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At present, it is the most important period to achieve the dual carbon goal and China 's economic transformation. The Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle plan is an important national policy proposed to promote the high-quality economic development of western China. However, due to the influence of geographical location, the frequent natural disasters in the economic circle of Chengdu and Chongqing have become a problem that cannot be ignored in the process of economic development. Many studies have discussed the relationship between natural hazards and economic development or between resource utilization and economic development in megacities, but little attention has been paid to the relationship between the three in intra-city development. This paper takes three cities in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle as examples. The environment-resource-economy related evaluation factors are selected from various aspects such as hazard, vulnerability, susceptibility and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity. And establish a suitable evaluation system for disaster risk assessment. At the same time, our study demonstrates the uniqueness of the study by taking different disasters in different regions as entry points. The results of the study show that, although the natural hazards that often occur in cities are not the same, there is a strong repetition of the characteristics that characterize the disaster (extreme) high risk areas. The occurrence of natural disasters has a significant impact on infrastructure, human safety and economic development and recovery in areas of high human activity. Moreover, the progress of energy conservation and emission reduction varies greatly among cities due to factors such as geographic location and natural resources, and there are still cases of uneven development, lagging industrial innovation and high dependence on energy for economic development. These results can help mega-city clusters to provide opinions on economic development, energy saving and emission reduction, disaster prevention and control, and other aspects. Provide reference for the government to rationally plan the economic and industrial layout in the future. Remind the relevant departments in high-risk areas that they should enrich emergency response measures and strengthen hazard screening. Improve disaster prevention and control capacity to reduce losses and promote the coordinated development of environment-resources-economy. This is of great significance and practical value for better understanding of the environment, utilizing natural resources, avoiding and mitigating losses from natural disasters, and realizing the dual-carbon goal. • Analysis and research from different impact factors, evaluation of different types of disasters in different cities. • The high-risk areas of disasters in each city have the same characteristics. • The occurrence of natural disasters will inevitably have a great impact on economic development and recovery. • Small cities have limited resources and focus on the development of pillar industries, affecting planning and policies. • Cities still suffer from uneven development and lagging industrial innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural decline is a severe global problem. The sustainable development of rural areas is in jeopardy due to rapid migration out of rural areas and the separation of rural housing and jobs. Rural housing-jobs synergy (RHJS) is conducive to promoting high-quality and sustainable development of rural areas. Based on rural permanent population, rural employment population, and rural working-age population data from 2007 to 2020, this study applied spatial autocorrelation analysis and Geodetector model to explore the spatio-temporal pattern and driving factors of RHJS at the county scale in Chongqing. Results showed that RHJS in Chongqing demonstrated a steady upward trend and showed spatial heterogeneity. The spatial layout of RHJS was characterized by spatial agglomeration. RHJS hotspots are all located in the yuzhong district and has advantages in terms of its natural resource environment and market placement, while the coldspots are concentrated in the northeast of Chongqing with generally poor conditions. The internal drivers of county RHJS have gradually shifted from a mix of resource-environmental factors and economic factors to a combination of economic factors and social public service factors, with the influence of social public service factors increasing. Market location was the main external driving factor for RHJS, and the influence of technological innovation factors is growing. The degree of influence of the selected variables in each driver on RHIS varies spatially and temporally, and improving RHIS can be accomplished by optimizing the industrial structure, boosting investment in science and technology, and improving the quality of social public services such as healthcare. The proximity of provincial capital cities, the income ratio of urban and rural residents, and the altitude have a significant negative effect on the regional divergence, they are the main variables affecting the RHJS divergence. These findings will assist decision-makers in developing future rural sustainable development policies for the construction of livable and employable villages and optimize rural areas spatial structures by RHJS situation and its driving factors in various regions of counties in mountainous and hilly ecologically fragile areas, and also serve as a useful reference for sustainable a rural development research in other developing countries. • This paper extends the measurement of the job-housing balance in urban research to rural areas. • Analyzing the definition of rural housing-jobs synergy (RHJS) from the perspectives of functional balance and efficiency. • The interaction of internal and external factors was found to determine the degree of the RHJS at the county level. • This research has significance for the rural revitalization