. The study examines the possible relationships between youth-reported childhood maltreatment, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, alcohol misuse, and resiliency factors. The aim of the research study is to provide information about adolescent alcohol misuse that is of practical benefit to community-based service providers, and capable of making a scholarly contribution to the scientific study of the relations of anxiety/mood symptoms and addictive behaviours. The primary aim of this paper is to present both the context from which the project grew, and the steps involved in conducting research with our school partners and the community service providers. A secondary aim is to present some of the preliminary data from the study, with a specific focus on resiliency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presented introduces an innovative accident prevention system that employs deep learning models and sensors to identify and alert drivers who lose concentration while driving for a variety of reasons. The system targets drowsiness, cell phone use, and alcohol consumption, which are among the leading causes of automobile accidents. The proposed solution employs neural networks to identify specific patterns associated with driver inattention and generates an audible alert to refocus the driver's attention on the road. In addition, the system utilizes alcohol-detection sensors, as alcohol consumption is another significant cause of accidents. This system seeks to reduce the number of casualties by enhancing road safety considering the high number of daily collisions, which are primarily caused by speeding. The paper describes the design, architecture, and implementation of the system on a modest scale to provide a lifesaving, cost-effective solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco and alcohol are the well-known carcinogenic agents of oral cavity health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the scientometric characteristics of alcohol and tobacco use and oral health. The papers on alcohol and tobacco use and oral cavity were published since 1885 and 1895, respectively. All the eligible papers were retrieved on March 20, 2023 from the Scopus database. There are 2529 and 1545 papers on tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking and oral cavity in the Scopus database, respectively. Based on the frequency of keywords in all included papers, both smoking and drinking are involved in mouth neoplasms, oral cancer, leukoplakia, and periodontal diseases. In the papers on tobacco and alcohol use and oral cavity, the same research keywords confirm tobacco and alcohol use associate with oral cancer risk possibly through influencing genetics and gene and protein expression. For the distinctive keywords, nicotine, smoking cessation, and electronic cigarette are unique keywords of tobacco use. Acetaldehyde, alcohol dehydrogenase, and alcohol metabolism are unique ones of alcohol use. This study for the first time reports the scientometric characteristics of tobacco and alcohol use and oral health, which might aid healthcare authorities to promote tobacco and alcohol control measures focused on the necessities of their population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strange as it may seem, Treasury, brewers, winemakers, distillers and drinkers all share a common interest: The taxation of alcohol and its price elasticity of demand. Treasury needs this information to determine revenue, the industry for pricing purposes, and drinkers bear the burden of taxation. This paper presents new estimates of demand elasticities of beer, wine and spirits for Australia. The estimates are considerably lower than those of Srivastava et al. (2014), who used monthly, off-premise consumption. Frequency of purchase and location of drinking are most likely the source of the differences. The paper demonstrates the importance of demand elasticities with simulations of changes in the tax mix for alcoholic beverages with partial and general equilibrium approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revija za Sociologiju is the property of Revija za Sociologiju and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this manuscript, we are going to study a novel model of the dynamics of alcohol consumption under induced complications. The mentioned model is considered under the concept of conformable fractional order derivative (CFOD). Currently, most of real-world problems are considered under fractional order derivatives because of their stable and global behavior. First, we will investigate the model for qualitative theory including existence and uniqueness of solution and Ulam-Hyers stability. For qualitative theory, we will use fixed point theory. In addition, we use a numerical method to find the approximate solution of the proposed model. In the final part of the paper, we give a detailed discussion of its numerical results and its graphical presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PTSD and alcohol use are highly comorbid, yet integrated treatment is underutilized. • Offering treatment in primary care may increase use of integrated interventions. • Case illustrations of a brief integrated intervention in primary care are presented. • Both cases presented reduced their PTSD symptoms and alcohol use. • Clinicians provide strategies to help facilitate use of integrated interventions. