Search

Mini‐LED technology is becoming a mainly driving force in the development of LCD industry. Only using excellent spatial viewing angle characteristics, high picture quality and high contrast ratio LCD panel, Mini‐LED can maximize its effectiveness in improving image quality and has the strength to challenge the dominance of OLED in the high‐end market. As we known, ADS technology belongs to plane field switching display mode, taking into account the excellent wide‐angle characteristics and excellent image quality, has been widely used in mobile phone, tablet, notebook, monitor and TV, the only shortcoming is the low contrast ratio (CR), just at 1000‐1200:1. This paper aims to introduce the development of ultra‐high contrast ADS LCD panel and its implementation method. By using low scattering coefficient negative liquid crystal, fine rubbing alignment process, and fine calibrated POL attachment process, an ultra‐high contrast ratio of CR 3000‐3500:1 is achieved for the first time on ADS panel. The slow response time of negative liquid crystal is improved by balancing the operating voltage (Vop) and adjusting the Cell gap, while the decrease in transmittance caused by lower Cell gap can be overcome by the spectral aperture pixel (SAP) design. All the techniques described in this paper are applicable to various types of plane field switching panels. The paper also concludes with a discussion and outlook on how to further improve the contrast ratio of ADS‐like panel.

Digital Signage can be quickly updated, greatly enhancing functionality compared to traditional paper signs. Worries about climate change, carbon footprint, energy shortages and light pollution means Signage should be low power with low light pollution. In response, E Ink has developed Kaleido reflective ePaper outdoor displays with good color performance. On a spectrum between paper signs and other forms of full color electronic display Kaleido is much closer to paper signs in power use and lighting impact. Operating temperature range is ‐15°C to 65°C, removing the need for expensive, power hungry heating and cooling.

This paper describes a new, fast, Wave‐Length of Center‐of‐gravity (WLC) detection method, named “λ‐Capture”. The paper presents and explains the principle of this new technology as a wavelength management technique for displays, utilizing a Linear Reflectance Gradient on the wavelength axis (LRG) dichroic mirror. It is then applied to a mini‐LED wafer: sample of actual display elements and demonstrated to have satisfactory performance. Furthermore, the possibility of new applications based on this principle is demonstrated.

Ambient contrast ratio (ACR) has been promoted recently since this index fits most user environment. In this paper, we will focus on the solutions to improve ACR and its viewing angle as well. Different anti reflection technologies are compared. With our Advanced Reflectionless Technology (A.R.T.) adopted in LCD, both the ACR indexes and user viewing experience are greatly improved.

The quality and diversity of microLED display prototypes are progressing rapidly and first commercial products are coming to market. The technology however has yet to enter high volume consumer applications. This paper discusses the status of the microLED industry including how the supply chain is shaping up and how remaining technology and manufacturing roadblocks are being addressed.

Applications for Large Scale Outdoor Display Systems continue to expand and enable digital visual communication to an audience in more physical spaces than ever before. These displays can range in size from one to hundreds of square meters and must perform in challenging environmental conditions while meeting expectations for image quality and minimizing environmental impact. This paper will explore LED technologies that support today's applications and the technologies that may support future applications. LED and reflective technologies will be presented with the advantages and limitations highlighted by application

With the rise of concept “meta‐universe”, VR/AR products get more attention currently. This paper introduces the applied oxide technology in ultra‐high resolution VR products and its future development trend. It was investigated how oxide technology become the choice of ultra‐high resolution due to its transparent property. It was also highly researched how to ensure the device characteristics with short channel through adjustment of process route. In the end, the future trend, such as higher mobility and removal of light shield layer, is simply introduces.

Novel high resolution photolithography process is presented in this paper. New process and materials can use conventional exposure apparatuses with ghi‐line UV light to form high resolution pattern beyond the resolution limit of exposure apparatus.

Conventional integral‐imaging based light field displays are often subject to the tradeoffs among spatial resolution, depth of field, view density, and eyebox size. This paper will review several time‐multiplexed methods we recently explored for creating high‐performance head‐mounted light field displays.

