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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic pollutants widely present in various environmental media. Some PAHs have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. Urban lakes are severely polluted by PAHs due to human activities. Longyang Lake (LL) and Moshui Lake (ML), which serve as entry lakes for Wuhan's "Six Lakes Connectivity" project, were chosen as the study areas to learn about the migration of PAHs. Water flows from LL to ML through the Mingzhu River. Multi-Media Mass Balance Model (MMBM) and fugacity fractions (ff) were used to characterize the migration of PAHs under the hydrological connectivity project. Compared to f f , the MMBM can describe the migration of PAHs in a more detailed and quantitative way. The concentration of PAHs in water of LL decreased from 36.5 ng L−1 to 26.59 ng L−1 over 43 days, while those in ML increased from 46.8 ng L−1 to 198.25 ng L−1 over 141 days. Sediment takes a longer time to decrease to stabilization. The concentration of PAHs in the sediment of LL decreased from 932 ng g−1 to 0.95 ng g−1 over 13.33 years, while those in ML decreased from 4812 ng g−1 to 1.04 ng g−1 over 16.96 years. The stabilized concentrations were consistently lower than the observed concentrations and fell below the modeled stabilized concentrations obtained in the unconnected case (2170 ng L−1 in water and 40.81 ng g−1 in sediment). The MMBM showed that PAHs in the lake are mainly exported through runoff. However, modeling results indicated that upstream LL did not increase total PAHs concentrations in the ML because the output from ML was significantly higher. Sediment parameters sensitively influenced the results of the model. Although the simulation results showed reductions of PAHs pollution in two lakes under the hydrological connectivity project, long-term monitoring results are needed to optimize the model. [Display omitted] • The Multi-Media Mass Balance Model details migration trends of PAHs. • Concentrations of downstream PAHs were not enhanced by inputs of upstream lake PAHs. • Hydrological Connectivity Project reduced PAHs concentration in both lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and pose a range of biological effects including endocrine disruption. Yet, knowledge of their occurrence in wildlife including seabirds remains scarce. We investigated the occurrence of selected bisphenols, benzophenones, phthalate metabolites, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, parabens, triclosan, and triclocarban in plasma of 18 breeding female common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from an endangered population in the Baltic Sea as most of these CECs have never before been examined in eiders. We sampled blood at the start (T1) and end (T2) of incubation to investigate concentration changes during incubation. As early- and late-breeding eiders tend to differ in how they finance reproduction (local vs stored nutrient reserves), we compared early and late breeders to assess whether CEC concentrations differed by breeding phenology. Of the 58 targeted CECs, 21 were detected in at least one female, with bisphenol A (BPA) and benzophenone-3 (BzP-3) occurring most frequently (T1: 78% and 61%; T2: 61% and 67%, respectively), while mono(2-ethyl-1-hexyl) phthalate (mEHP), BPA, and monoethyl phthalate (mEP) were detected in the highest concentrations (median concentrations 27.1, 12.7, and 11.2 ng/g wet weight, respectively, at T1). No CEC concentrations differed between early and late incubation. Late breeders had significantly higher concentrations of BzP-3, monomethyl phthalate (mMP), and mEP during early incubation (4.55 vs 1.24 ng/g ww, 7.05 vs 3.52, and 11.2 vs < limit of detection (LOD), respectively) and significantly higher concentrations of mMP and mEP during late incubation (6.16 vs

Imidacloprid (IMI), a leading neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used in China. Nevertheless, owing to its high toxicity to pollinators, regulatory scrutiny of its usage has increased in recent years. Despite this, no relevant issues have been announced in China, and its usage continues to rise. In this study, we systematically reviewed the development history, pollution characteristics, and environmental problems associated with IMI in China, which is imperative to promote its green development. The results show that most IMI products (97.1%) in China are registered for agricultural use. Owing to its extensive use and strong migration ability in different environmental matrices, IMI has been broadly detected in multiple environmental media. The average detection rate (DR) of IMI in soils, ambient water, and sediments were 90.7%, 81.3% and 84.5%, respectively, and the corresponding concentrations were 54.6 ± 83.8 ng/g dry weight (dw), 32.8 ± 103 ng/L, and 1.7 ± 2.9 ng/g dw, respectively, indicating high IMI abundance in multiple environmental media in China. The spatiotemporal distribution of IMI was generally determined by its application modes, transport, and degradation rates. IMI is commonly overused in China, leading to the development of high IMI resistance in many pests, and a high DR of IMI in food, drinking water, and human bodies. To alleviate IMI pollution in China, the joint efforts of the government, farmers, and scientists are necessary, including but not limited to formulating laws and regulations, strengthening governmental supervision, improving farmers' knowledge of IMI use, and promoting technological innovation in IMI and application methods. [Display omitted] • Imidacloprid (IMI) was broadly detected in multiple environment media in China. • Pesticide compounding and seed coating are common practices for new IMI products. • High residues in humans and increased insect resistance primarily limit IMI's further use. • Farmers, governments, and professionals should collaborate to reduce IMI pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arctic region, including Svalbard, faces unique environmental challenges from the presence and persistence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), pollutants known for their long-range atmospheric transport and potential local sources. In Svalbard, the melting of sea ice and glaciers due to climate change may release OCPs trapped over decades, while human activities in the area could contribute additional local contamination. This study aimed to identify and quantify different sources of OCPs in soil and marine sediments at Svalbard. Samples were collected from Kongsfjorden, Rijpfjorden, and in Ny-Ålesund. The concentrations of 23 OCPs in sediments sampled were in the range of 0.36–0.90 ng/g, which were lower than those in the soils from Ny-Ålesund (0.28 ng/g to 3.6 ng/g). The highest OCP levels were detected at locations near the research station in Ny-Ålesund, where local contamination from research activities, mining, and dumpsites could occur. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were the most prominent compound, followed by various DDTs and HCHs. Dignostic ratios and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model were employed to determine the primary sources of OCPs. The results from modeling showed that historically used pollutants were the primary contributor, accounting for 90% of OCPs present, while recently input OCPs were a minor contributor. However, newly input pollutants significantly contributed to HCHs (43%). It is suggested that the contribution of legacy OCPs mainly comes from the melting of sea ice and glaciers. This was especially true for Rijpfjorden (95%), while it was also significant for Kongsfjorden (55%). The local contamination and fresh inputs played a substantial role in the area near the research station in Ny-Ålesund. The study emphasizes the importance of secondly source, especially the role of melting sea ice and glaciers as well as local contaminations as sources of OCPs in Svalbard's marine sediment, which highlight the urgent need to address the impact of climate change on the Arctic environment. [Display omitted] • The highest concentrations of OCPs were found in soil samples from Ny-Ålesund. • Melting sea ice and glaciers significantly contribute to OCP in Svalbard's marine sediments. • Newly input pollutants significantly contributed to HCHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has emerged as a global concern. To mitigate the potential threats by MPs, particularly to coastal regions, it is crucial to comprehend the environmental behavior of MPs and their affiliated chemicals. In the present study, we collected floating MPs using a Manta net (0.33 mm mesh size) in a one-year sampling event in 2022 from the eight major estuaries in the Pearl River Delta, China, and also from five coastal sites in August and December in the same year. Nineteen linear alkylbenzenes (∑ 19 LAB) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑ 16 PAH) affiliated with MPs were measured. The mean concentrations of MPs-affiliated ∑ 19 LAB and ∑ 16 PAH were 6710 (range: 3400–12300) and 5310 (range: 817–19,600) ng g−1, respectively, at the estuarine sites, and were 4920 (range: 2400–7600) and 2610 (range: 911–7890) ng g−1, respectively, at the coastal sites. Significant correlations were found between logarithmic MPs–water partition coefficients (log K pw) and logarithmic suspended particulate matter–water partition coefficients (log K d) values for LABs and PAHs, indicating analogous partitioning dynamics for MPs and suspended particulate matter with water. The annual riverine outflows were 1170 and 414 g for ∑ 19 LAB and ∑ 16 PAH, respectively. Although the riverine outflows of LABs and PAHs carried by MPs remain negligible compared to those by suspended particulate matter, an upward trend was identified between 2018 and 2022. Notably, the riverine input of LABs and PAHs carried by suspended particulate matter to the coastal ocean decreased from 2005/2006 to 2022, due to a combination of improved technological processes and energy structures. [Display omitted] • Levels of microplastics (MPs) and sorbed LABs and PAHs are related to anthropogenic factors. • Partitioning of MPs and suspended particulate matter with LABs or PAHs is similar. • Negligible amounts of LABs and PAHs were carried by MPs, but increased from 2018 to 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the concentrations, origins, and carcinogenic potential of n -alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) collected from Shalateen sediments (Sh), Red Sea, Egypt were discussed. Individual n -alkanes has fluctuated from a minimum of 17.7 μg/g dw recorded for C-9 at Sh-54 to a maximum of 2.02 × 104 μg/g dw recorded for C-12 at Sh-B1. Total n -alkanes have fluctuated from 252–1.41 × 104 μg/g with a mean of 4.84 × 104 μg/g dw. C-12 had the highest average value, and C-19 had the lowest. The total ΣPAH concentrations in sediments from Shalateen as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) ranged from 43.2 to 270 ng/g dw (averaging 95.2 ng/g dw). Carbon preference index (CPI) values were <1, consistent with the prevalence of even-C alkanes vs. the odd-C homologues. High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were the most abundant substances affecting the collected samples. The cancer risk ranged from 2.25 × 10−5 to 4.78 × 10−2, indicating a moderate cancer risk associated with PAHs. The primary sources of PAHs in sediments included emissions from burning gasoline and diesel, biomass, and natural gas. The current study is considered one of the most important and unique with regard to the amounts and distributions of n -alkanes and PAHs in sediments along the coasts of Shalateen. It is the first baseline data documentation (GC MS/MS approach) of n-alkanes and PAHs in the Shalateen region. [Display omitted] • n -Alkanes ranged from 17.7 to 2.02 × 104 μg/g dw with a mean of 4.84 × 104 μg/g dw. • PAHs in sediments ranged from 43.2 to 270 ng/g dw with an average of 95.2 ng/g dw. • Gasoline, diesel, biomass, and natural gas combustion were the PAHs sources in sediments. • PAH health risk values showed a moderate cancer risk associated with sediments. • Molecular indices for n -alkanes in Shalateen sediments proved a petrogenic source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic musks (SMs) commonly used in personal care products can accumulate in the estuarine environment, but influencing factors on their distribution at large-scale region remain largely unexplored. Herein, surface sediment samples from 18 main estuaries of China and two river outlets in the Yangtze River Estuary were collected to discern the spatial and