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and hazardous alcohol use are highly comorbid. Research on integrated interventions to address PTSD symptoms and hazardous alcohol use concurrently has demonstrated efficacy, yet integrated treatments are underutilized. Both patient (e.g., stigma, scheduling/logistics) and clinician (e.g., concern about symptom exacerbation and/or treatment dropout) barriers may impede utilization of integrated interventions among those with comorbid PTSD symptoms and hazardous alcohol use. Primary care behavioral health models (PCBH), in which embedded behavioral health providers deliver treatment to individuals with mild or moderate behavioral health symptoms in primary care, may help address treatment barriers by offering accessible behavioral health interventions in a destigmatizing setting. This paper presents two case examples from a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of an integrated intervention for PTSD symptoms and hazardous alcohol use developed for and delivered in primary care. Outcome data and session-by-session content for two participants are included, along with discussion of barriers encountered during the course of treatment. Clinician-suggested strategies for navigating barriers to facilitate utilization of integrated interventions for PTSD symptoms and hazardous alcohol use are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes my experiences with coming to understand my own relationship with alcohol dependency and addiction. Disability studies has offered me a lens and guide through which I have critically interrogated discourses about addiction, while examining the ways dominant and counter-narratives have impacted my own recovery process. In this paper, I review historical information about the emergence of culturally accepted recovery ideologies in the United States that have led to a dominant disease model perspective. Then, I explain the disability studies-informed theoretical underpinnings of this paper, which include discourse theory and disability studies as applied to alcohol addiction. Using disability studies and autoethnography as a guide, the body of the paper uses examples from my own journals to elucidate salient themes that emerged about my experiences in early recovery. The paper uncovers the ways I came to understand my own identity related to addiction, how I navigated feelings of stigma and shame, the ways I found recovery spaces that embraced empowering frameworks aligned to a disability studies ethos, and how I discovered community and pride through this experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

College students are more prone to exposure to alcohol consumption which is one of the most common addictions. The major reasons of alcohol consumption are peer pressure and social norms of the society. This research aims to understand alcohol consumption behaviour amongst management students of Delhi. This paper also explored how alcohol consumption behaviour is influenced by peer pressure and social norms. This study is based on a quantitative cross-sectional survey design. Primary data is collected through a questionnaire. A total of 375 respondents were contacted. Finally, data analysis was done on 293 respondents only. Chi-square test and t-test are done using SPSS v 20. About 40.6 percent male and 44.2 percent female drink alcohol3-4 times a week. Birthdays is one of the important and casual occasions for the students to drink. Majority of respondents (46.6 %) are binge drinkers. Students feel peer pressure is the main reason for their alcohol consumption while in the Indian context social-norms do not influence drinking behaviour to a large extent among students. This study can be useful to understand the behaviour of students towards tobacco products, smoking, performance in studies, and illness, etc. It can be used in Education, psychology, medicine, and health. This paper is helpful to educators, and parents to understand the behaviour of students towards drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern culture, the rise in consumption of alcohol has caused many issues and its potentially adverse effects on human health are a well-known reality. The image of Iris helps to diagnose the alcohol drinkers efficiently. The prevailing methodology can take up plenty of time to execute the process, and may also produce less accuracy. This paper has proposed an effective method for the classification of alcohol drinkers as well as the identification of iris damaged levels utilizing MDLNN. Initially, the Log Gabor (LG), HOG feature, GLAC feature, LGXP, alongside canny edge detection (CED), features are extracted as of the alcohol drinker's image. Next, the extracted features are selected utilizing BFO. Next, the image is classified as a more, medium, or less drunk with the help of MDLNN. Later on, the AHE is used to enhance the contrast of the drunken person's iris image. Then, the image's foreground is enhanced by utilizing HGBFDWT. Thereafter, segmentation is performed based upon the mask value utilizing OTMO. Finally, find what proportion (percentage) the iris is damaged based upon the Euclidean distance betwixt the original iris image of the drunk person and the segmented damaged level of the iris image. In an experimental assessment, the proposed work attains better accuracy than the prevailing methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a scar on human society. Growing evidence demonstrates that relationships involving IPV