This paper presents recent process for bottom gate‐controlled low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) TFT technologies for reliable low‐power high‐performance AMOLED displays. Experimental and physics‐based analysis leads to the pragmatic device design concept for LTPS TFT performance enhancement. Process integration of bottom (second) gate and top (first) gate metals, controlled by optimal two gates‐based device structures, is explored in conjunction of improved poly crystallization and poly‐Si/gate‐oxide interface by reducing defect density‐of‐state (DOS), especially in the grain boundaries of the channel region. We obtain optimal device performance such as optimal sub‐threshold slope, high driver current (Ion), and low leakage current (Ioff), in addition to enhanced device reliability characteristics. Numerical device simulations, supplemented by physics‐based analysis, are performed to corroborate experimental results in fabricated TFTs, as well as gain more physical insight in the bottom‐gate LTPS device configuration, to enable reliable low‐power high‐performance AMOLED display applications.

In this paper, we introduce multilateral strategies to improve the efficiency and brightness of quantum dot light‐emitting diodes. First, electrically and thermally endurable device architecture is adopted for highly bright light‐emission. Second, an exciton harvesting layer consisting of blue‐emitting thermally‐activated delayed fluorescent materials is introduced to improve device efficiency. Our approaches realize remarkable improvements in the device performance.

For high‐performance quantum‐dot light‐emitting‐diode (QD‐LED), it is imperative to resolve the charge imbalance. In this paper, the solution to resolve the charge imbalance is introduced to mix two polymer hole transport layer (HTL) materials.

In recent years, LCD end‐users are putting forward higher and higher requirements for dynamic picture display realism. With the increase of display panel refresh rate, dynamic picture fidelity has a significant improvement. The extremely high refresh rate has become one of the most important indicators of high‐end display panels, especially for video game usage scenarios. However, the increase in refresh rate is a challenge to the drive capability of LCD semiconductor TFTs (Thin Film Transistor), the response time of liquid crystal, and the transmission of high‐frequency signals, resulting in the maximum refresh rate of high‐refresh‐rate displays currently on the market still at 240 ~ 300 Hz. In this paper, we solve the display distortion due to low charging ratio at ultra‐high refresh rate by improving GOA（Gate Driver on Array） driver circuit and applying high stability and high mobility bilayer oxide semiconductor technology. At the same time, the 1ms GTG (Gray to Gray) response time is achieved by testing and optimizing the pixel slit angle and cell gap of ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch) LCD, ensuring no image trailing at refresh rates up to 600 Hz. Then the anti‐electromagnetic interference ability of high‐speed signal is improved by high‐speed signal transmission quality enhancement technology. Through the application of the above technologies, we have developed the ultra‐high refresh rate IT display panel products such as 600Hz frame rate FHD NB LCD and 500 Hz FHD MNT LCD. And the 16.0” WUXGA 600Hz ADS LCD achieves the highest CMR 9000 rating in VESA latest dynamic picture CMR certification.

This paper proposes a 6Gb/s receiver for 8K displays and beyond. In the proposed receiver, a novel channel coding with 1.96% overhead is presented to guarantee minimum run‐length in the clock embedded interface. It can also reduce bandwidth for effective data transmission compared to 9b/10b coding that requires 11.11% overhead. Furthermore, we present an on‐chip eye margin tester that can measure the internal timing margin of receiver with only 1% area overhead. The prototype ICs are implemented using 0.18‐μm HVCMOS process and evaluated in an 8K 65‐inch panel.

Perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are promising color converters due to their high blue light absorption and narrow‐band emission. This paper reports on the bright and stable PeNCs inks for patterned green/red color conversion pixels. Inks designed to stabilize PeNCs have a shelf life of more than one month, and UV‐cured PeNCs films exhibit high color conversion efficiency and practical durability to blue light and heat. Our PeNCs inks are capable of sufficient color conversion even at high pixel resolutions and will be a viable solution for full‐color OLED and micro‐LED displays.

In this paper, we present the novel ultra large size OLED display with high image quality for premium TV using an advanced coplanar Oxide TFT backplane, MLA based OLED, small area gate driver in panel for narrow bezel, and pixel charging enhancement method with external compensation. Using these technologies, we improved the luminance efficiency about 20 %, and reduced the gate driver design area to 40%. The pixel charging ratio is more than 80% in all gray levels. Using the developed OLED display, we have successfully developed up to ultra large size 88‐inch 8K, 97‐inch 4K OLED TVs.