temporal variations of SMs. Moreover, fourteen influencing factors consisting of natural and anthropogenic parameters were scrutinized and their significance were analyzed by using Spearman's rank correlation and Random Forest. The widespread distribution of SMs were observed in Chinese estuarine sediments with the levels ranging from < reporting limit to 28 ng g−1 on a basis of dry weight (mean: 3.5 ng g−1). Predominated polycyclic musks shared similar sources both spatially and temporally. Positive correlation was found between SMs and total organic carbon in sediments, whereas the SM distribution was strongly influenced by regional anthropogenic activities. Regional population density was the primary influencing factor, followed by gross domestic product per unit area and wet deposition of particulate matters. A good correlation between SMs and water quality category indicated SMs could serve as an indicator for water quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the main influencing factors on SM distribution in estuarine sediments, aiming to better understand the distribution and fate of emerging organic chemicals in the estuarine environment. [Display omitted] • First large-scale observation of synthetic musks (SMs) in Chinese estuary. • No significant temporal variations of SMs at two river outlets from 2007 to 2019. • Strong influence on SMs in estuarine sediments by regional anthropogenic activities. • Wet deposition as an important potential pathway for SMs in estuarine sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the presence, distribution, and potential impacts of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) on the Antarctic marine environment. The analysis results from the King Sejong Station, the Jang Bogo Station, and Cape Evans revealed the highest concentrations of both PFASs and HBCDs at King Sejong Station, indicating the significant influence of human activity. Short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) dominated the seawater samples, with PFPeA at the highest concentration (0.076 ng/L) at King Sejong Station, whereas perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) were prevalent in the sediments, with PFHxS reaching 0.985 ng/g. Total PFASs in benthos ranged from N.D. to 2.40 ng/g ww across all stations. This indicated the effects of long-range transport and glacial meltwater. α-HBCD was the most common diastereomer in benthos samples, detected in 58.3% of samples, suggesting its selective persistency. Although risk quotient analysis revealed low immediate risks to lower-trophic organisms, potential risks remain owing to their persistence and bioaccumulation potential. Contaminant patterns changed after regulations: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) levels decreased, unregulated PFASs increased, HBCD stereoisomer ratios shifted towards α-HBCD dominance, and overall HBCD concentrations declined. Widespread persistence of regulated substances was observed in Antarctic environments, highlighting the need for comprehensive and long-term monitoring strategies. This study provides essential baseline data on contaminant distributions across the Southern Ocean, contributing to our understanding of emerging pollutants in Antarctic regions and informing future environmental protection efforts. [Display omitted] • Highest PFAS and HBCD levels at King Sejong Station show human activity's impact on Antarctica. • Short-chain PFCAs dominated seawater, indicating long-range transport and glacial melt influence. • α-HBCD predominated in benthos due to bioaccumulation and long-range atmospheric transport. • Risk quotient analysis showed low immediate risk, but long-term ecosystem health concerns persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacterial blooms are increasingly common in aquatic environments, raising concerns about the health impacts associated with the toxins they produce. One of these toxins is β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxin linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Monitoring BMAA levels in the environment is challenging due to trace concentrations and complex matrices, and new approaches are needed for assessing exposure risk. In this laboratory study, Australian freshwater mussels, Velesunio ambiguus , were exposed to a BMAA-producing cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa , to assess its accumulation of the toxin over time. A sample preparation and analysis method was developed to allow accurate quantification of BMAA in the mussels at concentrations as low as 0.4 ng/g. Mussels exposed to M. aeruginosa accumulated BMAA, with concentrations increasing over the exposure period. Rapid depuration occurred after exposure to the cyanobacterium ended, with concentrations of BMAA quickly returning to pre-exposure levels. These results demonstrate the potential for mussels to be used as bioindicators in the field for monitoring BMAA levels over time, where rapid depuration is unlikely. [Display omitted] • V. ambiguus mussels have potential as bioindicators of BMAA. • Mussels showed BMAA uptake when exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa. • Rapid depuration following exposure demands careful sampling plans in situ. • A sensitive method was developed to detect BMAA in mussels at 0.4 ng/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly found in the marine environment and can have harmful impacts on marine biodiversity. Therefore, investigation of the occurrence, source and risks of PAHs is of great importance to protect ecosystem and human health. The objectives of this work were to assess the concentrations and distribution of PAHs in marine sediments and in mollusc bivalve (Callista chione) along the Mediterranean coasts of Morocco and finally evaluate the risk to human health caused by exposure to PAHs. Five sediments samples and seventy five C. chione specimens, were collected along the Moroccan Mediterranean coasts. The ∑PAHs levels in sediment varied considerably, varying from 1 to 251 ng/g with an average of 50.38 ng/g, while values for bivalves varied from 1 to 51 ng/g dw with an average concentration of 16.76 ng/g dw. The PAHs profile indicates the dominance of 2 and 3 rings PAHs both in bivalves and sediments. PAH concentrations generally rise as one moves from northeast to northwest part of the studied area, closer to the Strait of Gibraltar. The assessment of PAH isomeric ratios revealed a mixed pyrolytic/petrogenic source. Based on the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the risk of PAHs in the sediments was considered to be comparatively low. Similarly, Ecological risk assessment based on risk quotient (RQ) and toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) revealed potentially low ecological risks from PAHs. Exposure to PAHs via bivalve consumption does not cause adverse impacts on the health of consumers following the calculated health risk indices. As the levels of PAHs in biota are not negligible, continuous mentioning marine organisms campaigns should be performed to highlight the distribution and concentration of PAHs and assess the risk for human health from consumption of seafood. [Display omitted] • High concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was detected in Fnideq. • Two- and three-ring PAHs were dominant in sediment and bivalves. • The major sources of PAHs are both pyrogenic and petrogenic. • The risk to human health were evaluated at low levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental contamination of ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) has attracted global attention for the persistence, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity. However, little is known about the content and distribution characteristics of UVAs in agricultural soils, especially in facility agricultural soils. In this study, the contents and distribution characteristics of 16 UVAs were surveyed in agricultural facility soils (N = 61) and field soil samples (N = 61) from 27 provinces in China. The total content of 16 UVAs (Σ 16 UVAs) in facility soils (mean 64.2 ± 55.4 ng/g) was higher than that in field soils (mean 9.66 ± 7.66 ng/g), suggesting that UVAs in facility soils are associated with mulch film. The Σ 16 UVAs content in the soil mulched with biodegradable (PBAT) film was higher than that in the soil mulched with polyethylene (PE) film, which indicated that the UVA pollution in the soil mulched with biodegradable film was more serious. With the continuous promotion of the use of biodegradable films may pose a threat to soil and ecological health. Therefore, studies on the content and distribution characteristics of UVAs in facility soils are needed to provide scientific basis for the controlling and monitoring of novel pollutants. [Display omitted] • Plastics are an important source of ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) in facility soils. • Film material is the main factor affecting UVA concentration in facility soils. • The content of 16 UVAs in facility agricultural soil samples exhibited higher levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the presence, distribution, and potential impacts of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) on the Antarctic marine environment. The analysis results from the King Sejong Station, the Jang Bogo Station, and Cape Evans revealed the highest concentrations of both PFASs and HBCDs at King Sejong Station, indicating the significant influence of human activity. Short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) dominated the seawater samples, with PFPeA at the highest concentration (0.076 ng/L) at King Sejong Station, whereas perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) were prevalent in the sediments, with PFHxS reaching 0.985 ng/g. Total PFASs in benthos ranged from N.D. to 2.40 ng/g ww across all stations. This indicated the effects of long-range transport and glacial meltwater. α-HBCD was the most common diastereomer in benthos samples, detected in 58.3% of samples, suggesting its selective persistency. Although risk quotient analysis revealed low immediate risks to lower-trophic organisms, potential risks remain owing to their persistence and bioaccumulation potential. Contaminant patterns changed after regulations: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) levels decreased, unregulated PFASs increased, HBCD stereoisomer ratios shifted towards α-HBCD dominance, and overall HBCD concentrations declined. Widespread persistence of regulated substances was observed in Antarctic environments, highlighting the need for comprehensive and long-term monitoring strategies. This study provides essential baseline data on contaminant distributions across the Southern Ocean, contributing to our understanding of emerging pollutants in Antarctic regions and informing future environmental protection efforts. [Display omitted] • Highest PFAS and HBCD levels at King Sejong Station show human activity's impact on Antarctica. • Short-chain PFCAs dominated seawater, indicating long-range transport and glacial melt influence. • α-HBCD predominated in benthos due to bioaccumulation and long-range atmospheric transport. • Risk quotient analysis showed low immediate risk, but long-term ecosystem health concerns persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacterial blooms are increasingly common in aquatic environments, raising concerns about the health impacts associated with the toxins they produce. One of these toxins is β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxin linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Monitoring BMAA levels in the environment is challenging due to trace concentrations and complex matrices, and new approaches are needed for assessing exposure risk. In this laboratory study, Australian freshwater mussels, Velesunio ambiguus , were exposed to a BMAA-producing cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa , to assess its accumulation of the toxin over time. A sample preparation and analysis method was developed to allow accurate quantification of BMAA in the mussels at concentrations as low as 0.4 ng/g. Mussels exposed to M. aeruginosa accumulated BMAA, with concentrations increasing over the exposure period. Rapid depuration occurred after exposure to the cyanobacterium ended, with concentrations of BMAA quickly returning to pre-exposure levels. These results demonstrate the potential for mussels to be used as bioindicators in the field for monitoring BMAA levels over time, where rapid depuration is unlikely. [Display omitted] • V. ambiguus mussels have potential as