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Smart actuators have shown great potential for a range of industries, including artificial muscles, sensors, and smart devices. However, traditional actuators often suffer from small deformation and complex materials and manufacturing processes. Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as an ideal candidate for moisture-responsive actuators due to its excellent moisture sensitivity. In this study, we present the development of a moisture-responsive actuator using a simple and straightforward approach based on a monolayer graphene oxide (GO) paper. By utilizing the different affinity of its two sides for water, the graphene oxide actuator demonstrates excellent performance in response to humidity gradients, achieving a large bending amplitude with a curvature of 3 cm−1. Furthermore, the graphene oxide actuator was used as a humidity-sensitive switch to perform on and off switch movements, demonstrating its capability for autonomous detection for real-time humidity monitoring. This work provides a new avenue for the development of moisture-responsive materials and their potential applications in the design of intelligent control systems, actuators, soft robots, artificial muscles, and switches. [Display omitted] • The paper introduces a novel moisture-responsive actuator made of a single layer of graphene oxide paper. • The actuator exploits the different water affinity of its two sides to bend in response to humidity changes. • The actuator can also function as a humidity-sensitive switch, enabling autonomous and real-time humidity detection. • The paper demonstrates the potential of graphene oxide as a material for smart actuators, sensors, and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the trends of the top 100 cited articles on economic evaluation in preventive oral health programs. Top 100 papers involving economic evaluation or cost analysis of preventive oral health programs were selected by querying Scopus and Web of Science databases. Bibliometric analysis was performed using the Bibliometrix tool in R Studio. Performance analysis and science mapping were performed for these 100 articles. Performance analysis included publication-related metrics, citation-related metrics, and citation-publication-related metrics. Science mapping provided information on citation analysis, co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, co-word analysis, and co-authorship details. The total citation number of the top 100 most cited articles ranged from 4 to 98, with publication dates spanning from 1978 to 2023. The majority of articles (33.70 %) originated from the USA, while Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology stood out as the journal with the highest number of articles published in the top 100 (16 out of 100). Griffin PM emerged as the most cited author, based on the frequency measurement of the number of papers. Program data economic evaluation was the most commonly reported study design, and fluoridation programs were the most frequent topic. The most reported type of economic analysis performed in the articles was cost-effectiveness analysis. The bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited articles on economic evaluation of preventive oral health programs revealed the lacunae in the research literature on this topic. Therefore, preventive oral health programs should be economically evaluated to eliminate the disparity in resource allocation particularly in upper middle income and low-income countries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conditions of natural resources depletion, and Climate changes caused by the greenhouse effect, world community is focused on exploring new raw materials, secondary raw materials, including waste that can be usefully used. Fat-containing waste generated in the food, pulp and paper, leather and other industries, catering facilities have significant potential in this field. Analysis of official statistics on the fat-containing waste management in the Russian Federation shows that about 22% of such waste is disposed in landfills and is irretrievably lost as raw materials. And those fat-containing wastes that are utilized are used in the production of low-profit products. At the same time, fatcontaining waste can be used to receive products that fully replace analogs produced from petrochemical and chemical raw materials. In the total mass of fat-containing waste, a significant part is made up of products with a high content of free fatty acids, which serve as raw materials for receiving a wide range of useful products. Therefore, research in this way is relevant and promising. In this study, ethyl and butyl ethers were received from waste from the food and pulp and paper industries and studied. Then ethyl and butyl ethers received from waste were tested as plasticizers for compatibility with polyvinyl chloride. A toxicity assessment was carried out for the initial waste, ethyl and butyl ethers thereof, and plasticizers with polyvinyl chloride. Based on the analysis of results, recommendations were formulated for the practical application of the method for the utilization of such waste. The novelty of the research is demonstrating the possibility of using esters received from fatcontaining waste to replace petrochemical synthesis products such as plasticizers for polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates a novel isometric method utilizing an external focus instruction technique with a soft paper balloon. By emphasizing control to avoid crushing the balloon, this method promotes co-contraction of muscles without exerting pressure on the object. We aim to evaluate differences in muscle activation patterns during isometric hip abduction exercises between the paper balloon task and tasks using external resistance (hard plastic, non-elastic, and elastic bands), and further determine their influence on the contralateral side. Thirteen healthy adult males aged 20–28 years were recruited. Six trunk