This paper proposed the inkjet head and the equipment. To realize high resolution printing with QD ink, we had to overcome the problem of robust inkjet head for QD particles. We proposed the inkjet head to eject high viscosity ink and the ink circulation system to avoid aggregation. Also, we proposed the DPN technology for high resolution printing. By combining the inkjet head technology and the equipment technology, we demonstrated QD color converter‐type Micro LEDs display panels.

Recently, LG Display completed the "EX Technology" development and is prioritizing technological innovation. This technology includes deuterium technology and personalization algorithms, which increase screen brightness (luminance) by 30% compared to existing OLEDs while producing more accurate and natural colors. In this paper, we will describe how deuterium technology can improve the lifetime of OLED products and the degradation mechanism of deuterated materials. By replacing the C‐H bond with a C‐D bond, isotope species exhibit electrochemical stability, leading to a longer device lifetime.

This invited paper reviews the development of all‐inkjet‐printed organic thin‐film transistors and their applications to wearable bioelectronics, for which ultra‐low power, high gain and stretchability are important characteristics. The subthreshold operation of devices is discussed, and a structure for transparent devices is demonstrated.

Recently Meta has successfully launched the Quest Pro VR headset. High resolution local dimming LCDs are paired with pancake lenses to bring an immersive visual experience. In this paper, we will present the overview of Meta Quest Pro Infinite Display architecture, key user experience metrics, and discuss the design challenges.

As the market for near‐eye display devices and other similar devices expands, these devices and their display performance are receiving more and more attention and challenges. Therefore, this paper reports a display module consisting of a high PPI fast LCD based on LTPS backplane paired with an ultra‐multi‐partition Mini‐LED backlight. The display adopts a new pixel structure and is able to achieve a transmission rate of 1.8% and a high contrast ratio of 500:1 on 1411 PPI. Besides, the multi‐partition Mini‐LED backlight unit is able to achieve 1728 partitions of local dimming and high dynamic contrast ratio of the display module, meanwhile the brightness of the backlight is increased by 4.9% with the same power consumption, making the overall display module brighter.

This paper reports on the most recent results of a 2.5um dot pitch 0.18” OLED microdisplay which has been realized in a 28nm CMOS backplane. It proves the general feasibility of small‐node CMOS technologies for microdisplays enabling the integration of far more functionality in the backplane. This has been successfully demonstrated by integrating a complete frame buffer in the backplane which comes with substantial benefits in terms of driving the system from a low‐bandwidth data source. This results in significant power savings and smaller sized systems which improves ergonomics which is another critical key parameter for wearables.

The automotive head‐up display (HUD) was introduced by General Motors in 1988 to prevent driver distraction. Augmented reality (AR) technology has made the HUD more attractive for ADAS visualization, with the ability to overlay driving and sensed information on the road. Early versions of AR‐HUD products have limited functionality due to conventional optic technology and a limited perception of the environment. Future AR‐HUD will require a large field of view, multiplane capability, real‐time sensor fusion and correction, and an embedded system implementation. This paper reviews the future enabling technologies and reference implementations for AR‐HUD.

LED ground display system, as an important outdoor display system in the opening and closing ceremonies of the 24th Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, has brought spectacular and gorgeous artistic presentation to the world. Compared with the traditional outdoor display system, this display system has many innovations in display product design, control system design and field implementation. This paper gives detail introduction to the ground display system, especially about the innovative product design, high reliability design, color correction and on site implementation of the semicircular display area on both sides. It provides a successful design case for world class large‐scale outdoor display system.