and women's decisionmaking about violence represent complex phenomena, best studied as complex adaptive systems. Unfortunately, that complexity limits our ability to fully understand it. This paper presents findings from a series of agent-based models (ABMs) that were created from studies involving multiple time series of couples' daily reports of violence, perceptions and behaviors. To identify potential influencing variables, we modeled the impact that random stress and intentional behavior of the women could have on men's violence and stalking. ABM models of IPV noted the lack of violence at baseline without influence, and found that three variable parameters (Distance→Distance+, HerViolence→HerViolence+, Distance→Distance-) accounted for most patterns of violence development. Random stress and arguments had little effect and the nature of the alcoholviolence relationship remained unclear, however, her violence could increase his violence and stalking. One important difference between ABMs was the importance of the persistence of her concern about the effects of violence on children. Although only modeled in the second ABM, it proved critical to results. When modeling women's decision-making, her abstinence from arguments, alcohol use and violence had no effect on whether to seek help, take legal action or leave; random stress and her daily violence did not affect seeking counseling. However, daily arguments, forgiveness and heavy alcohol use did impact actiontaking, increasing counseling, legal action and leaving generally. The addition of catastrophe equations could alter these outcomes, resulting in more counseling but less legal action. In addition, children are very important when considering decision-making; concern for children affects violence while number of children affects decision-making. In conclusion, ABM can yield important insights into IPV and have clinical implications. It can provide greater understanding of the phenomenon and allow us to test the nature of correlations. (i.e., between alcohol use and violence). ABM can clarify the inherent complexity within violent couples and facilitate sense-making. Finally, it can allow clinicians to test interventions in vitro without risk to vulnerable women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Gambling Issues is the property of Centre for Addiction & Mental Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, alcohol consumption in the United States has increased greatly (Barbosa, Cowell, & Dowd, 2020), and social media use has increased in 2020. The current paper seeks to explore strategies of alcohol-related social media advertisements across a variety of alcohol types, alcohol brands, and social media platforms. By applying the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the current study analyzed message strategies used to appeal to consumers, content patterns, and characteristics of alcohol advertisements on social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram). A content analysis on 596 ads of 12 alcohol brands showed that the most common themes included "taste," "seasonal," "holiday," "recipe," and "joke/humor" in captions and pictures of alcohol ads. Themes known for targeting young people in the past ("social success," "an improved mood," and "increased sense of selfconfidence") were not found as much as expected in captions and pictures. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive drinking of alcohol can disrupt the neural system. This can be observed by properly analysing the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, the EEG is a signal of complex nature. Therefore, an accurate categorization between alcoholic (A) and non-alcoholic (NA) subjects, while using a short time EEG recording, is a challenging task. In this paper a novel hybridization of the oscillatory modes decomposition, features mining based on the Second Order Difference Plots (SODPs) of oscillatory modes, and machine learning algorithms is devised for an effective identification of alcoholism. The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) are used to respectively decompose the considered EEG signals in Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and Modes. Onward, the SODPs, derived from first six IMFs and Modes, are considered. Features of SODPs are mined. To reduce the dimension of features set and computational complexity of the classification model, the pertinent features selection is made on the basis of Wilcoxon statistical test. Three features with p-values (p) of < 0.05 are selected from each intended SODP and these are the Central Tendency Measure (CTM), area and mean. These features are used for the discrimination between A and NA classes. In order to determine a suitable EEG signal segment length for the intended application, experiments are performed by considering features extracted from three different length time windows. The classification is carried out by using the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM), Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. The applicability is tested by using the UCI-KDD EEG dataset. The results are noteworthy for MLPNN with 99.89% and 99.45% accuracies for EMD and VMD respectively for 8-second window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to show the inconsistency of the process and results of informatization for people, culture, and society, where consumption becomes its characteristic feature. We note that with