muscles (transversus abdominis [TrA], internal oblique [IO], external oblique, rectus abdominis, multifidus [MF], and lumbar erector spinae) and five lower-extremity muscles (gluteus maximus [GMax], gluteus medius [GMed], adductor longus, rectus femoris [RF], and biceps femoris [BF]) were measured using surface and fine-wire electrodes to compare the different isometric hip abduction exercises. The muscle activity did not differ between the abduction sides except for GMax and GMed with the elastic band and RF and BF with the hard plastic (p > 0.05). The trunk muscles (TrA, IO, and MF) were similarly activated with the paper balloon and external loading tasks; however, the paper balloon task activated trunk muscles without bearing weight, potentially avoiding pressure on the spine, knee, or hip joints. Moreover, all tasks showed muscle activation on the opposite side of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memory is the picturisation of past events and the process of storing events and incidents with priority in the long-term memory (LTM) or the short-term memory (STM). It is accordingly a microscopic chemical change in the brain between the neurons at the connecting point. Bringing memory into literature serves as a compendium of different cultures, cultural and collective memories, identities and social disputes besides the fact that it also serves for imaginaries, aesthetics and philosophy. This paper aims to explore the retrieval of memory through the secondary cues as represented in the postmodern short story "The Paper Menagerie" by Ken Liu, an American science fiction and fantasy writer who follows an unconventional and non-sequential narration. The secondary cues are identified by the application of the Level of Processing theory by Fergus I. M. Craik and Robert S. Lockhart to specify the processing of how memory is treated with stimuli which are the auditory and visual cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate variation in treatment plans and pathological findings related to maxillary second and third molars based on panoramic (PAN) images and cone beam CT (CBCT) among Danish and Dutch oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This web-based "paper" clinic contained 10 cases of impacted maxillary third molars comprising clinical information, PAN, and CBCT. Treatment plan and pathological findings were established based on clinical information and PAN, thereafter, based on CBCT by 28 surgeons. Options for treatment plan for third molars were no treatment, or tooth removal. Options for treatment plan for second molars were no treatment, tooth removal, or endodontic and/or filling therapy. The surgeons assessed external root resorption, marginal bone loss, and follicular space. A change in treatment plan between PAN and CBCT was registered between 0% and 43% of the surgeons among the cases. The surgeons did not agree completely on the treatment plan in any of the cases. Variation was present among the surgeons evaluating pathological findings. In several cases, severity of root resorption was rated worse in CBCT than in PAN. Variation in treatment plan and pathological findings was observed among surgeons. No correlation between change in pathological findings and change in treatment plan was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of autoclaves in podiatry is new and has been tested against two other bactericidal methods with a control. The methods were similarly sampled, and a microbiology department independently undertook bacterial counts. The difference between methods was not significant. While the autoclave remains the preferred method, operative error can arise, and an ultrasonic cleaner is recommended. Chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibitane) remains the choice for liquid disinfection but with attention to concentration and frequent fluid changes to provide an effective kill rate. Special attention is required to any jointed instruments and those with asperitous surfaces. Using an autoclave requires multiple instruments to meet the needs of a podiatry treatment session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aims: Highly cited papers (HCPs) can influence both research and clinical practice. They help to identify core literature and important advances in a field. This study aimed to assess the current status and prospects of South Asia COVID-19 research from the HCPs using bibliometric indicators. Methodology: COVID-19 literature from South Asia published between December 2019 and 29 November 2023 in the Scopus database was analysed. The top HCPs, having more than 200 citations, were evaluated. Information about citation counts, authors and organisations and their affiliations, year of publication, source journal, geographical origin, subject, article type, funding details, etc. were retrieved and analysed. Data and visualisation analysis was undertaken using Microsoft Excel and other bibliometric software. Results: The 298 South Asia HCPs were published from 2020 to 2023 and were cited 200–3,596 times, with a mean average of 413.9 citations per paper (CPP). Around 24.5% and 51.3% of HCPs received external funding support and were involved in international collaboration, respectively. The most productive organisations were the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, and the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, while the most impactful organisations were Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, and Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute, Mumbai. The most productive journals were Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. Conclusions: This study has identified core and significant authors, organisations, journals, subject fields and significant keywords, collaborators and funding agencies involved in South Asia's COVID-19 research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to identify trends, research gaps, leading journals, institutions, countries, and authors by examining the top 