This paper discusses the importance of optical testing metrology for near‐eye displays (NED) used in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) environments. The accuracy of parameters such as resolution, contrast, field of view, and color accuracy is critical to the effectiveness of NED. However, existing testing methods for these parameters may not consider the visual characteristics of NED. The paper proposes innovative testing methods for evaluating contrast, pupil swim, and pixel per degree (PPD) in NED. The proposed ANSI contrast test method is found to be more suitable for evaluating the contrast of VR headsets than traditional methods. The paper also proposes two advanced PPD testing methods that take into account lens design and image rendering, providing a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of pixel distribution on screens at different viewing angles. These testing methods have the potential to improve the development of high‐resolution displays and advance our understanding of the perception of visual stimuli.

3D display technology can bring users 3D stereoscopic and realistic visual experience. At present, many types of 3D display technologies have been developed in this field. Among them, naked eye 3D is a more advanced 3D display technology. Compared with traditional polarized 3D display technology, it allows people to directly observe the stereo vision effect without polarized glasses. The naked-eye 3D technology discussed in this paper is based on micro-lens array, which is an important branch in the field of naked-eye 3D display. In this paper, the real-time human eye tracking technology is used to capture the user's human eye coordinates, and the pixel layout on the display module is adjusted in real time according to the human eye coordinate position, so as to ensure that the images taken into the human eye within any visual angle range have a three- dimensional effect. BOE has accumulated many advanced technologies in the field of display and artificial intelligence, especially in the fields of high-resolution display, new display and human eye tracking. This paper focuses on the naked eye 3D display system independently developed by BOE.

This paper reviews recent approaches in the development of high‐ performance metal‐oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) through atomic‐layer deposition (ALD) process. Since metal‐oxide TFTs are contributing as one of the main backplane technology for display products such as organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) televisions, further improvements are aggressively attempted in various approaches. Among them, two mainstream approaches including cation composition ratio variation and novel structural design is introduced. Both approaches are enabled by extensive merits of the ALD process compared to the conventional sputtering process. In this paper, state‐of‐the‐art characteristics of ALD deposited oxide semiconductors are described. Results show promising potential for ALD‐derived metal oxide TFTs as a future candidate for next generation high‐end active‐matrix display devices.

Advances in the brightness, efficiency, and dynamic range of emissive displays are made possible by integrating microLEDs inside every pixel. Economical realization of these displays demands a diverse set of process technologies and device designs to accommodate the characteristics of microLEDs in large‐area formats. Here, we present advancements in stamp‐based mass transfer. We present schemes for packaging microLEDs into multi‐color emitter structures that interface readily with backplane materials. The structures reduce mass transfer cost by increasing parallelism of the process. We demonstrate their utility in active pixel arrays that use microICs as drivers. We introduce a coverglass with light trap film stacks for enhancing contrast in microLED displays. Finally, we present a surface mountable device that incorporates these technologies into a format that is applicable to videowalls and digital signage.

LCD and OLED are presently the two dominating microdisplays for VR headsets. How to achieve high resolution density for wide field of view and eliminating the screen‐door effect, while keeping low power consumption remains a major challenge. For ultracompact and lightweight AR displays, micro‐LED, OLED‐on‐silicon, MEMS, laser beam scan, and front‐lit LCoS are strong contenders. To reduce the required display brightness for low power consumption, and to enable occlusion effect, a segmented smart dimmer is a viable approach. The pros and cons of each approach will be analyzed.

We have investigated the temporal dependence of Micro‐LED arrays with size ranging 7‐100 μm. Under short pulse, 7 μm micro‐LEDs exhibits 20% higher EQE as compared to DC operation condition. The efficiency reduction by sidewall defects in small micro‐LED could be significantly reduced by applying short voltage pulse.

A new folded optical system with an enhanced efficiency using two polarization‐selective cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors is proposed. In conventional pancake optics, the optical path length is tripled but its efficiency drops to 25%. Our new configuration provides 50% efficiency, while the optical path length is doubled.

Liquid crystal optics are highly favorable for AR/VR/MR near‐eye displays because of the capability of modulating polarization and phase in an ultra‐compact profile. In this presentation, we discuss state‐of‐the‐art LC polarization hologram solutions for AR/VR/MR display technical needs, followed by remaining challenges and opportunities in the way towards high‐image‐quality and all‐day‐wearable near‐eye displays.

Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) can double the energy of excited states. We utilized a charge transfer state at an organic semiconductor interface as a precursor for efficient TTA. As a result, a solid‐state photon upconversion from near‐infrared to visible light is achieved with an efficiency that is two orders of magnitude higher than those demonstrated by conventional systems. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an efficient organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) can be operated by only a 1.5 V battery.

In order to satisfy the special demand of AR products for ultra‐high luminescence and high resolution full‐color silicon‐based OLED micro displays, a silicon‐based OLED micro display with resolution of more than 4000 ppi (0.36 inch with 1280×720) and a luminescence of more than 5000 nit is investigated. First, the design scheme of high‐resolution silicon‐based OLED driver is introduced. Based on the scheme of strong microcavity effect OLED device, the structure of red, green and blue monochrome luminescence enhancement is verified, and the current efficiency reaches 60 cd A‐1, 95 cd A‐1and 6 cd A‐1, respectively. Finally, the development of HD036 chip is finished, and the high luminescence full‐color silicon‐based OLED micro display device with ppi more than 4000, luminescence more than 5000 nit, and color gamut more than 85% is achieved. The effect of virtual reality overlay display is achieved by the verification of AR machine.

We have successfully developed stable poly‐crystalline oxide semiconductor (Poly‐OS) as channels of TFT on Gen.6 glass substrates. This technology has significantly improved mobility and stability at the same time, achieving both extremely low off‐state current similar to conventional oxide TFTs and high on‐state current equivalent to LTPS TFTs.

As the industrialization of waveguide based AR devices is progressing, considerations around design based shaping of waveguides as well as robustness move into focus. A promising approach for scalable free‐form cutting with high strength and precision is the utilization of ultrashort pulsed lasers. Various possible laser process parameters and different material compositions of high index glasses are challenging the optimization with respect to strength of the glass. SCHOTT AG and 3D‐Micromac AG optimized a separation process towards high and predictable bending strength and integrated it into a modular machine concept freely scalable from lab to mass production use.

A low power consumption is an essential issue for all of the electrical products, especially for the wearable electrical products, and the liquid crystal displays. This manuscript proposed a single polarized light emitting diode (LED) chip which is used for a direct back light unit for LCD. A wire grid polarizer and a meta‐ surface textures are set on the top and bottom of the LED chip in order to obtain a high polarization and transparency. After optimization the potential parameters, the transmittance of TM and the polarization are 93.71% and 99.3% respectively. It can replace the normal LED of direct back light unit in order to obtain a high efficiency of 20% improvement, by comparing liquid crystal display using the APF polarizer. It can be used for reducing power consumption and supply dependence, as well as the cost of displays.

E Ink's Gallery™ 3 with SDTC's IGZO backplane are being developed to have short page update time and good color image quality for full‐color EPD. Since the backplane for Gallery™ 3 must be driven by high voltage approximately close to +/‐ 30V, stable TFT characteristics and low TFT off‐leakage under high voltage application are important. SDTC's IGZO TFT was confirmed to be superior in terms of stability against high voltage application. An 8‐inch 300dpi Gallery™ 3, which is now in mass production, achieves page update time of less than 1 second in full color mode and 0.35 seconds in monochrome mode. Beyond the IGZO TFT employed in the 8‐ inch Gallery™ 3 panel, we have also proved the IGZO TFT with further high mobility, whose mobility is 3‐times higher than that of the current 8” panel, developed at SDTC has excellent characteristics stability against high voltage application as well, and it is currently being developed for mass production of EPD. We are also developing flexible IGZO EPD and large screen size IGZO signage EPD as the future technologies.

Applied Materials is pursuing an innovative and manufacturing scalable approach to fabricate full‐color microLED displays on active‐matrix TFT backplanes with four subpixels, high‐efficiency UV‐A microLEDs and in‐situ curing of Cd‐free R/G/B QD formulations. A simplified die‐transfer and much reduced die repair scheme using the 4th subpixel are developed and demonstrated. The readiness of manufacturing tools, materials and processes, and the development of microLEDs with size down to 6µm will be discussed along with progress in assembling smartwatch size displays of superior performance.