and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While various empirical studies have been conducted to unpack the links which exist between spatial pattern and commuting costs, the interactions remain unclear given the variations in environmental contexts and methods for identifying polycentricity. Furthermore, there has been limited attention given to mountainous metropolitan areas where the urban structure is greatly influenced by natural barriers. This paper proposes two indicators of centrality by exploring spatial distribution of urban functions and functional linkages respectively, and examines how the two centrality indicators are related to commuting costs in Chongqing, China. The findings confirm the urban structure of Chongqing as being polycentric from both morphological and functional dimensions. The modelling results suggest that both morphological centrality and functional centrality are positively related to commuting costs. The cross-level interactions of variables highlight the significant role that morphological centrality has in a mountainous area. Furthermore, the spatial mismatch of employment and residency varied in different areas of Chongqing; suggesting that there is a need for policy interventions to promote land use mix and jobs-housing balance. • Adopt a micro perspective to characterize the urban polycentricity in Chongqing, which enhances the conceptualisation and measurement of centrality. • Identify taxi commuting patterns and travel behaviour in Chongqing, which could shed light on jobs-housing balance in a typical mountainous context. • Transport and urban policy interventions are suggested for improved jobs-housing relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remediation of rural human settlements is receiving increasing attention in contemporary China. Evaluating the resilience of rural human settlements and formulating site-specific remediation strategies are crucial for realizing China's rural revitalization goals. Based on the social-ecological system (SES) theory, this study establishes a theoretical framework for understanding the resilience of rural human settlements. Building upon this framework, an index system for assessing the resilience is constructed across three dimensions: the resource subsystem, the actor subsystem, and the governance subsystem. The study then analyzes the resilience level of rural human settlements and the interactions among these subsystems, using Chongqing Municipality as an example. The main study conclusions are as follows. First, the resilience index of rural human settlements in Chongqing exhibits spatial heterogeneity and imbalances among subsystems. Specifically, the average resilience index of the resource subsystem is lower than that of other subsystems and there is noticeable spatial heterogeneity in resilience indices among different counties. Second, resilience in rural human settlements is a complex outcome resulting from interactions among multiple subsystems within the SES. These subsystems interact through a two-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement relationship. Third, the main barriers to the resilience in rural human settlements in Chongqing are related to the resource subsystem, particularly per capita wetland resources, followed by challenges within the governance and actor subsystem, such as rural population density. Fourth, the SES theory can better guide the resilience evaluation of rural human settlements. To improve that resilience, we recommend adopting a systemism perspective, treating rural human settlements as SES entities, and paying attention to the important role of rural inhabitants as the main body of environmental governance. Additionally, tailored environmental governance measures should be developed based on the resilience characteristics and interactions between the subsystems. The research results expand the application field of SES theory and provide novel insights and valuable theoretical guidance for studying the resilience of rural human settlements. ● Rural human settlements (RHS) are a typical social-ecological system (SES). ● The SES framework provides an important theoretical perspective for understanding and evaluating RHS resilience. ● The dimensions of actor and governance systems have an important impact on the resilience of RHS. ● This paper provides new empirical evidence from China to expand upon the conclusions of previous theoretical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Provision of land for urban development and the protection of cultivated land has been a dilemma in Chinese urbanization. • Dipiao, a development rights transfer mechanism intends to address dilemma of Chinese urbanization. • Dipiao mechanism promote urban rural integration. • Mechanism of Dipiao is able to improve land use efficiency, protect rural land, and increase peasants' income. • Some factors, e.g. higher cost, uncertainty, and others affect effective and efficient delivery of Dipiao in Chongqing. A contradictory policy in Chinese rapid urbanization comes from the twin demands for urban development land uses due to urban expansion and the protection of cultivated land for food security. Dipiao , a type of development rights transfer in Chongqing, aims at protecting cultivated land, optimizing the urban-rural land use structure, increasing villagers' income and easing the tensions between cultivated land protection and urban land development. The mechanism of Dipiao seems to be a solution to address the Chinese dilemma of land uses in urbanization. However, after delivery of this mechanism for 4 years, the market of Dipiao began to fall, especially on the demand side. The purpose of this paper is to study the determinant factors, including higher cost, uncertainty and decreases in benefits, developers' unfulfilled expectations, and accessibility to alternatives, that affect the market of Dipiao. It is expected that this research may offer some inspiration to government policy makers to reduce transitional costs in the Dipiao mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]