the wide spread of education in the modern world, which to a certain extent became possible due to the development of information technologies, its depth disappears, and it becomes less qualitative. The research is based on the dialectical method, and it allows us to identify both positive and negative aspects of the introduction of information technology in the educational process. The system and structural-functional methods proved to be useful for a comprehensive analysis of education in the context of social changes, establishing a number of relationships and transforming the cognitive abilities of a person as a subject of education. The research novelty lies in the identification of changes that occur in the subjects of the educational process under the influence of the introduction of information technologies. Such socio-anthropological changes became an important philosophical and scientific problem that requires further interdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is to identify certain socio-economic factors, which have an impact on alcohol preferences in Estonia. This is important in designing effective alcohol and fiscal policies. The analyses are based on a questionnaire (IARD, Washington DC) administered in the Baltic countries in 2016. The paper brings out relationship between preferences of alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and strong alcohol) and socio-economic characteristic of those consumers groups. A multinomial logistic regression model allows us to predict the likelihood of a person being allocated to a certain group of consumers of alcoholic beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interventions for problematic alcohol use typically focus on clients as individuals even when these clients continue interacting with their social networks. This paper reports a study about young women's help seeking for problematic alcohol use, examining Alcohol and other Drug outreach service staff perceptions of social network interactions among young women receiving support. We argue that critical realism enables analysis into underlying mechanisms influencing young women's recovery. Pierre Bourdieu's concepts within his theory of capital, and Margaret Archer's concept of conscious reflexivity, assisted in analysing social interactions which helped or hindered recovery. A causal mechanism of legitimacy was associated with social networks that hindered young women's recovery. A sociological approach to problematic alcohol use that combines support for individuals along with their social networks is necessary. More effective promotion of alcohol harms could aid conscious reflexivity, that may help change the habitus of excessive alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of national health surveys conducted in Brazil and England by their respective Statistics institutes. For Brazil, the National Health Survey (PNS) was considered, and the Health Survey for England (HSE) for England. To this end, we show a preliminary overview of the different population profiles of the two countries. Then, a brief historical background is presented, including the common themes that are addressed in the PNS and HSE that favor comparative analyses. Finally, we compared, for example, the inequalities in access to and use of Brazilian and English health services. The results show several possibilities for comparative analysis on topics such as health perception, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and hypertension. However, the need to consider the specificities of the population profile of each country and the methodological characteristics of the surveys is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence shows that certain acute exposures, especially alcohol, may trigger episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is a lack of methods for assessing the relation between triggers and AF episodes in individual patients. The present paper proposes an approach to identifying AF triggers based on the assumption that the post-trigger AF burden is larger than the pre-trigger AF burden during the analysis time interval. For the purpose of identification, a measure of relational strength between pre- and post-trigger burden is introduced, accounting for the cumulative effect of the triggers contained in the observation interval. The proposed approach is explored for different types of AF episode pattern, generated using the alternating, bivariate Hawkes model, whose conditional intensity function is designed to account for the effect of alcohol. In total, 7200 different AF patterns were generated for different numbers of AF triggers and alcohol units. The simulation study demonstrates that, depending on the pattern type, the relational strength increases 3–6 times with alcohol consumption in comparison with no consumption. The proposed approach to identifying triggers in individual patients with paroxysmal AF should facilitate the implementation of longitudinal studies for the objective assessment of trigger effect on AF occurrence. • Certain acute exposures, e.g., alcohol, may trigger episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. • Survey-based studies for trigger identification suffer from biases. • Objective trigger identification is complex due to nonstationary binary data. • The objective approach to triggers in individual patients is introduced. • The approach should facilitate the implementation of longitudinal studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bars and drinking spaces constitute an essential aspect of night-time entertainment districts. Japanese bars, generally known asizakaya, served a variety of cuisines and drinks, and they have been a central part of urban nightscapes. After the bursting of the bubble economy and the decade-long recession since the 1990s, however, the cultures ofizakayahave changed dramatically. Drawing from the works of geographers, this paper critically examines recent changes in drinking spaces—particularlyizakaya—and discusses how their changes are impacting the transformation of the night-time entertainment districts in Japan. This paper addresses several problems that are emerging in the transformation of theizakayaindustry. Specifically, it problematizes the increasing numbers of corporateizakayachains that have been established in recent years. They tend to serve food and drinks at a much cheaper price than their competitors, such as family-runizakaya. This is possible by making use of cheap laborers and a scale economy. For this reason, many traditionally family-runizakayaare struggling, and they are gradually disappearing from today’s urban nightscape in entertainment districts. Detailed examples of several entertainment districts in Tokyo metropolitan area andizakayachains’ impacts in homogenizing the nightscape will be discussed at length. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Drunken driving is a major issue due to which many road accidents are occurring. To overcome these many kinds of research are going on and we also tried to develop a reflexive engine locking system in this paper we have developed a system through which when a person tries to drive by consuming alcohol will experience an automatic engine lock. By implementing this we can save the lives of passengers as well as pedestrians and other people too. Today's situation is worsening like for every thirty minutes accidents are happening and taking the lives of many innocent people. To avoid this, we are trying to implement a prototype for alcohol detection for drunk and drive. Based on the threshold set, an alcohol breath analyzer sense level of alcohol consumed by the driver and if it crosses the limit set it will automatically lock the engine. Due to the drowsiness of driver and consumption of alcohol more accidents are happening. Because of this more lives are at risk. This design implements a model that saves the lives of people inside and outside the vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Alcohol consumption can lead to risky driving and increase the frequency of traffic accidents, injuries and mortalities. The main purpose of our study was to compare simulated driving performance between two groups of drivers, one consumed alcohol and the other not consumed, using a systematic review.Methods: In this systematic review, electronic resources and databases including Medline via Ovid SP, EMBASE via Ovid SP, PsycINFO via Ovid SP, PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL) via EBSCOhost were comprehensively and systematically searched. The randomized controlled clinical trials that compared simulated driving performance between two groups of drivers, one consumed alcohol and the other not consumed, were included. Lane position standard deviation (LPSD), mean of lane position deviation (MLPD), speed, mean of speed deviation (MSD), standard deviation of speed deviation (SDSD), number of accidents (NA) and line crossing (LC) were considered as the main parameters evaluating outcomes. After title and abstract screening, the articles were enrolled for data extraction and they were evaluated for risk of biases.Results: Thirteen papers were included in our qualitative synthesis. All included papers were classified as high risk of biases. Alcohol consumption mostly deteriorated the following performance outcomes in descending order: SDSD, LPSD, speed, MLPD, LC and NA. Our systematic review had troublesome heterogeneity.Conclusion: Alcohol consumption may decrease simulated driving performance in alcohol consumed people compared with non-alcohol consumed people via changes in SDSD, LPSD, speed, MLPD, LC and NA. More well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is significant controversy about the use of experts in childrelated disputes in family and child protection proceedings in Canada. The 2015 Lang Review of the Motherisk Laboratory at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children concluded that experts retained by child protection agencies were introducing unreliable expert testimony about parental drug and alcohol use. The recent decision of Ontario Court of Appeal in M. v. F. suggested that evidence from a party-retained expert critiquing the opinion of a court-appointed psychologist is "rarely" helpful or admissible. This paper addresses these and related controversies about the use of experts in childrelated cases. It reviews recent developments in the law governing the admissibility of expert evidence, with a particular focus on the 2015 Supreme Court decision in White Burgess, and the role of the judge as a "gatekeeper," responsible for excluding biased or unreliable expert testimony. The paper explores the unique role played by court-appointed experts in child-related disputes. It is argued that there should be a continued role for experts retained by one parent to critique a report prepared by a court-appointed expert in a child-related