100 cited Yttrium-90 Radioembolization (Y90) research articles. The insights gained will assist funding and collaboration efforts in Y90 research. The team analyzed 981 articles from 36 peer-reviewed journals, gathering data on authors, publication year, journal, citations, affiliations, keywords, and references. Author affiliations were scrutinized to pinpoint institutions and countries. p values < 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. The most cited paper (703 citations) was authored by Salem et al. (2010), and the journal with the most publications (16) was Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. There was no significant correlation between journal impact factor and citation metrics. A decreasing trend in the number of top 100 articles was observed since the peak period (2008–2013). Most papers were published in high-impact factor (IF > 3, n = 31/35) and SCImago Q1 journals (86/100), with Northwestern University, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich being the leading institutions. The most prolific authors were Salem, R., Lewandowski, R.J., and Mulcahy, M.F., with Salem, R. as the most influential. A statistically significant positive correlation between collaborative links and published articles was also discovered. Short conclusion: The top 100 cited articles were primarily published in high-impact journals, and Northwestern University and the USA showed greater productivity and collaboration. These findings have crucial implications for researchers, policymakers, and institutions, aiding in the improvement of Y90 application and understanding in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper pulp tank in Valkeakoski, Finland, collapsed on 27 March 1996. The volume and height of the steel tank was 6000 m3 and 35.5 m, respectively. The collapse occurred during test filling with water. During the test filling it was noticed that the tank was tilting. The time from first observation to final collapse was around 12 min. The tank collapsed onto a building next to it, causing the death of one person. During the collapse there was approximately 5000 m3 of water inside the paper pulp tank. The ambient temperature was −20°C during the collapse. The Safety Investigation Authority started an investigation because the incident was a major accident and there was loss of human life. Several reasons for the collapse were discovered. In addition, several recommendations were made for construction in general. This article presents a case study and details based on material that has already been published, but it also includes a structural analysis made in the study. The goal was to clarify the main reasons and form them into a timeline of the collapse. Also, lessons learnt are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stanley Kubrick's project on the Holocaust, Aryan Papers, was dear to his heart. He worked on it for a long time, but he could not, in the end, bring himself to complete the planned film. This article canvasses some of the reasons other scholars have supplied for this film remaining unmade, including the notion that the Holocaust is unrepresentable. However, it points to a novel explanation. I argue that Kubrick's plot modifications, particularly to the conclusion, doomed the project. Specifically, Kubrick has a Jewish woman take revenge for war-time atrocities. Discussing revenge in relation to the Holocaust has until recently been as impious as representing the Holocaust itself. Jewish revenge was unfashionable in Holocaust films of all kinds when Kubrick was working on Aryan Papers in the early 1990s. Kubrick's planned film was generically ahead of its times. The vengeful Jewish woman had to wait for Inglourious Basterds in 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks why Stanley Kubrick's longstanding wish to direct the film version of Louis Begley's 1991 novel Wartime Lies never came to fruition. In Begley's novel, the protagonist Maciek recounts the experience of living in hiding under a false identity in Nazi-occupied Poland. Kubrick drafted a series of quite different plotlines and conclusions for the film version, to be called Aryan Papers, in which Maciek's aunt Tania takes a highly dramatic role in their destiny. The more Kubrick changed Aryan Papers, in response to the pressure of Hollywood expectations and the cultural valorization of active Holocaust resistance, the less it resembled the very work he had chosen to adapt. This impasse shows why the director could not ultimately bring Aryan Papers to the screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid dissemination of misinformation has become one of the most pressing issues of the modern world, as social media platforms enable misinformation to be spread incredibly quickly and unpredictably. To combat the misinformation epidemic, many misinformation models have been developed to simulate and study the spread of misinformation so that it may be understood and mitigated more effectively. While many survey papers review misinformation holistically, there is a gap in the literature for a survey of models in particular, mainly because the field is still relatively young. To overcome this gap, we compile a dataset of 28 papers, each using its model to study misinformation. In reviewing trends amongst these models, we find that a. there is a shortage of papers that evaluate countermeasures against misinformation or take their influence into account, and b. platforms other than Twitter/X are underused as sources for model validation data, considering their real-world importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technikgeschichte is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technikgeschichte is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Examination papers are used around the globe as assessments for learning, as learning and of learning. Many academics seek to maintain a balance between lower order and higher order cognitive questions in these papers, seeking to help students transform