bioindicators of BMAA. • Mussels showed BMAA uptake when exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa. • Rapid depuration following exposure demands careful sampling plans in situ. • A sensitive method was developed to detect BMAA in mussels at 0.4 ng/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly found in the marine environment and can have harmful impacts on marine biodiversity. Therefore, investigation of the occurrence, source and risks of PAHs is of great importance to protect ecosystem and human health. The objectives of this work were to assess the concentrations and distribution of PAHs in marine sediments and in mollusc bivalve (Callista chione) along the Mediterranean coasts of Morocco and finally evaluate the risk to human health caused by exposure to PAHs. Five sediments samples and seventy five C. chione specimens, were collected along the Moroccan Mediterranean coasts. The ∑PAHs levels in sediment varied considerably, varying from 1 to 251 ng/g with an average of 50.38 ng/g, while values for bivalves varied from 1 to 51 ng/g dw with an average concentration of 16.76 ng/g dw. The PAHs profile indicates the dominance of 2 and 3 rings PAHs both in bivalves and sediments. PAH concentrations generally rise as one moves from northeast to northwest part of the studied area, closer to the Strait of Gibraltar. The assessment of PAH isomeric ratios revealed a mixed pyrolytic/petrogenic source. Based on the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the risk of PAHs in the sediments was considered to be comparatively low. Similarly, Ecological risk assessment based on risk quotient (RQ) and toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) revealed potentially low ecological risks from PAHs. Exposure to PAHs via bivalve consumption does not cause adverse impacts on the health of consumers following the calculated health risk indices. As the levels of PAHs in biota are not negligible, continuous mentioning marine organisms campaigns should be performed to highlight the distribution and concentration of PAHs and assess the risk for human health from consumption of seafood. [Display omitted] • High concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was detected in Fnideq. • Two- and three-ring PAHs were dominant in sediment and bivalves. • The major sources of PAHs are both pyrogenic and petrogenic. • The risk to human health were evaluated at low levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental contamination of ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) has attracted global attention for the persistence, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity. However, little is known about the content and distribution characteristics of UVAs in agricultural soils, especially in facility agricultural soils. In this study, the contents and distribution characteristics of 16 UVAs were surveyed in agricultural facility soils (N = 61) and field soil samples (N = 61) from 27 provinces in China. The total content of 16 UVAs (Σ 16 UVAs) in facility soils (mean 64.2 ± 55.4 ng/g) was higher than that in field soils (mean 9.66 ± 7.66 ng/g), suggesting that UVAs in facility soils are associated with mulch film. The Σ 16 UVAs content in the soil mulched with biodegradable (PBAT) film was higher than that in the soil mulched with polyethylene (PE) film, which indicated that the UVA pollution in the soil mulched with biodegradable film was more serious. With the continuous promotion of the use of biodegradable films may pose a threat to soil and ecological health. Therefore, studies on the content and distribution characteristics of UVAs in facility soils are needed to provide scientific basis for the controlling and monitoring of novel pollutants. [Display omitted] • Plastics are an important source of ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) in facility soils. • Film material is the main factor affecting UVA concentration in facility soils. • The content of 16 UVAs in facility agricultural soil samples exhibited higher levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil sands area of northern Alberta has river sediments that contain natural bitumen. Eggs and fish in these rivers may be exposed to bitumen-related chemicals early in life. This paper assesses a short embryo-larval fish exposure to oil sands sediment and follows the fish behaviour as they mature in clean water and examines their breeding success as adults (5 months afterwards). The three different oil sands river sediments tested were: a sediment collected outside of the bitumen deposit (tested at 3 g/L, Reference sediment from upstream Steepbank River site), and two sediments collected within the deposit (each tested at low (1 g/L) and high (3 g/L) concentrations). The sediments within the bitumen deposit were from the Ells and Steepbank (Stp) Rivers, and both contained significant total PAHs (>170 ng/g wet weight sediment) and alkylated PAHs (>4480 ng/g). Fish were exposed to these sediments for 21 days (as eggs and larval fish), and then transferred permanently to clean water to mature and breed. There was a significant decrease in the number of egg clutches produced by fish exposed early in life to Stp downstream high sediment (compared to Reference sediment). There was also a decrease in overall cumulative egg production, with fish from Stp downstream high sediment producing just over 1000 eggs in total while fish exposed to Ref sediment produced nearly 6900 eggs. The fish with reduced egg production were also less social than expected as they matured, and they had a lower % of early vitellogenic eggs in their ovaries. Overall, the exposure shows that a single, brief exposure during early life stages to natural bitumen can affect fish in adulthood. Naturally occurring bitumen-derived PAHs can reduce fish reproductive output by complex mechanisms, measurable as lower ovary maturity and changes in social behaviour. [Display omitted] • Fathead minnows were exposed early in life to oil sands sediments for 3 weeks. • Fish that were transferred to clean water for 5 months showed: • Decreased overall egg production and number of egg clutches. • Decreased percentage of early vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. • Lower sociability than normal for adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural attenuation of organic contaminants in groundwater can give rise to a series of complex biogeochemical reactions that release secondary contaminants to groundwater. In a crude oil contaminated aquifer, biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is coupled with the reduction of ferric iron (Fe(III)) hydroxides in aquifer sediments. As a result, naturally occurring arsenic (As) adsorbed to Fe(III) hydroxides in the aquifer sediment is mobilized from sediment into groundwater. However, Fe(III) in sediment of other zones of the aquifer has the capacity to attenuate dissolved As via resorption. In order to better evaluate how long-term biodegradation coupled with Fe-reduction and As mobilization can redistribute As mass in contaminated aquifer, we quantified mass partitioning of Fe and As in the aquifer based on field observation data. Results show that Fe and As are spatially correlated in both groundwater and aquifer sediments. Mass partitioning calculations demonstrate that 99.9% of Fe and 99.5% of As are associated with aquifer sediment. The sediments act as both sources and sinks for As, depending on the redox conditions in the aquifer. Calculations reveal that at least 78% of the original As in sediment near the oil has been mobilized into groundwater over the 35-year lifespan of the plume. However, the calculations also show that only a small percentage of As (∼0.5%) remains in groundwater, due to resorption onto sediment. At the leading edge of the plume, where groundwater is suboxic, sediments sequester Fe and As, causing As to accumulate to concentrations 5.6 times greater than background concentrations. Current As sinks can serve as future sources of As as the plume evolves over time. The mass balance approach used in this study can be applied to As cycling in other aquifers where groundwater As results from biodegradation of an organic carbon point source coupled with Fe reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical chlor-alkali production has led to substantial concentrations of persistent organic pollutant residues in the environment. This study systematically investigated the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated/brominated-PAHs (Cl/Br-PAHs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) in sediment, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), and fish samples from Ya-Er Lake, which is a site in China with historical chlor-alkali contamination. The average concentrations [(4.97–1.47) × 103 ng/g dry weight (dw)] of these pollutants in backfill sediments, which were dredged from the lake after chlor-alkali production stopped, were 2.68–70.87 times those in fresh lake sediments (0.622–218 ng/g dw) and reported concentrations in other areas. Correlation analyses indicated that Cl-PAHs, Br-PAHs, and PCNs likely originated from halogenation of parent PAHs in the study area, and the chlorination ratios were larger than those of bromination. The Cl (1/2/3) -PAHs/PAHs and Br (1) -PAHs/PAHs ratios were higher than those for PAHs with more halogen atoms. This contamination extended into the biota, with notable pollutant burdens found in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera , 0.305–77.3 ng/g dw) and even higher concentrations in fish (2.20–345 ng/g lipid weight). Estimated biological soil accumulation factors revealed significant enrichment in lotus organs (mean: 7.19) and fish muscle (mean: 10.65), especially the latter, which highlighted bioaccumulation and potential food chain transfer risks. The estimated daily intakes of PAHs, Cl/Br-PAHs, and HCBD through fish consumption currently pose negligible risks, while dietary intake of PCNs may present health concerns. Continuous monitoring and impact assessments are crucial for developing appropriate risk management strategies to safeguard public health. [Display omitted] • Historical chlor-alkali industry left a legacy of long-term aquatic contamination. • High levels of UPOPs contamination were found in sediments, lotus, and fish. • PAHs, Cl/Br-PAHs, PCNs, and HCBD bioaccumulated in lotus and fish muscle. • Exposure of locals to PCNs through fish consumption may pose a health hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-waste recycling activities are a crucial emission source of organic pollutants, posing potential risks to the surrounding environment and human health. To understand the potential impact related to diverse e-waste dismantling activities, we investigated two categories of popular flame retardants (i.e., organophosphate esters (OPEs) and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and their resultant possible ecological risk in 53 surface soil samples from Qingyuan, a well-known e-waste recycling region in South China. Varied concentrations of ΣOPEs (20.5–8720 ng/g) and ΣCPs (920–16800 ng/g) were observed at diverse dismantling sites, while relatively low levels of ΣOPEs (6.13–1240 ng/g) and ΣCPs (14.8–2870 ng/g) were found in surrounding soils. These results indicated that primitive e-waste dismantling processes were the primary emission source of OPEs and CPs in the studied area, with e-waste dumping and manual dismantling being the most important emission sources for OPEs and CPs. More importantly, CPs could be degraded/transformed into more toxic intermediates via dechlorination and decarbonization during the burning of e-waste. Furthermore, our results indicated the potential ecological risks posed by OPEs and CPs related to e-waste recycling. [Display omitted] • Emission characteristics of OPEs and CPs in diverse e-waste recycling activities were studied. • Dismantling and dumping of E-waste were primary emission sources of OPEs and CPs. • Opening burning of e-waste leads to dechlorination and decarbonization of CPs. • OPEs and CPs released by e-waste recycling pose potential ecological risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parabens, bisphenols (BPs), and triclosan (TCS) are common environmental phenols widely applied in industrial products, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. They are endocrine disruptors and pervade the natural environment, causing significant detrimental impacts on ecosystems, including marine habitats. Therefore, in this study, 40 samples comprising coral polyps, algae, and sediments were collected from Sanya, Hainan