case; nonetheless there is an obligation for partyretained experts to provide unbiased and reliable evidence, and avoid being "hired guns." This critique role may be especially important when the state has been involved in the court process, either as a party in a child protection proceeding or by arranging for a particular court-appointed professional to undertake an assessment. It is also argued that there is a strong Charter based argument that indigent parents in child protection proceedings may be entitled to a court order for funding to retain their own experts to testify to counter evidence put forward by experts funded by the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drinking among young adult users of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) during episodes of ecstasy and methamphetamine use is reported to have a number of possible functions, such as mitigating the unwanted effects of the drugs, enhancing intoxication and pleasure, and increasing drinking capacity. While there is evidence to suggest a high prevalence of risky drinking among users of ATS in Australia, little is known about how they combine their use of ATS with the consumption of alcohol or why they do so. This paper considers how ATS users consume alcohol during ecstasy and methamphetamine use, and also addresses alcohol abuse and dependence among low-risk and at-risk ATS users. At-risk users are more likely to have experienced alcohol abuse and dependence during adolescence or early adulthood, suggesting that higher-risk use of ATS may be linked with problematic drinking patterns. The paper suggests that problematic behaviour relating to alcohol and ATS use is interlinked, and may be important in developing appropriate policy responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous people's health in Brazil is organized by the indigenous health subsystem, structured according to that of SUS, and described in the National Policy for Health Care of Indigenous Peoples. Alcohol consumption has been regarded as a health issue among indigenous peoples. In this paper, we describe the representations attributed by health professionals concerning alcohol use among indigenous peoples, and how these influence care practices. This is a descriptive ethnographic study based on interviews and participant observation. Analysis and interpretation were made with the support of Software Atlas TI 8.0. Excessive consumption occurs in specific contexts, and professionals view alcohol use as a problem. Drinking patterns vary with ethnicity, religion, and location, thus resulting in the need to develop cultural competencies that support implementation of effective actions and that also allow for collective construction, as stipulated in the policies. A network of supporters is described, among which are indigenous leaders, traditional healers, and the Evangelical Church. The study shows the difficulties of both carrying out policies and implementing actions which correspond to the indigenous peoples' expectations, recognizing the cultural and social rationale related to alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Making Every Contact Count' (MECC) is a government initiative headed by Public Health England and other organizations to provide support for patients to make positive behaviour changes to their health and wellbeing. The aim of MECC is to reduce the number of long-term diseases in the population that are attributable to behavioural risks factors. Primary dental practitioners are well positioned to provide the recommended brief advice on smoking, alcohol consumption and other factors. This article will highlight current guidance relating to these modifiable risk factors, and explain how dentists can interact with general medical practitioners in order to improve patient health. The aim of this paper is to provide details on what health issues the dentist should screen for, as well as the ways in which information can be passed onto the doctor in order to provide the best possible care for the patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists are well positioned to ask and investigate issues relating to the patient's general health. This key information can be passed onto the general practitioner in order to address patient needs effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Gambling Issues is the property of Centre for Addiction & Mental Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the explanatory narratives that women, partners and family members provide for consuming alcohol during pregnancy is essential in interventions. This paper reports on the stories of 25 participants in a low-resource area. Explanations included lack of partner support (not providing financially, being unfaithful, denying paternity), stress (HIV diagnosis, unwanted pregnancy, poverty), trauma (rape, death and crime), and a drinking culture (unregulated taverns, availability of liquor, peer pressure). Interventions should work with the gender norms; provide services or referrals for trauma; provide non-judgmental counselling; and target drinking in general in the community so as to reduce drinking culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Ag-Co 3 O 4 -CeO 2 /LGC was prepared by introducing transition metals and their oxides to control the electronic structure of the catalyst surface. • Ag-Co 3 O 4 -CeO 2 /LGC possessed a large number of Ag island as a '*CO pool', and high concentration oxygen