their knowledge from quantitative to qualitative in nature. Some achieve this by using different illustrative verbs from the six levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. The purpose of this research is to investigate the degree to which different levels of questions in a summative examination predict the final grade of two types of students in a compulsory electrical engineering module. These two groups are termed ECP students (students who undertake an additional year of study prior to enrolling in a mainstream programme) and ]VISP students (students who enroll for a mainstream programme directly after completing their high-school career). Stepwise regression was used to analyze the data (n = 64 for the ECP group and n = 487 for the MSP group from 2016 and 2017) to find a set of independent variables (individual questions in the summative examination) that significantly influence the dependent variable (final grade of the summative examination). Results indicate that, on average, three out of six questions contributed the most to the final grades of the ECP students while all six questions were found to contribute for MSP students. A key deficiency in ECP students was noted regarding applied mathematics required in the analysis and design of electrical circuits. A possible recommendation is to expose ECP students to more physical science questions that require several different equations during their additional year of study to better help them demonstrate important higher-order cognitive skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ink-paper historical documents, which are an important part of cultural heritage, can be damaged by various materials on the outside and the inside of the paper. Cotton fiber sheets treated with iron gall ink and then treated with stabilization materials were studied. Nanosized Mg(OH)2 was used as a deacidification material and potassium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, or propyl gallate as antioxidant materials were investigated as a stabilization system for iron gall ink-damaged paper. All samples were artificially aged in the air for 150 h at 65 °C in a UV/moisture chamber or 500 h at 90 °C. The pH and alkaline reserve (AR) measurements, monitoring of color change, and scanning electron microscopy analysis data confirm that the aging effect is more destructive to the iron gall inked paper. The experiment results show that using alkaline materials with antioxidants, such as nano-Mg(OH)2 and propyl gallate, positively affects color changes of ink-damaged paper. Treatment with a stabilization system such as nanosized Mg(OH)2, a binder hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel), and an antioxidant as propyl gallate is a suitable method for iron gall ink damaged paper stabilization and preservation, according to the study results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is undertaken to compare the use of non-alphanumeric characters in the titles of articles published in the IASLIC Bulletin (IB) and the Annals of Library and Information Studies (ALIS). This study is based on the total 567 publications appeared on IB and ALIS between the year 2011 and 2021. This study includes the distribution of publications by year, patterns of authorship, and the use of five often used non-alphanumeric characters: colon, comma, hyphen, question mark, and parenthesis. ALIS published 336 papers and IB published 231 articles over the study period, with an average relative growth rate (RGR) of 1.63 %. Cooperative authoring is more prevalent in both journals. The outcome also shows that 389 titles-216 in ALIS and 173 in IB-of the total 567 contributions appeared with non-alphanumeric characters. The colon (:) is the most often used alpha numeric character; in ALIS (78.85 %) and IB (64.51 %), double authors use it frequently. The study is an original research work intends to have a profound and noteworthy effect on researchers and library patrons who delve into the world of non-alphanumeric characters in research paper titles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte is the property of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital transformation processes have been challenging organizations for a while. Moreover, sustainability has added another objection, aiming at reaching the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as well as fulfilling environmental social governance reporting standards. Sustainability includes economic, ecological and social dimensions. However, previous research mainly focused on the first two aspects indicating contradictory results, especially in connection with digital transformation processes. Currently, the EU-27 countries struggle to include social sustainability in the digital transformation process design. The guiding question for this research is whether social sustainability is taken into account in digital transformation processes and how these affect employees regarding their motivation and health. The purpose of this concept paper is to outline a mixed method research design of a project using method triangulation. First, a systematic review combines prior literature on social sustainability in digital transformation processes in the areas of business psychology and information systems. Second, a two-wave online survey using the job demands-resources model examines the effects of the individual perception of social sustainability in digital transformation processes and digital skills on work engagement and digital transformation stress, adding job crafting and technical affinity as a mediator. Third, a vignette scenario study consisting of a 2x2 matrix includes digital transformation and social sustainability to high and low extent and analyses the effect within the previously stated adaption of the job demands-resources model, however, including technical affinity as a mediator. Consequently, in the sense of a triple transformation, the studies add the social aspect as a third dimension to the current twin