Province, China, in which the presence and compositional profiles of parabens, BPs, and TCS were examined to identify their fate in the oceans. The results unveiled the ubiquitous occurrence of at least one paraben or bisphenol in all samples, with TCS detected in over 80% of cases. Notably, coral samples contained the most contaminants (median concentration: 9.42 ng/g dry weight-dw), followed by sediment samples (5.95 ng/g dw) and algal samples (3.58 ng/g dw). Attributed to their broadest application, methylparaben (MeP) and propylparaben (PrP) emerged as the primary paraben constituents. MeP displayed the highest median concentration in coral samples (4.42 ng/g dw), probably related to its high-water solubility and the filtration mechanism employed by the coral polyps during seawater intake. Intriguingly, bisphenol P (BPP) superseded bisphenol A (BPA) as the dominant bisphenol, especially in the algal samples, probably owing to the lipophilic character of BPP and the enhanced biodegradability of BPA within aquatic environments. The highest concentration of TCS (3.44 ng/g dw) was found in the sediment samples, associated with its long half-life in the sediments. Furthermore, the correlation between multiple parabens and TCS implies their co-use to augment antimicrobial efficacy. Future research should prioritize the examination of these phenols in diverse marine environmental media. Corresponding toxicological experiments should be conducted to visualize their transport dynamics, degradation byproducts, and toxicity to marine biota to gain insights into the risks they pose to the marine ecosystem. [Display omitted] • Parabens and BPs are extensively distributed in coral and algal samples. • The highest concentrations of contaminants were found in coral samples. • BPP was the most abundant BPs instead of BPA. • MeP, BPP, and TCS dominated in coral, algal, and sediment samples, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are halogenated contaminants found globally. Cetaceans are impacted by these pollutants, and nowadays, it is essential to understand their presence to mitigate their impacts. This study aimed to establish baseline levels of POPs in the blubber of Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) within the Subantarctic ecosystem. A wide range of POPs concentrations were measured among individuals: ΣPCBs from 289.5 to 15264 ng g−1 lw and ΣDDTs from 540.4 to 17657 ng g−1 lw. Levels of HCB and mirex ranged from 48 to 1703.7 ng g−1 lw and 5.1–1917.4 ng g−1 lw, respectively. The predominant POPs were mid-to high molecular weight PCBs (hexa-PCBs), consistent with other findings in cetaceans of the southern hemisphere. The mean ratio of ΣDDT/ΣPCB was 0.44, with p,p ′-DDE/ΣDDT at 0.56, indicating p,p '-DDE as the dominant DDT isomer. Furthermore, differences in POP concentrations were observed based on sexual maturity, with mature males exhibiting higher levels of ƩPCBs, HCB, ƩDDT, and mirex. Age and total body length of animals were strongly correlated with POP concentrations. Our study provides valuable insights into the pollutant status of POPs in the Subantarctic population of Commerson's dolphins inhabiting the southernmost coastal regions of South America. [Display omitted] • PCBs, DDTs, HCB, and mirex levels were measured in Subantarctic Commerson's dolphins for the first time. • Mature males of Commerson's dolphins exhibited higher concentrations of POPs. • Age and total body length of individuals correlated strongly with POPs concentrations. • Elevated levels of DDT suggest recent inputs of the pesticide in this coastal marine system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although pharmaceutically-active compounds (PhACs) are increasingly being found to be present in marine environments, their presence in coral reefs, already under threat from various stressors, has remains unexplored. This study focused on PhAC presence in two stony-coral genera, collected from different depths and sites in the Red Sea. The findings reveal the presence of ten different PhACs, with elevated concentrations detected in corals from shallow sites and in areas with heavy human activity. Notably, all samples contained at least one PhAC, with the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole being the most prevalent compound, detected in 93% of the samples, at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 2080 ng/g dry weight (dw) tissue, with an average concentration of 106 ng/g dw. These findings underscore the urgent need for conservation initiatives aimed at protecting coral-reef ecosystems from the escalating threat of anthropogenic contamination, including such potential risks as the development of antibiotic resistance in marine organisms and the disruption of critical spawning synchrony among coral populations. [Display omitted] • Ten PhACs detected in Red Sea corals, indicating pharmaceutical contamination. • The antibiotic sulfamethoxazole prevalent in 93% of samples. • Elevated PhAC concentrations in shallow sites underscore human impact. • Urgent need for conservation measures to mitigate PhAC pollution in coral reefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic additives, such as phthalates, are ubiquitous contaminants that can have detrimental impacts on marine organisms and overall ecosystems' health. Valuable information about the status and resilience of marine ecosystems can be obtained through the monitoring of key indicator species, such as cetaceans. In this study, fatty acid profiles and phthalates were examined in blubber biopsies of free-ranging individuals from two delphinid species (short-finned pilot whale – Globicephala macrorhynchus , n = 45; common bottlenose dolphin – Tursiops truncatus , n = 39) off Madeira Island (NE Atlantic). This investigation aimed to explore the relations between trophic niches (epipelagic vs. mesopelagic), contamination levels, and the health status of individuals within different ecological and biological groups (defined by species, residency patterns and sex). Multivariate analysis of selected dietary fatty acids revealed a clear niche segregation between the two species. Di-n-butylphthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most prevalent among the seven studied phthalates, with the highest concentration reached by DEHP in a bottlenose dolphin (4697.34 ± 113.45 ng/g). Phthalates esters (PAEs) concentration were higher in bottlenose dolphins (Mean ∑ PAEs: 947.56 ± 1558.34 ng/g) compared to pilot whales (Mean ∑ PAEs: 229.98 ± 158.86 ng/g). In bottlenose dolphins, DEHP was the predominant phthalate, whereas in pilot whales, DEP and DBP were more prevalent. Health markers suggested pilot whales might suffer from poorer physiological conditions than bottlenose dolphins, although high metabolic differences were seen between the two species. Phthalate levels showed no differences by ecological or biological groups, seasons, or years. This study is the first to assess the extent of plastic additive contamination in free-ranging cetaceans from a remote oceanic island system, underscoring the intricate relationship between ecological niches and contaminant exposure. Monitoring these chemicals and their potential impacts is vital to assess wild population health, inform conservation strategies, and protect critical species and habitats. [Display omitted] • Dietary fatty acids (FAs) analysis confirmed distinct trophic niches between the two species. • Phthalates (PAEs) were detected in all analyzed individuals. • PAE concentrations did not differ by sex, residency patterns, or over time. • Bottlenose dolphins exhibited notably higher levels of PAEs, particularly DEHP. • FA health markers may indicate poorer health conditions in pilot whales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics have emerged as pervasive pollutants in aquatic environments, and their interaction with organic contaminants poses a significant environmental challenge. This study aimed to explore the adsorption of micropollutants onto microplastics in a river, examining different plastic materials and the effect of aging on adsorption capacity. Microplastics (low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) were introduced into a river stream, and a comprehensive analysis involving 297 organic pollutants was conducted. Passive samplers were deployed to monitor micropollutant presence in the river. Sixty-four analytes were identified in the river flow, with telmisartan being the most prevalent. Nonaged PVC showed the highest telmisartan concentration at 279 ng/g (168 ng/m2 regarding the microplastic surface), while aged PVC exhibited a fourfold decrease. Conversely, aged LDPE preferentially adsorbed metoprolol and tramadol, with concentrations increasing 12- and 3-fold, respectively, compared to nonaged LDPE. Azithromycin and clarithromycin, positively charged compounds, exhibited higher sorption to PET microplastics, regardless of aging. Diclofenac showed higher concentrations on nonaged PVC compared to aged PVC. Aging induced structural changes in microplastics, including color alterations, smaller particle production, and increased specific surface area. These changes influenced micropollutant adsorption, with hydrophobicity, dissociation constants, and the ionic form of pollutants being key factors. Aged microplastics generally showed different sorption properties. A comparison of microplastics and control sand particles indicated preferential micropollutant sorption to microplastics, underscoring their role as vectors for contaminant transport in aquatic ecosystems. Analysis of river sediment emphasized the significance of contact time in pollutant accumulation. Overall, this study provides insights into the complex interactions between microplastics and organic pollutants under environmental conditions and contributes to a better understanding of the fate and behavior of these two types of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. [Display omitted] • Adsorption of 21 micropollutants was recorded on microplastics in a river stream. • Micropollutant concentrations on microplastics ranged between ng/g and 0.3 μg/g. • Micropollutant amounts on microplastics varied depending on polymer type and aging. • Adsorption of highly nonpolar telmisartan decreased in the case of aged microplastics. • Positively charged compounds were preferentially adsorbed on aged microplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) are extensively incorporated into both cosmetic items and industrial products and have been commonly found in water ecosystems. This study aims to examine the environmental levels, sources, ecological and human health risks of 14 commonly used OUVFs both in coastal water and beach deposit samples collected from the nearshore regions of Hainan Island and the South China Sea. This is first study highlighting the contamination of OUVFs in Hainan Island and utilizing economic and tourism data to confirm the potential source of OUVF pollution in costal aquatic and coastal ecosystem. Along the coastal tourist regions of Hainan Island, the median concentrations in coastal waters and beach deposits of these OUVFs fall within the range from 1.2 to 53.2 ng/L and 0.2–17.0 ng/g dw, respectively. In coastal water and beach deposit, the concentration of BP-3 was the highest, with median concentrations of 53.2 ng/L and 17.0 ng/g dw, respectively. Regarding human health risks, the daily intake of all 14 OUVFs through swimming was found to be 40–48 ng/kg/day. Ecological risk assessment indicates that BP-3 presents a medium risk for marine microalgae with a concurrent low risk for corals. The correlation analysis underscores a substantial interrelation of OUVFs in both coastal waters and beach deposits with various economic indicators, including annual rainfall, overnight tourists, total hotel rooms (unit), room occupancy rate, and sewage treatment capacity. [Display omitted] • The highest concentration of Σ14UVFs in seawater in Hainan is 313.9 ng/L, in Sanya. • The highest concentration of Σ14UVFs in sediment in Hainan is 110.2 ng/g dw, in Haikou. • Common UVFs found include BP-3, 4-MBC, OC, OD-PABA, and BMDM. • Humans' daily intake of all 14 UVFs through swimming was 40–48 ng/kg/day. • Tourism data and industrial indicators are highly correlated with UVFs concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the prohibition on the production and use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have emerged as their alternatives. However, the vertical transport and associated influencing factors of these chemicals into soil are not clearly understood. To clarify the vertical distribution