vacancy. • It has more positive onset potential (−0.36 V vs. RHE) for CO 2 ER. • The Faraday efficiency for lower alcohols at -0.85 V was 77.6% (methanol = 23.4%, ethanol = 54.2%). In this paper, Ag-Co 3 O 4 -CeO 2 /LGC with multi-active sites was prepared by introducing transition metals and their oxides (Ag, Co & Ce) on the surface of low graphitized carbon (LGC) to control the electronic structure of the catalyst surface, which has more positive onset potential (−0.36 V vs. RHE) for CO 2 ER, and highly Faraday efficiency of 77.6% for lower alcohols at −0.85 V (vs. RHE) (methanol = 23.4%, ethanol = 54.2%). Its excellent catalytic performance could be attributed to the fact that Ce4+ was reduced to Ce3+ by Co2+ ions with the presence of Ag in Ag-Co 3 O 4 -CeO 2 /LGC, which facilitated the removal of lattice oxygen of the CeO 2 surface to form high concentration oxygen vacancy. Due to the presence of high concentration oxygen vacancy, the surface electronic states of Ag-Co 3 O 4 -CeO 2 /LGC were refactored, providing appropriate electron energy state for facilitating *CO 2 δ− formation on Ce atom surface with the oxygen vacancy to decrease the CO 2 ER overpotential. More important, the addition of Ag atoms also enhance the adsorption for CO and a moderate adsorption for H+ to form a "*CO pool" (carbonyl cell), which was favorable for the C C coupling reaction to improve the selectivity of ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to evaluate the possible correlation between maternal alcohol consumption during the first trimester and the risk of having an offspring with non-syndromic oral cleft. We electronically searched all published papers from 1950 to 2019 about maternal alcohol consumption and oral clefts in PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) databases. Descriptive and quantitative data were extracted from eligible studies for systemic evaluation and meta-analysis. A total of 12 publications met our inclusion criteria, and nine of them presented sufficient data for quantitative analyses. The overall odds ratio of the nine reports was 1.00 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.15) for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and 1.02 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.14) for cleft palate only, indicating no significant difference between drinking and non-drinking mothers in the risk of having a child with a non-syndromic oral cleft. We found no confirmatory evidence for the presence of a dose-response relation between alcohol consumption and increase in the risk of oral cleft. Nevertheless, four of the studies enrolled found significantly increased risk of CL/P among mothers in the groups that consumed the most alcohol. All but one of the four studies suggested a positive correlation between binge drinking and the occurrence of non-syndromic oral cleft. Although we found no concrete correlation between mild alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the occurrence of non-syndromic oral cleft, precautions should still be taken to avoid binge drinking during the first trimester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flexible Analytical Wavelet Transform (FAWT) based automated AUD detection framework is presented. • FAWT with optimized parameter values is used for alcoholic and normal EEG signal decomposition into five detail subbands and one approximation subband. • Two sets of discriminative statistical features extracted from each subband. • Statistical features values are fed to different classifiers for learning and performance evaluation. • LS-SVM, SVM, and Naïve bays classifiers are used for training and testing • The proposed FAWT based classification framework with LS-SVM achieved an average accuracy of 99.17%. The frequent excessive drinking of alcohol severely affects the neuronal composition and working of the brain and consequently developed Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Subjects suffering from AUD are prone to various diseases, psychological and cognitive issues if not identified and treated timely. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are used to record the internal structure and activity of the brain. The manual screening of EEG signals for AUD detection is complicated for practitioners because EEG signals are recorded in microvolts (μv) and consists of the inherent internal complexity of the brain. Therefore, an automated computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is used for assisting the medical practitioner in AUD screening process. The recorded EEG signals of a subject are nonlinear and oscillatory, and CAD methods examine these signals in their frequency sub-bands. In this paper, flexible analytical wavelets transform (FAWT) based machine learning models are proposed for automated alcoholism detection. In the proposed methodology, EEG signals are decomposed into approximate and detailed wavelet coefficients using FAWT. The statistical features such as mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, and Shannon entropy are extracted from the selected wavelet coefficients. The features are fed to the various machine learning models including Least Square -Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayes learners for training. The training and testing are performed using 10-fold cross-validation. The performance of models is evaluated using all essential measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F-measure, precision, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and ROC. The results suggest that LS-SVM using polynomial kernel performed best with accuracy 99.17%, Sensitivity 99.17%, and Specificity as 99.44% using 10-fold cross-validation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the analysis of psychoactive substance use situation and preventive trends within communities of HE institutions in Lithuania. The researchers used a questionnaire, thus applying the quantitative research method. The research results: strong alcohol drinks among students of HE institutions are not popular; the respondents used psychoactive substances for the first time while still at secondary school; more than one tenth of the respondents indicated having driven a vehicle while under alcoholic intoxication at least once over the last 12 months. The alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive substance use situation among students could be related to psychosocial factors: the possibility to relax, to reduce stress, to experience pleasure, to overcome boredom and to communicate. The results of the survey reveal an imperative to start a discussion about the formation and implementation of preventive measures against psychoactive substance use within communities of Lithuanian HE institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • SIS premise and SRD premise was compared among restaurant front-of-house servers. • Role ambiguity had a significant positive impact on alcohol use. • Role ambiguity had a significant negative influence on job satisfaction. • Alcohol use had a significant positive impact on job satisfaction. • Alcohol use positively mediated the relationship between role ambiguity and job satisfaction. • Job satisfaction had a significant negative impact on turnover intentions. Abstract The relationship between work stressors and alcohol consumption has been extensively researched, and two premises have emerged: (1) work stressors precede employee alcohol use and (2) alcohol use precedes work stressors. Despite the continuous call for a paper to address hospitality employees' alcohol use, no study in hospitality has compared these two premises. Using role stress, a specific type of work stressor commonly found among frontline employees, this study was designed to confirm which of the two premises best encompasses the role stress-alcohol use relationship among front-of-house restaurant servers in the United States. Using structural equation modeling, it was found that role ambiguity had a significant positive impact on alcohol use and a negative impact on job satisfaction. Alcohol use significantly increased job satisfaction, and had a positive indirect effect on the relationship between role ambiguity and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction had a significant negative impact on turnover intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exploits the interconnections between alcohol use and politics, to examine changing forms of Sakha identification in the Sakha people's northeast Siberian Republic, Sakha (Yakutia). The Sakha people are an indigenous Siberian community; their territories have been under Russian administration since the early seventeenth century. The public event that is this paper's main focus - the Yhyakh - is a shamanic ritual, which has come to be regarded as a quintessential traditional Sakha practice. Like many other non-Russian communities across the Soviet Union, the Sakha people have been experiencing a cultural revival, in the wake of an intensive attempt a t cultural homogenisation during the Soviet era. Moderate Sakha nationalist politicians enjoyed a heady period of political dominance during the 1990s, which ceased with the advent of the Putin administrations. The Sakha people have since then watched the political and economic power of the Sakha nationalist movement fade into nothing, as the central government in Moscow has re-asserted its dominance over the Russian Federation's subject regions. This brief examination of alcohol consumption at the Yhyakh reveals the emergence of new conventions and discussions surrounding pleasure-seeking, physical discipline, and ethnic identification. It shows how the Sakha identification for many has become integrated into projects of personal reformation, as part of a broader acceptance of the Sakha national revival and its aims. The Yhyakh has become a fulcrum for the physical, spiritual and moral aspirations of a nationalist movement that can no longer exert a political influence, but is nonetheless capable of shaping aesthetic and moral values, and physical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world wine market has developed in the last years, since the traditional European producers as France, Italy and Spain face challenges from new competitors as United States, Argentina, Australia, China or South Africa. The paper evaluates the Romanian wine market within European and World context. Romania is an important player on European Union market both in terms of production and consumption of wine. The paper documentation is based on national and international statistic and the method of research was related with quantitative determinations. In terms of wine trade, Romania is a net importer country, and relating this with the low price level of Romanian wines, this can lead to questions regarding competitiveness of Romanian wine sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]