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Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the literature study and investigation. this paper explored into the generative context of Kamification of the online sports communication, analyzing the external representation of its behavior, as well as the underlying issues of demand so as to reveal the social influences and propose corresponding strategies. It was held that the gamification media practice of online sports communication originated from the context of being digital, with the logic of being digital through immediacy of behavioral experience, unsoundness of time perception and diversity of evaluation criteria. It reflected the behavior of the user's Nymph body, and the demand of the user's digital identity reconstruction. In view of the negative impact of garnified media practice of online sports communication, such as capitalized production, technology intermediation and human subjectivity, this paper put forward that the integration, innovation and regularity of the sports for all communication in China should be emphasized so as to construct the new pattern of the sports communication in convergence media, to improve the industrial chain of the online sports communication, and to strive to create more high-quality media content products, so as to guide the healthy development of the gamification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Through literature, comparative analysis and other research methods, this paper summarized the relevant researches on the knowledge flow of the sports discipline at home and abroad in the recent years from the perspective of interdisciplinary research. The results showed that researches abroad focused on the use of literature measurement and social network analysis to explore the knowledge flow network, knowledge integration and relationship change characteristics between sports discipline and other disciplines, and advocated the application of sports discipline knowledge flow in the sports practice. The researches at on the knowledge flow of sports discipline in China had transited from sports knowledge to sports knowledge flow, various research methods were used to study and judge the knowledge types of sports discipline from the perspective of knowledge input and knowledge output, and to identify the relationship between sports discipline and other disciplines based on the amount of knowledge flow. In the future, researches on the knowledge flow of sports disciplines should focus on the dynamic changes and knowledge integration of target disciplines, attach importance to the utilization and organization of knowledge flow content and core knowledge, strengthen the exploration of theoretical issues such as knowledge flow mechanisms and systems, clarify the relationship between knowledge flow and knowledge regeneration, explore their implementation paths, expand the exploration of knowledge introduction to disciplines abroad and to contribute to the construction of world-class discipline of sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George A Brooks' outstanding contribution was the study of lactic acid. He overturned Hill's oxygen debt hypothesis and developed the lactate shuttle theory, which has been widely approved by the sports physiology and outside the field. In this study, Brooks' papers, news, peer controversy and evaluation in the past 50 years were reviewed, the research history of lactate from the perspective of epistemology was studied in order to establish the understanding process and method of sports "metabolites" from the perspective of researchers. Brooks believed that lactate played the triple role of energy substrate, electron carrier and signal molecule, and lactate changes produced radically different benefits under different physiological environments. Brooks' brief history of lactate lay profound enlightenment and experience for both epistemology and methodology, and the understanding of sports "metabolites" should not be partial and subjective value-oriented. In the face of experimental results, it was necessary to assume in advance that endogenous "metabolites" of exercise had multiple roles and only became "good" or "bad" under certain physiological or pathological conditions. Exercise physiologists should devote themselves to using special models of exercise stimulation to reveal deep and universal physiological mechanisms, to give unified explanations of exercise physiology, health physiology and pathophysiology. and to create theories consistent with experimental data from experimental conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through literature and logic analysis, this paper studied the reasons of the abolishment of the martial arts system under the specific historical background of the late Qing Dynasty. It was believed that since the Opium War, with the rapid development of hot weapons, the cold weapons-based martial arts system became more and more outdated. Coupled with the rise of new school education, there was a huge impact on the foundation on which the martial arts system depended, calling for the reform of the martial arts system from all walks of life. Wei Yuan, Feng Guifen and other people took the lead in proposing the abolition of the martial arts system Although the reformists and revolutionaries fought over its existence and abolition for many years, the abolition of the martial arts system was inevitable due to the alienation, the loss of function and the failure of reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through literature and logical analysis, this paper clarified the theoretical logic of the balance of supply and demand in the sports industry under the new development pattern, and explored into the countermeasures to overcome difficulties in balancing supply and demand in the sports industry. On the basis of policy system, cultural resources, product service and human resources, countermeasures for further promoting the high-quality development of the sports industry and realize the happiness of people's livelihood included featuring dual circulation, in which domestic and overseas markets reinforced each other, with the domestic market as the mainstay, emphasizing guidance by the national policy system, cultural resources as the core, product service optimization as the carrier, human resource allocation as the basis, and break through the limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the micro data of China's sports goods manufacturing industry. this paper analyzed the effect and mechanism of financial subsidies on total factor productivity of sports goods manufacturing enterprises. The empirical study showed that the fiscal subsidy policy effectively improved the total factor productivity of sports goods manufacturing enterprises, and the total factor productivity of subsidized enterprises was about 9% higher than that of non subsidized enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis showed that enterprises in areas with better institutional environment, foreign--funded enterprises, and enterprises above the average age of enterprises had higher productivity effects from financial subsidies. In terms of mechanism, financial subsidies mainly promoted the total factor productivity of enterprises through the production of patents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the historical background of the spirit of Qoniolongma, this paper analyzes the establishment of the spirit from the perspective of structural narratology and classic literary works on climbing the Qomolongma in order to reveal how the spirit of Qomolongma has been constructed through literary narratology and becorne the symbol of the Chinese sports spirit and the sports nation. It is held that the spirit of Qomolongma, with its glory recorded in the literary works, is embodied in the historical inheritance. The establishment of the spirit of Qomolangma includes three aspects. Firstly. the "extremely high" and "extremely dangerous" of Mount Qomolangma as typical environment reveals the height of the spirit of Qomolongma. Secondly, with the classic plot of "adventure of the hero" and the deep structure of "hero vs. Qomolongma" as the essence, the depth of the spirit of Qomolongma is highlighted. Thirdly, depictions of images of the typical heroes and heroines have given life to the spirit of Qomolongma. In the new centenary, the values of the spirit of Qomolangma is mainly reflected in the building the national historical memory. constructing the sense of cultural identity, carrying forward the national spirit so as to forge strength. to reach consensus and to guide ways in making efforts for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through literature study, logical deduction and other research methods. this paper explained the connotation and value of standardization in order to promote the equalization of basic public sports services and clarified the practical path based on examining the difficulties in the equalization of basic public sports services. It was concluded that the difficulties included insufficient institutional design, weak policy support, limitations in the implementation mechanism, and poor service effectiveness etc. Based on this, specific initiatives were proposed around leading the institutional design, promoting the allocation of resources, optimizing the mechanism, and enhancing the supply efficiency of balanced development of basic public sports services by standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education is the property of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)