of the pollutants and related influencing factors, surface soil and soil core samples were collected at a depth in the range of 0.10–5.00 m in a typical 20-year-old flame-retardant production park and surrounding area. PBDEs and DBDPE show a clear point source distribution around the production park with their central concentrations up to 2.88 × 104 and 8.46 × 104 ng/g, respectively. OPFRs are mainly found in residential areas. The production conversion of PBDEs to DBDPE has obvious environmental characteristics. The vertical distribution revealed that most of the pollutants have penetrated into the soil 5.00 m or even deeper. The median concentrations of deca-BDE and DBDPE reached 50.9 and 9.85 × 103 ng/g, respectively, even at a depth of 5.00 m. Soil organic matter plays a crucial role in determining the vertical distribution, while soil clay particles have a greater impact on the high molecular weight and/or highly brominated compounds. [Display omitted] • DBDPE replaced PBDEs as the main soil pollutant in the park and surrounding area. • PBDEs and DBDPE show park-centered source while OPFRs originate from residential areas. • Most target compounds penetrated soil 5.00 m or deeper underground. • SOM plays a crucial role in the vertical distribution of the target compounds. • Higher K OW chemicals are more susceptible to the effect of SOM and soil clay particle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contaminant accumulation in organisms can be influenced by both biological traits and environmental conditions. However, delineating the main factors affecting contaminant burdens in organisms remains challenging. Here, we conducted an initial investigation into the impact of diet and habitat on the accumulation of short- (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (2003–2020, n = 128) from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), a highly polluted estuary in China. The detected levels of SCCPs (5897 ± 3480 ng g−1 lw) and MCCPs (13,960 ± 8285 ng g−1 lw) in blubber samples of humpback dolphin are the highest among recorded values marine mammals. Both SCCPs and MCCPs exhibited biomagnification factor values exceeding 1, suggesting their biomagnification potential within the dolphins and their diet. Quantitative diet analysis using the dolphin fatty acid signatures revealed that humpback dolphins inhabiting the western PRE consumed a larger proportion of carnivorous fish than those from the eastern PRE. However, spatial analysis showed that humpback dolphins in the western PRE contained lower SCCP/MCCP concentrations than those from the eastern PRE. Based on these findings we suggest that, compared to diet differences, spatial variations of SCCPs/MCCPs in humpback dolphins may be predominantly influenced by their space-use strategies, as the eastern PRE is closer to the pollutant discharge source and transfer routes. [Display omitted] • Diet and habitat effects on CP accumulation in humpback dolphins were analyzed. • Humpback dolphins accumulated the highest levels of MCCPs (13,960 ng g−1 lw) to date. • The western PRE dolphins consume more carnivorous fish than those in the eastern PRE. • CP accumulation in humpback dolphins may be more affected by space-use than diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of RemBind® 300 to immobilize per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)-impacted soil (∑ 28 PFAS 1280-8130 ng g−1; n = 8) was assessed using leachability (ASLP) and bioaccumulation (Eisenia fetida) endpoints as the measure of efficacy. In unamended soil, ∑ 28 PFAS leachability ranged from 26.0 to 235 μg l−1, however, following the addition of 5% w/w RemBind® 300, ∑ 28 PFAS leachability was reduced by > 99%. Following exposure of E. fetida to unamended soil, ∑ 28 PFAS bioaccumulation ranged from 18,660–241,910 ng g−1 DW with PFOS accumulating to the greatest extent (15,150–212,120 ng g−1 DW). Biota soil accumulation factors (BSAF) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSA; 13.2–50.9) compared to perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA; 1.2–12.7) while for individual PFSA, mean BSAF increased for C 4 to C 6 compounds (PFBS: 42.6; PFPeS: 52.7; PFHxS: 62.4). In contrast, when E. fetida were exposed to soil amended with 5% w/w RemBind® 300, significantly lower PFAS bioaccumulation occurred (∑ 28 PFAS: 339-3397 ng g−1 DW) with PFOS accumulation 23–246 fold lower compared to unamended soil. These results highlight the potential of soil amendments for reducing PFAS mobility and bioavailability, offering an immobilization-based risk management approach for AFFF-impacted soil. [Display omitted] • E. fetida exposed to impacted soil for 14 d accumulated 15,150–212,120 ng PFOS g−1 DW. • In soil amended with 5% RemBind®, PFOS accumulation decreased to 215-2879 ng g−1 DW. • Compared to unamended soil, E. fetida had a mean weight loss of 36.3% in amended soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers (FLCMs), a new class of potential persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) emerging pollutants, are extensively utilized in the display panel of various electronic devices. These compounds have been found in various environmental matrixes and dietary. Our previous studies have documented their ubiquitous occurrence in high fat foodstuffs. Infants, a vulnerable group, are more susceptible to the impacts of these pollutants compared to adults. Herein, we provided an assessment of the health risks posed by FLCMs to infants, focusing on their exposure through infant formula. The presence of FLCMs was detected in all infant formulas, with median concentration of 16.5 ng/g dry weight (dw) and the 95th percentile concentration of 65.7 ng/g dw. The most prevalent pollutant in these formulas was 2-fluoro-4-[4′-propyl-1,1′-bi(cyclohexyl)-4-yl] phenyl trifluoromethyl ether (FPrBP), with median and a 95th percentile concentration of 12.2 ng/g dw and 23.8 ng/g dw, accounting for 55.2% to the total FLCMs. Infants aged 0–6 months had the highest estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of FLCMs, with the EDI median of 267 ng/kg bw/day. FPrBP and 4-[trans-4-(trans-4-Propylcyclohexyl) cyclohexyl]-1-trifluoromethoxybenzene (PCTB) together made up 83.3% of the total EDIs in median exposure scenario of 0–6 months infant. The highest EDI value was 1.30 × 103 ng/kg bw/day, 77.1% of which was attributed to a combination of FPrBP, 4″-ethyl-2′-fluoro-4-propyl-1,1':4′,1″-terphenyl (EFPT), 2-[4'-[difluoro(3,4,5-trifluoro-2-methyl-phenoxy)methyl]-3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl]-5-ethyl-tetrahydro-pyran (DTMPMDP), 4-[Difluoro-(3,4,5-trifluoro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-methyl]-3,5-difluoro-4′-propyl-1,1-biphenyl (DTMPMDB), 2,3-difluoro-1-methyl-4-[(trans, trans)-4′-pentyl[1,1′-bicyclohexyl]-4-yl]benzene (DMPBB) and PCTB. It's worth noting that FLCMs have higher exposure risk. Based on the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) method, the EDI median of FPrBP (183 ng/kg bw/day) and FPCB (3.27 ng/kg bw/day) were beyond their TTC values (2.5 ng/kg bw/day) in 0–6 months infant, implying their prospective health risk. [Display omitted] • The exposure of FLCMs in infant formulas is lower than in breast milk. • FPrBP is the main fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in infant formula samples. • FPrBP and FPCB may have potential health risk through infant formula intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As emerging organic contaminants, Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have caused wide concerns due to their wide distribution in the environment and dioxin-like toxicity. Nevertheless, research on the distribution and formation mechanisms of PHCZs in polluted environment of printing and dyeing plants is lacking. Here, 11 PHCZs were detected in samples from the Cao'e River, China, a typical river heavily polluted by printing and dyeing. The PHCZs concentrations in the soil, sediment, and water samples were 8.3–134.5 ng/g (median: 26.3 ng/g), 17.7–348.8 ng/g (median: 64.2 ng/g), and 1.2–41.4 μg/L (median: 4.8 μg/L), respectively. 3,6-dichlorocarbazole was the dominant congener, proved by both analysis results and formation mechanisms. PHCZ migration patterns in water-sediment systems indicated that highly halogenated PHCZs tend to be transferred to sediment. Furthermore, PHCZs are persistent, can undergo long-range transport, and pose high risks to aquatic organisms by models. PHCZs released from dye production into environment can be form through halogenation of carbazole or PHCZs formed during the dye synthesis, heating of halogenated indigo dyes, and photolysis of highly halogenated PHCZs. This is the first comprehensive study to reveal the impact of printing and dyeing plant activities on PHCZs in the environment. [Display omitted] • Pollution of PHCZs was detected in river water contaminated by industries. • Levels of PHCZs in dyes-polluted environments were significantly higher. • Printing and dyeing were the main source of PHCZ in the region. • PHCZs had similar environmental behavior as several known POPs such as PCDFs. • PHCZs were highly toxic to aquatic organisms and posed a high ecological health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In densely populated urban areas, the pressure on water resources is considerable and will tend to intensify over the next decades. Preserving water resources therefore seems fundamental, but many questions remain as to the transfer of contaminants to subsurface waters in these largely sealed areas. Because of their toxicity and persistence in the environment, this work focused on the study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous pollutants mainly produced by human activities. To better understand the main factors leading to the retention or transport of these pollutants in urban environments, vertical transects, from the surface to several meters down, were established on three study sites in or near Paris (France), selected according to an urbanization gradient. Soil samples collected at the surface and urban secondary carbonate deposits (USCD), similar to cave speleothems, sampled underground in quarries and aqueducts were analyzed. As the hydrophobic properties of PAHs favor their sorption onto organic matter, the latter was also studied using organic carbon analysis and UV fluorescence spectroscopy. The USCD located closest to the urbanized surface contained high concentrations of PAHs (76.8 ± 5.3 ng g−1), while the USCD located at greater depth with organic soil on the surface contained the lowest amount of PAHs (2.9 ± 0.4 ng g−1), and no PAHs with log K OC > 5. The results highlight the predominant role played by the presence of organic topsoil at the surface in retaining and storing large amounts of PAHs (1914–2595 ng. g soil −1), particularly the most hydrophobic ones (i.e. 60% of the 15 PAHs are characterized by a Log K OC >5), which are also the most toxic. The lithology and thickness of the bedrock (between the surface and the USCD) also play an important role in the retention of PAHs, particularly those adsorbed on the particulate phase. [Display omitted] • Urban speleothems are used to characterize the impact of land-use on sub-surface water. • The transport of PAHs from the surface to sub-surface waters is studied using a multisite approach. • PAH sorption on SOCs influences their transfer to seepage water. • The closer the speleothem is to the urbanized surface, the higher the PAH concentrations. • Presence of organic soil on the surface plays a key role in preserving water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its reputation as one of the cleanest regions globally, recent studies have identified the presence of various persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in the environmental matrices collected from Svalbard. This study investigated the chronological distribution and potential sources of 81 PTSs in soils from the glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen. Soil samples (n = 45) were categorized by age based on exposure to the atmosphere due to glacier retreat in July 2014 into five age groups: 80–100 years (n = 7), 60–80 years (n = 12), 40–60 years (n = 16), 20–40 years (n = 7), and <20 years (n = 3). Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, n = 32) in soils varied with age, ranging from 0.29 to 0.74 ng g−1 dw. In addition, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, n = 28), perylene, and alkyl-PAHs (n = 20) in soils ranged from 21 to 80 ng g−1 dw, 2.9–62 ng g−1 dw, and 73–420 ng g−1 dw, respectively. The concentrations of PTSs were observed to be greater in older soils. Principal component analysis revealed that PCBs in soils originated from various product sources. Positive matrix factorization modeling estimated the association of PAHs in soils with potential origins, such as diesel emissions, petroleum and coal combustion, and coal. Potential sources of PAHs were mainly coal in younger soils and diesel emissions and petroleum combustion in older soils. Alkyl-PAH compositions in the soil were similar to those of bituminous coal, with a noteworthy degree of weathering observed in older soils. The accumulation rate and flux of PTSs in soils exhibited compound-specific patterns, reflecting factors such as long-range transport, fate, origin, and recent inputs. These findings can serve as baseline data for protecting and preserving polar environments. [Display omitted] • PTS concentrations were higher in older soils than in younger soils. • PAH sources were mainly coal in younger soils and diesel emissions in older soils. • Alkyl-PAHs originated from bituminous coal and were highly weathered in older soils. • Accumulation rate and flux of PTSs in soils exhibited compound-specific patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive utilization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has led to their pervasive presence in the environment, resulting in contamination of aquatic products. Prolonged exposure to PFASs has been linked to direct hepatic and renal damage, along with the induction of oxidative stress, contributing to a spectrum of chronic ailments. Despite the recent surge in popularity of red swamp crayfish as a culinary delicacy in China, studies addressing PFASs' exposure and associated health risks from their consumption remain scarce. To address this gap, our study investigated the PFASs' content in 85 paired edible tissue samples sourced from the five primary red swamp crayfish breeding provinces in China. The health risks associated with dietary exposure were also assessed. Our findings revealed widespread detection of PFASs in crayfish samples, with short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) exhibiting the highest concentrations. Notably, the total PFAS concentration in the hepatopancreas (median: 160 ng/g) significantly exceeded that in muscle tissue (5.95 ng/g), as did the concentration of every single substance. The hazard quotient of perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) via consuming crayfish during peak season exceeded 1. In this case, a potential total non-cancer health risk of PFASs, which is mainly from the hepatopancreas and associated with PFHxS, is also observed (hazard index>1). Thus, it is recommended to avoid consuming the hepatopancreas of red swamp crayfish. Greater attention should be paid to governance technology innovation and regulatory measure strengthening for short-chain PFASs. [Display omitted] • PFASs were widely detected in commercially available red swamp crayfish in China. • The main PFAS contaminants in crayfish were short-chain PFCAs, especially PFBA. • The hepatopancreas was the most seriously contaminated tissue by PFASs. • Consuming red swamp crayfish in peak season may pose potential health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban and industrial regions, sedimentary mercury (Hg) serves as the crucial indicator for Hg pollution, posing potential risks to ecology and human health. The physicochemical processes of Hg in aquatic environments are influenced by various factors such as anthropogenic emissions and aquatic environmental impacts, making it challenging to quantify the drivers of total mercury (THg) variations. Here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations, quantified driving factors, and assessed accumulation risks of sedimentary THg from the mainstream of a typical urban river (Haihe River). THg in the urban region (37−3237 ng g−1) was significantly higher (t -test, p < 0.01) than in suburban (71−2317 ng g−1) and developing regions (156−916 ng g−1). The sedimentary THg in suburban and developing regions increased from 2003 to 2018, indicating the elevated atmospheric deposition of Hg. Together with the temperature, grain size of sediments, total organic carbon (TOC), the pH and salinity of water, 40 components of parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were first introduced to quantify the driver of sedimentary THg based on generalized additive model. Results showed that anthropogenic emissions, including three PAHs components (31%) and TOC (63%), accounted for 94% of sedimentary THg variations. The aquatic environmental impacts accounted for 5% of sedimentary THg variations. The geo-accumulation index of THg indicated moderate to heavy accumulation in the urban region. This study demonstrates that homologous pollutants such as PAHs can be used to trace sources and variations of Hg pollution, supporting their co-regulation as international conventions regulate pollutants. [Display omitted] • Sedimentary mercury posed the highest concentration in urban regions. • The long-term trend indicated enhanced atmospheric Hg deposition. • Organic matter mainly controlled the spatiotemporal variation of mercury. • 94% of the sedimentary mercury was attributed to anthropogenic discharges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 138 samples including urban soil, surface dust, atmospheric dustfall, and commercial food were collected from the semi-arid industrial city of Lanzhou in Northwest China, and 22 phthalate esters (PAEs) were analyzed in these samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the pollution characteristics, potential sources, and combined exposure risks of PAEs. The results showed that the total concentration of 22 PAEs (Ʃ 22 PAEs) presented surface dust (4.94 × 104 ng/g) ≫ dustfall (1.56 × 104 ng/g) ≫ food (2.14 × 103 ng/g) ≫ urban soil (533 ng/g). Di-n-butyl phthalate (DNBP), di-isobutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-isononyl phthalate/di-isodecyl phthalate were predominant in the environmental media and commercial food, being controlled by priority (52.1%–65.5%) and non-priority (62.1%) PAEs, respectively. Elevated Ʃ 22 PAEs in the urban soil and surface dust was found in the west, middle, and east of Lanzhou. Principal component analysis indicated that PAEs the urban soil and surface dust were related with the emissions of products containing PAEs, atmosphere depositions, and traffic and industrial emissions. PAEs in the foods were associated with the growth and processing environment. The health risk assessment of United States Environmental Protection Agency based on the Chinese population exposure parameters indicated that the total exposure dose of 22 PAEs was from 0.111 to 0.226 mg/kg/day, which were above the reference dose (0.02 mg/kg/day) and tolerable daily intake (TDI, 0.05 mg/kg/day) for DEHP (0.0333–0.0631 mg/kg/day), and TDI (0.01 mg/kg/day) for DNBP (0.0213–0.0405 mg/kg/day), implying that the exposure of PAEs via multi-media should not be ignored; the total non-carcinogenic risk of six priority PAEs was below 1 for the three environmental media (1.21 × 10−5–2.90 × 10−3), while close to 1 for food (4.74 × 10−1–8.76 × 10−1), suggesting a potential non-carcinogenic risk of human exposure to PAEs in food; the total carcinogenic risk of BBP and DEHP was below 1 × 10−6 for the three environmental media (9.13 × 10−10–5.72 × 10−7), while above 1 × 10−4 for DEHP in food (1.02 × 10−4), suggesting a significantly carcinogenic risk of human exposure to DEHP in food. The current research results can provide certain supports for pollution and risk prevention of PAEs. [Display omitted] • Twenty-two phthalate esters (PAEs) were detected in urban soil, surface dust, dustall and food. • Di-n/iso-butyl, di(2-ethylhexyl) and di-isononyl/di-isodecyl phthalates were dominant. • PAEs in environment media were from various emissions and atmospheric depositions. • PAEs in foodstuffs were mainly related to the growth and processing environment. • Di-n/iso-butyl and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates in food presented certain health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the levels, distribution, potential sources, ecological risks and estrogenic activities of 14 bisphenol analogues (BPs) in soil under eight land-use types in the megacity of Chengdu, China. Eleven BPs were detected in the soil samples and the total concentrations ranged from 32.3 to 570 ng/g d.w. Levels of bisphenol BP (BPBP) in the soil (up to 208 ng/g d.w.) only second to the most dominant compound bisphenol A (BPA) were found. Relatively higher Σ14BP accumulation in the soil was observed in the commercial and residential areas (median: 136 ng/g d.w. and 131 ng/g d.w.) compared with agricultural area (median: 67.5 ng/g d.w.). Source identification indicated the role of atmospheric particulate deposition and consecutive anthropogenic activities in BP emission. The ecotoxicity assessment implied that BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol PH (BPPH) might pose low to medium risk to the ecosystem due to their extensive use and biological effects. The calculated 17β-estradiol equivalents of BPs were in the range of 0.501–7.74 pg E 2 /g d.w, and the estrogenic activities were inferior to those contributed by natural estrogens in the soil. [Display omitted] • 11 out of 14 bisphenols were detected in 64 soil samples from Chengdu, China. • The total concentrations of bisphenols ranging from 32.3 to 570 ng/g d.w. in soil. • Three potential sources were identified for the bisphenol contamination in soil. • Bisphenols were found the most abundant in the commercial and residential areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the southeast and east coasts of the Republic of Korea, it is essential to monitor mercury accumulation in coastal organisms in view of the higher mercury distribution in sediments and human samples. However, mercury pollution monitoring in organisms, especially higher trophic-level organisms that can exhibit high mercury accumulation, is limited. Here, we examined the applicability of the eggs of the black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris), which belongs to a high trophic level, for mercury monitoring in coastal areas. Breeding sites were selected in West, Southeast, and East Seas with different mercury concentrations in other matrices (sediment and biological samples of residents). The 5-year mean total mercury concentration in eggs collected during the breeding seasons from 2016 to 2020 was lower in Baengnyeongdo (705 ± 81 ng/g dry weight (dry), West Sea) than in Hongdo (1,207 ± 214 ng/g dry, Southeast Sea) and Ulleungdo (1,095 ± 95 ng/g dry, East Sea). The different patterns of mercury concentration in gull eggs among the breeding sites was consistent with those in the other matrices among the coastal areas. These results support the applicability of the black-tailed gull egg as an indicator for establishing a monitoring framework in the coastal areas of the Republic of Korea. [Display omitted] • Black-tailed gull eggs are used as an indicator sample for monitoring Hg pollution. • Different patterns of Hg concentrations were observed in three breeding sites. • Sea birds with high trophic levels can biomagnify environmental Hg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microenvironments, such as student dormitories, differ from general residential environments. They are characterized by small spaces, poor air circulation, high personnel densities, and electronic products, such as computers that are turned on for extended periods, leading to increased pollution concentrations. The limited space and poor air circulation reduce migration of contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), making it easier for PBDEs to accumulate. However, few studies have been conducted on small group dwellings, including student dormitory dwellings. We collected dust samples from student dormitories of a university to analyze the characteristics and traceability of PBDEs in dormitory microenvironments. The results showed that PBDE congeners were widely present in university dormitories and the order of median concentration of ∑ 10 PBDEs was as follows: male old-fashioned dormitory (273 ng/g) > female four-person dormitory (132 ng/g) > female two-person dormitory (132 ng/g) > male two-person dormitory (96.2 ng/g) > female old-fashioned dormitory (91.6 ng/g) > male four-person apartment (51.8 ng/g). BDE-209 was the most abundant PBDE congener, followed by BDE-47, and BDE-28. PBDEs were also found in typical electrical appliances, with higher concentrations in laptops