transformation discussion referring to digital and ecological (green) transformation. This research project building on social sustainability in digital transformation processes demands for interdisciplinary work in designing studies and choosing appropriate triangulated methods to identify scientifically sound measures to practical complex challenges. Moreover, it is among the first projects comparing current literature in information systems and business psychology. The results of the studies should not only contribute to the theoretical and practical discussion, but also derive an interdisciplinary research agenda for social sustainability in digital transformation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Msgr. Germano Straniero's Report on the State of the Catholic Church in America (1886), based on his official visit to the United States. It provides a historical context for the document, an understudied source of American Catholic history, and examines its significance within the Germano Straniero Papers housed at the University of Notre Dame Archives. Additionally, the article discusses a critical and pedagogical project resulting in the first digital edition of the text, which includes a translation and pedagogical resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citation scores (CS) have been traditionally used to measure the impact of scientific publications. Sourced from the Internet, Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS) are complementary metrics that assess how often publications are discussed and used globally. We compared by rank the top 500 papers by CS and AAS published in Clinical Nutrition with corresponding AAS and CS. A search for all publications in Clinical Nutrition was performed on Dimensions (https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication) on 3rd April 2024. Outputs were ranked according to CS and then by AAS with the top 500 in each category selected. Scores, year and type of publication were recorded. Correlation was expressed as the Spearman's rank coefficient (ϱ). We identified 18,790 outputs. Within the top 500 publications ranked by CS, there was a significant weak positive correlation (ϱ = 0.235, P < 0.0001) between CS [median (IQR) 149 (116–223)] and AAS [7 (3–22)]. Ranked by AAS, there was a non-significant very weak positive correlation (ϱ = 0.072, P = 0.106) between AAS [55.5 (36–115)] and CS [42 (16.5–94.5)]. Trends remained similar when grouped by publication type. Guidelines, ranked by CS, had the highest CS and ranked by AAS, the highest CS and AAS. Publications per year, by year, ranked by CS, had a negatively skewed distribution peaking in 2012 and declined thereafter, but when ranked by AAS, had a moderately positive linear trend from 2001 to 2024 (ϱ = 0.513, P < 0.0001). Correlation between CS and AAS was weak. Guidelines had the highest CS and AAS. CS are iterative taking years to mature while AAS are immediate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional cultures around the world not only symbolize the spirit and soul of different countries, but also provide the most essential resources for education. This study examined the effect of reverse engineering pedagogy (REP) and forward project pedagogy (FPP) on students’ cultural heritage literacy and creativity in a cultural-oriented STEAM course (C-STEAM). A total of 128 undergraduate students from a major university in China participated in a paper sculpture C-STEAM project, and were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (with 64 students) that adopted REP, and the control group (with 64 students) that adopted FPP. Results indicated that both FPP and REP promoted students’ cultural heritage literacy and creativity. Although students’ risk-taking and curiosity in the FPP group outperformed those in the REP group, students in the REP group achieved significantly better learning performance and higher levels of cultural understanding than those in the FPP group. In particular, the REP group wisely established a close relationship between cultural heritage and creativity by presenting complete cultural works in advance. This discovery has important research significance and practical value, by enlightening us to reflect deeply on the effect of REP when implementing the C-STEAM curriculum, and to identify the potential linkage between cultural inheritance and creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to publish research papers is a must for scientists nowadays. Ideally, at the very beginning of their career, young researchers, PhD students, should be instructed in writing research papers and should get feedback on their texts. In this study, the first manuscripts from 22 doctoral students, non-native English speakers, 223 pages were analysed for errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style. For each type of error and each student, the average per page was calculated. The most frequent errors were identified in using articles, formal features, missing information, and the use of inappropriate words. Individual students showed significantly different levels, which reflected their previous language training and the approach (responsibility) to completing the task. The results will be used to modify the course in Academic Writing (more attention paid to the most frequent errors) and individual work with students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "GIS Tips & Tricks: When Paper Maps Just Aren't Enough," provides tips and techniques for georeferencing maps and images in GIS software. Georeferencing involves assigning real-world coordinates to maps and images that are not already spatially indexed. The article suggests starting with high-resolution images for better accuracy, cropping images to focus on specific areas, placing at least five control points for accurate alignment, and using recognizable landmarks as control points. It also encourages library patrons to stay updated on new tools and techniques in the GIS field. [Extracted from the article]