Augmentation is highly valuable for traffic safety in manual drive, builds trust in ADAS functionality and well‐being in autonomous mode. HUDs and transparent displays have limitations. Video‐AR is easiest to implement but unergonomic. We prototyped and evaluated successfully a 150 cm wide graphics RGB LED display at the bottom of the windshield.

We have developed a full‐color retinal scan AR display presenting a focus‐free image with a novel pupil switching system featuring a holographic lens array on multiple waveguide optics. The display demonstrated a stereoscopic image with 50° diagonal field of view and 5.0‐mm eyebox.

We achieved the field of view (FoV) limit in a single full‐color waveguide, enabled by an optimized three‐layer polarization volume grating (PVG) as an in‐coupler. Pairing with a single‐layer PVG with small thickness as an out‐coupler, we realized a relatively uniform exit pupil of 6 mm in horizontal direction.

In this study, we present a flexible but robust cover window with enhanced bending stiffness. Flexible yet wear‐resistant surface protection material is selectively coated on the folding area. Meanwhile, hardcoating material of high indentation modulus is covered on rigid parts. We study the optical properties, surface hardness, and folding reliability of cover window samples.

We have developed novel cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch‐LC) films creating angle insensitive reflective colors. The wavy alignment formed by rapid change of the helical twisting power (HTP) enables the suppression of color shift with different incident angles. With this approach various decorative films for innovative applications can be created.

Driven by the need for new affordable wireless data communication technologies, special liquid crystals have been developed and optimized for use in microwave components above 10 GHz. As tunable dielectrics, they pave the way for continuously tunable antennas for SATCOM and wireless 5G/6G applications either fixed at home or on‐the‐move. This presentation gives an insight into the current material development with special focus on the application in transparent antennas for fixed 5G access. Sunlight stability tests for an equivalent device lifetime of 5 years were conducted resulting in yellowing index values of < 4, being 2.5 times less than the required threshold.

Epitaxial semiconductors dominate infrared sensing applications to date, albeit their intrinsic opacity and brittleness per se limit the possibilities of developing novel technologies. Here, we demonstrate a visible‐blind, all‐organic infrared visualization device that can differentiate the incident infrared power density down to 12 μW cm ‐2from the intense ambient light illumination of 2000 lux with the help of a hybrid organic‐inorganic metal halide perovskites as a bandpass filter.

Flexible display technology has been successfully commercialized with foldable and rollable displays. Because of the limitation of the flexible technology, stretchable displays have attracted great attention which capable of realizing freeform design as a post‐flexible display. However, no technology has yet provided sufficient stretchability and resolution to realize genuine free‐form displays. We report on a highly deformable AMOLED display which capable of elongation over 20%. Moreover, our display is capable of more than 15% shrinkage deformation. We also developed low‐temperature thermal shrink process to make the most of the potential of the display. The fabricated full‐color stretchable AMOLED shows excellent deformability with high pixel density.

Recently, compactness of Head Mounted Display (HMD) product has been strongly required to improve comfortableness of user. The folded optics, so‐called ‘Pancake optics', is suitable for realizing compact HMD, but there is a big drawback of lowering light efficiency. To overcome this problem, we propose novel pancakebased HMD optics named ‘Double path pancake optics' using two light paths. The optical simulation is performed and we fixed the appropriate design. From our simple evaluation of transmittance, we conclude that light efficiency of ‘Double path pancake optics' becomes 1.8 times higher than conventional pancake optics. We made the prototype using 1,200ppi high resolution Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and confirmed that the high image quality can be displayed.

We report and discuss the challenges to realize a nanoLED based display from the perspective of materials and processes. Additionally, we report on an active‐matrix nanoLED display using cadmium free Quantum Dots (QDs) patterned by photolithography in the atmosphere.

In this work real‐time ultraviolet photodetectors are realized through metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) structures. Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) is used as semiconductor material and gold as metal electrodes. The readout of an individual sensor is implemented by a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) consisting of an allenhancement a‐IGZO thin film transistor (TFT) operational amplifier and a switched capacitor (SC) as feedback resistance. The photosensor and the transimpedance amplifier are both manufactured on glass substrates. The measured photosensor possesses a high responsivity R, a low response time tRESand a good noise equivalent power value NEP.