than in desktops, and higher concentrations in desktops than in idle ones. According to Spearman correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we also found that boards and wallpaper materials were common sources of contamination in the microenvironment of student dormitories, and that female dormitories had more sources of PBDE emissions. Human exposure to PBDEs in students is below the US Environmental Protection Agency reference dose. Although exposure to PBDEs generated in dormitories does not pose a significant health risk, the potential hazards of PBDEs to the reagent environment remain to be investigated. [Display omitted] • PBDEs in dormitory dust pose a low risk of exposure to students. • PBDE pollution are widespread in Chinese student dormitory microenvironments. • Electrical appliances are important sources of PBDEs in student dormitories. • Laptop settled dust was more polluted with PBDEs than desktop dusts. • Female dormitories have more sources of PBDEs, such as decorations, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although global plastic distribution is at the heart of 21st century environmental concerns, little information is available concerning how organic plastic additives contaminate freshwater sediments, which are often subject to strong anthropogenic pressure. Here, sediment core samples were collected in the Rhone and the Rhine watersheds (France), dated using 137Cs and 210Pb xs methods and analysed for nine phthalates (PAEs) and seven organophosphate esters (OPEs). The distribution of these organic contaminants was used to establish a chronological archive of plastic additive pollution from 1860 (Rhine) and 1930 (Rhone) until today. Sediment grain size and parameters related to organic matter (OM) were also measured as potential factors that may affect the temporal distribution of OPEs and PAEs in sediments. Our results show that OPE and PAE levels increased continuously in Rhone and Rhine sediments since the first records. In both rivers, ∑PAEs levels (from 9.1 ± 1.7 to 487.3 ± 27.0 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) ± standard deviation and from 4.6 ± 1.3 to 65.2 ± 11.2 ng g−1 dw, for the Rhine and the Rhone rivers, respectively) were higher than ∑OPEs levels (from 0.1 ± 0.1 to 79.1 ± 13.7 ng g−1 dw and from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 17.8 ± 2.3 ng g−1 dw, for Rhine and Rhone rivers, respectively). In both rivers, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant PAE, followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), while tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE. No relationship was found between granulometry and additives concentrations, while organic matter helps explain the vertical distribution of PAEs and OPEs in the sediment cores. This study thus establishes a temporal trajectory of PAEs and OPEs contents over the last decades, leading to a better understanding of historical pollution in these two Western European rivers. [Display omitted] • Phthalates (PAEs) appeared in riverine sediments before the 1900s. • Higher concentrations of PAEs than OPEs were observed in sediments of both rivers. • Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the dominant OPE in sediments. • Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the dominant PAE in sediments. • A positive correlation was found between plastic additive level and organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were analysed in a high number of terrestrial samples of soil, earthworm, bird eggs and liver from red fox and brown rat in an urban area in Norway from 2013 to 2020. PFOS and the long chain PFCAs were the most dominating compounds in all samples, proving their ubiquitous distribution. Other less studied compounds such as 6:2 FTS were first and foremost detected in earthworm. 8:2 FTS was found in many samples of fieldfare egg, sparrowhawk egg and earthworm, where the eggs had highest concentrations. Highest concentrations for both 6:2 FTS and 8:2 FTS were detected at present and former industry areas. FOSA was detected in many samples of the species with highest concentrations in red fox liver and brown rat liver of 3.3 and 5.5 ng/g ww. PFAS concentrations from the urban area were significantly higher than from background areas indicating that some of the species can be suitable as markers for PFAS emissions in an urban environment. Fieldfare eggs had surprisingly high concentrations of PFOS and PFCA concentrations from areas known to be or have been influenced by industry. Biota-soil-accumulation factor and magnification calculations indicate accumulation and magnification potential for several PFAS. Earthworm and fieldfare egg had average concentrations above the Canadian and European thresholds in diet for avian wildlife and predators. For earthworms, 18 % of the samples exceeded the European threshold (33 ng/g ww) of PFOS in prey for predators, and for fieldfare eggs, 35 % of the samples were above the same threshold. None of the soil samples exceeded a proposed PNEC of PFOS for soil living organisms of 373 ng/g dw. [Display omitted] • PFAS were detected in 357 samples of soil and terrestrial species. • Fieldfare and sparrowhawk eggs had the highest PFAS concentrations. • PFOS concentrations from the urban area were higher than background areas. • Several urban point sources identified for PFAS. • Potential bioaccumulation and magnification for several PFAS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homegrown food serves as an important human exposure source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), yet little is known about their spatiotemporal distribution within and among private gardens. This knowledge is essential for more accurate site-specific risk assessment, identification of new sources and evaluating the effectiveness of regulations. The present study evaluated spatiotemporal changes of legacy and emerging PFAS in surface soil from vegetable gardens (N = 78) and chicken enclosures (N = 102), as well as in homegrown eggs (N = 134) of private gardens, across the Province of Antwerp (Belgium). Hereby, the potential influence of the wind orientation and distance towards a major fluorochemical plant was examined. The ∑short-chain PFAS and precursor concentrations were higher in vegetable garden soil (8.68 ng/g dry weight (dw)) compared to chicken enclosure soil (4.43 ng/g dw) and homegrown eggs (0.77 ng/g wet weight (ww)), while long-chain sulfonates and C 11−14 carboxylates showed the opposite trend. Short-term (2018/2019–2022) changes were mostly absent in vegetable garden soil, while changes in chicken enclosure soils oriented S-SW nearby (<4 km) the fluorochemical plant were characterized by a local, high-concentration plume. Moreover, soil from chicken enclosures oriented SE and remotely from the plant site was characterized by a widespread, diffuse but relatively low-concentration plume. Long-term data (2010–2022) suggest that phaseout and regulatory measures have been effective, as PFOS concentrations nearby the fluorochemical plant in soil and eggs have declined from 25.8 to 2.86 ng/g dw and from 528 to 39.4 ng/g ww, respectively. However, PFOS and PFOA concentrations have remained largely stable within this timeframe in gardens remotely from the plant site, warranting further rapid regulation and remediation measures. Future monitoring efforts are needed to allow long-term comparison for multiple PFAS and better distinction from potential confounding variables, such as variable emission outputs and variability in wind patterns. [Display omitted] • Detectable levels of at least five PFAS in every soil sample from private gardens. • Higher precursor and short-chain PFAS levels in vegetable garden soil. • Higher long-chain PFAS levels in chicken enclosure soil and homegrown eggs. • Short-term changes related with industrial emissions and atmospheric degradation. • Since 2010, PFOS and PFOA concentrations in soil and eggs declined nearby industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore contaminant concerns as a result of anthropogenic disturbance of the river system, this study provided the first extensive investigation of the contamination profiles, possible driving factors, and ecological risks of 40 target compounds including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), neonicotinoid pesticides (NNIs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments of the whole Yangtze River (the world's third longest river). Among these target compounds, PPCPs were the dominant contaminants with a total concentration (∑ 15 PPCPs) of 2.13–14.99 ng/g, followed by ∑ 7 PCBs (

Although growing evidences have proved the wide presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in marine environments, information on the tissue- and species-specific accumulation characteristics of these emerging pollutants in wild marine fish and the associated human exposure risks are currently lacking. Eleven OPEs were comprehensively investigated for their occurrence and tissue accumulation in 15 marine fish species and their living environment matrices (seawater and sediment) from the Beibu Gulf. The OPE concentrations were statistically higher in the liver (17.6–177 ng/g ww, mean 90.9 ± 52.1 ng/g ww) than those of muscle tissues (2.04–22.9 ng/g ww, mean 10.6 ± 5.6 ng/g ww). Tris (phenyl) phosphate (TPHP) was the most predominant OPE congeners in fish liver, and tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were dominant OPEs in the muscle. The results suggested different OPE profiles occurred between the tissues. The median logarithmic bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of TPHP in the muscle and liver, and TCEP in muscle were higher than the regulatory benchmark value (BCF >3.7), indicating very strong bioaccumulation. Carnivorous benthic fish appear to potentially accumulate TPHP, while pelagic and omnivory fish tend to accumulate TCIPP and TCEP. Except for proteins and phospholipids, no significant relationships were found between OPE levels and other biological properties of the studied fish. The results implied that the species-specific accumulation of OPEs mainly attributed to habitat and feeding habit rather than the difference of biochemical composition among species. Metabolism may have a significant effect on the bioaccumulation of OPEs in marine fish. The dietary risks of OPEs for consumers in different age groups ranged from 2.02 × 10−4 to 3.01 × 10−3, indicating relatively low human exposure risks from fish consumption. [Display omitted] • Bioaccumulation variation of 11 OPEs in 15 marine fish species were investigated. • Fish liver accumulates more TPHP, while TCEP and TCIPP for fish muscle. • OPEs showed dependent accumulation on habitat and feeding habit. • Species-specific biochemical property isn't the main factor for OPEs bioaccumulation. • Human health risks of the OPEs were low by the ingestion of the fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury (Hg), especially methylmercury (MeHg), which is highly neurotoxic, is a global pollutant that can affect human health because of its accumulation in aquatic products. Poyang Lake, an inland lake in China, has been significantly affected by human activity, yet there is limited understanding of local mercury contamination and potential exposure pathways to humans. In this study, we explored the risks of mercury exposure by sampling sediments, plants, and aquatic organisms in the lake and surrounding areas and analyzing total Hg (THg) and MeHg levels. Sediment sampling was conducted at the main lake, rivers, rice paddies, and fishponds. Two dominant species of plants and 15 species of aquatic organisms were sampled and analyzed. We assessed the characteristics of mercury in sediments using the geo-accumulation index (I geo), mercury exposure using the biomagnification factor (BMF) and biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF), and risks using thresholds for adverse effects. The highest THg concentrations (137.04 ± 44.3 ng g−1 dw) were detected in the main lake sediments, whereas the highest MeHg concentrations (0.47 ± 0.6 ng g−1 dw) were detected in fishpond sediments. Mercury accumulation in the main lake sediments could be assessed as contaminated (I geo > 0: 81.6%). Yellow catfish had the highest mercury concentration (THg 770.69 ± 199.7 ng g−1 dw; MeHg 741.93 ± 168.8 ng g−1 dw). Piscivores were adversely affected by carnivorous fish (50.8%), but all fish concentrations did not exceed the food safety standards recommend by China and the WHO. The mercury exposure results revealed significant Hg biomagnification and enrichment (BMF >1: 94.55%; BSAF max = 1218). Long-term monitoring of aquatic organisms is warranted. [Display omitted] • Sediments in Poyang Lake were moderately contaminated by mercury. • Fish mercury biomagnification factors were higher for methylmercury compared to total mercury. • Carnivorous fish posed the greatest risk for fish eating wildlife. • Fish mercury concentrations did not exceed food safety standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems may lead to adverse effects on aquatic communities and their ecological functions. Microplastics (MPs) are a class of contaminants of emerging concern that can exert both direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects. A growing number of studies have investigated MPs-attached microbial communities, but the interaction between MPs and substrate-associated biofilm (i.e., on natural river substrates, such as stones and sediments) remains poorly studied. In this work, the combined effects of polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) with a particle size of 10–45 μm (2 mg/L) and the antimicrobial triclosan (TCS) (20 μg/L) were investigated on river biofilms through a short-term exposure experiment (72 h). To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first time that the combined effects of MPs and chemical contaminants in substrate-associated river biofilms were assessed. Different response parameters were evaluated, including (i) exposure assessment and ii) contaminants effects at different levels: bacterial community composition, antibiotic resistance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), photosynthetic efficiency (Y eff), and leucine aminopeptidase activity (LAPA). Triclosan was accumulated in river biofilms (1189–1513 ng/g dw) alongside its biotransformation product methyl-triclosan (20−29 ng/g dw). Also, PE-MPs were detected on biofilms (168−292 MP/cm2), but they had no significant influence on the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of TCS. A moderate shift in bacterial community composition was driven by TCS, regardless of PE-MPs co-exposure (e.g., increased relative abundance of Sphingomonadaceae family). Additionally, Y eff and EPS content were significantly disrupted in TCS-exposed biofilms. Therefore, the most remarkable effects on river biofilms were related to the antimicrobial TCS, whereas single PE-MPs exposure did not alter any of the evaluated parameters. These results demonstrate that biofilms might act as environmental sink of MPs. Although no interaction between PE-MPs and TCS was observed, the possible indirect impact of other MPs-adsorbed contaminants on biofilms should be further assessed. [Display omitted] • Between 10 and 17% of the suspended polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) were accumulated in biofilms. • Exposure to PE-MPs did not affect structural and functional parameters of biofilms. • The antimicrobial triclosan (TCS) was accumulated and transformed by biofilms regardless of PE-MPs co-exposure. • Bacterial community structure and function of biofilms was affected by TCS. • Co-exposure to PE-MPs did not influence the toxicity of TCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The road dust and roadside soil can act as both sinks and sources of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) and chlorobenzenes (CBzs), but comparative research on these two adjacent media is extremely limited. In this study, HCBD and CBzs were simultaneously analyzed in road dust and roadside soil samples from an area containing both industrial factories and residential communities in Eastern China. The road dust there was found to have 2–6 times higher contents of HCBD (mean 1.14 ng/g, maximum 6.44 ng/g) and ∑ Cl3-Cl6 CBzs (22.8 ng/g, 90.6 ng/g) than those in the roadside soil. The spatial distributions of HCBD and CBzs in road dusts were affected by various types of sources, showing no significant discrepancy among the sites. On the contrast, HCBD and CBzs contamination in roadside soils occurring near several factories were strongly correlated to their industrial point sources. Risk assessments showed, at current contamination levels in the road dust and roadside soil, HCBD and CBzs are not likely to induce carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks to residents in the studied area. Nevertheless, road dust ingestion, as the major exposure pathway of HCBD and CBzs, should be avoided to reduce the exposure risk. These findings based on the contamination differences between two media provide a new perspective and evidence for screening important sources and exposure pathway of HCBD and CBzs, which would be helpful to their source identification and risk control. HCBD and CBzs in road dust and roadside soil in an industrial and residential mixed area. [Display omitted] • Pioneering study on HCBD and CBzs in road dust/soil from multifunctional area in China. • HCBD and CBz occurrences were significantly different between two media. • Roadside soil could reveal sources of HCBD and CBzs, but road dust couldn't. • Road dust was more contaminated by HCBD and CBzs than roadside soil. • HCBD and CBzs exposure via ingesting road dust posed highest risks among pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baby play mats serve as essential protective equipment widely utilized in residences, daycares, and kindergartens. Given their direct contact with infants and young children, the pollutants released from play mats may pose potential health risks. This study investigated the impact of disinfection on the release of microplastics (MPs) from play mats and offers an in-depth analysis of the derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) release. The results revealed that various disinfection treatments promoted the release of MPs from play mats. Among them, chlorination bleaching induced play mats to produce 2–3 times less MPs than ultraviolet sterilization (UVS) and UV-bleaching disinfection. The generation potential of MPs derived from play mats of different materials was ranked as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) > polypropylene (PP) ≈ polyethylene (PE) > polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Furthermore, PE play mat released highest concentration of total VOC after disinfection, increasing from 1.82 mg/m2 (control) to 15.82 mg/m2 (UV-bleaching). However, PVC released the most species of VOCs, with 76 species identified through non-target screening, such as several alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ketones, etc. Through toxicological prediction, VOCs with high toxic potential were identified. Individual VOCs from PP, such as Pentadecane (CAS: 629-62-9), exhibited high yields at 3.16 ng/g after UV-bleaching treatment. In conclusion, chlorination bleaching is safer than UVS and UV-bleaching disinfection in mitigating the release of pollutants from play mats. [Display omitted] • Disinfection facilitate release of MPs and VOCs from play mats. • The generation potential of MPs from play mats of different materials is ranked. • More than 200 species of VOCs are identified by non-target screening. • High toxic VOCs are predicted and analyzed quantitatively. • NaClO bleaching induce less contaminants release than UVS and UV-bleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid melting of the Arctic cryosphere due to climate change will result in significant freshwater input into Arctic marine ecosystems. This might also cause the release of legacy mercury (Hg) stored in the cryosphere, increasing Hg concentration and its subsequent effects on the marine biota. However, there is scarce knowledge on the concentration of Hg in the lower trophic level organisms at the base of the Arctic pelagic food web. This is particularly important since these organisms modulate the transfer of Hg to higher trophic levels, including fish and marine mammals. We quantified the total Hg (THg) concentration in two plankton size classes (>200 and 50–200 μm) in coastal waters along the east Greenland coast and investigated the potential assimilation efficiency of both inorganic Hg (IHg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) in mesozooplankton and their faecal pellets in experimental incubations. The concentration of THg in plankton ranged from 12 to 109 ng (g dw)−1 without clear trends between geographic locations or between fjords and coastal areas. Also, the concentrations did not vary between the different plankton size fractions. MeHg concentrations were lower in the mesozooplankton faecal pellets than IHg, which may be due to the higher assimilation of MeHg than IHg in mesozooplankton tissue. Our results confirm that Arctic zooplankton assimilates MeHg more efficiently than IHg and may contribute significantly to the partitioning and cycling of different Hg types in Arctic marine ecosystems. [Display omitted] • We measured the Hg levels in organisms at the base of the Arctic pelagic food web. • Plankton THg levels did not vary in the different coastal and shelf waters. • Plankton exposed to IHg had higher Hg in faecal pellets than those exposed to MeHg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found in all environment matrices and are of concern worldwide. In this study, PAHs were determined in Baiyangdian Lake, China, and the effects of MPs on the migration of PAHs at the lake interfaces were analyzed. The average abundances of detected MPs were 9595 items m−3 for water and 1023 items kg−1 for sediment. The detected MPs were polyamide 6, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. The average Σ 16 PAHs in the water, sediment, and air were 1338 ng L−1, 751 ng g−1 dry weight, and 395 ng m−3, respectively. At the air–water interface, naphthalene, and phenanthrene volatilized from water to air, whereas benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene deposited from air to water. The fugacity fraction between sediment and bottom water ranged from 0.88 to 0.99, which indicated net volatilization at the water–sediment interface. The adsorption capacities of the four MPs for the PAHs ranged from 39.4 to 99.8 μg g−1 with a desorption efficiency range of 0.01%–44.3% under oscillation. According to the distribution of PAHs on the MPs, the exchange fluxes of PAHs at the water–air and sediment–water interfaces were recalculated. The results showed that the MPs could increase deposition of the PAHs from air to the water (Δ F A–W : −221 × 10−2 to −0.01 × 10−2 ng m−2 d−1) and the volatilization of PAHs from sediment to water (Δ F W–S : −79.7 × 105 to 180 × 105 ng m−2 d−1), which suggests that MPs increase the risk of PAHs in water and to aquatic organisms. [Display omitted] • Microplastics (MPs) including PA6, PP, PE and PET were found in water layers. • In surface water, MPs' abundances were negatively related to PAHs concentrations. • The sorption capacity of PAHs on the four pristine MPs ranged 39.4 to 99.8 μg g−1. • MPs can increase PAHs in water via promoting air deposition and sediment release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olive mill wastewater (OMW), a pollutant residue from the olive oil industry, is typically stored as sludge in evaporation ponds. This study examines the long-term emissions of OMW sludge and its impact on local air quality, analysing chemical pollutants like PM 2.5 , volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and trace elements (TEs), along with microbial communities (bacteria and fungi). The study also considered meteorological conditions and back-trajectories to identify sources of these elements. The ecological risk index (ERI) was found to be over 720 due to high Hg levels in the sludge (19.0 ± 0.9 ng/g) and air (0.28 ± 0.13 ng/m³), indicating a significant ecological threat. VOCs, particularly oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes and phenol, contributed to the area's strong odour. Meteorological conditions and Sahara dust intrusions influenced bioaerosol loads and seasonal bacterial diversity, whose composition is closely associated with VOC concentrations. The results could contribute to a better understanding of the environmental dynamics in the OMW sludge evaporation ponds, and they could also assist in formulating effective management strategies. [Display omitted] • Olive mill waste sludges contribute particulate matter and trace elements, notably Hg. • Aldehydes and phenol are mainly responsible for the strong odour in the area. • The ecological risk index exceeds 720, posing an ecological threat around the ponds. • Volatile organic compounds and bacterial composition show strong correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]