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Goldsworthy and Florey1 studied the lysozyme content of the tears of several species of animals. They used the reduction in turbidity of a suspension of Micrococcus lysodeikticus as a measure of the amount of lysozyme. They showed the absence of lysozyme in the tears of the cat and the rabbit. The tears of the goat and the dog had a small amount of lysozyme, which was about 100 to 1000 times less than the amount in normal human tears. It has been shown previously2 that the tear fluid from a single subject may be analyzed by filter-paper electrophoresis. This method shows both the lysozyme component, which appears as a distinctive protein moving toward the cathode, and the other protein components of tears. Although there has been no report on the different protein components of tears of animals, Geinitz3 studied the proteins of the blood serum of animals

In a previous investigation1 analysis of chloroform extracts of aqueous humor from normal rabbit eyes by the blue tetrazolium method indicated the presence of corticosteroids in quantities of the order of magnitude of 1-1.5γ per milliliter. Since the blue tetrazolium method neither permits the identification of individual compounds in a mixture nor is specific only for oxidizable corticoids, the extracted aqueous humor was fractionated by paper partition chromatography and analyzed for corticosteroids. The results of this investigation strongly indicate that at least part of the blue-tetrazoliumpositive material present in aqueous humor is hydrocortisone. MATERIALS The following purified crystalline corticosteroids were donated by Sharp & Dohme, Division of Merck & Company, Inc.: 11-dehydrocorticosterone (A); corticosterone (B); 11-desoxy-17-hydroxycorticosterone (S); cortisone (11-dehydro-17hydroxycorticosterone, Compound E); hydrocortisone (17-hydroxycorticosterone, Compound F); hydrocortisone acetate; dihydrocortisone, and tetrahydrocortisone. Small aliquots of the samples were dissolved in absolute methanol in concentrations of 1γ and 37 per microliter and

In 1923, Coppez and Danis reported a number of cases of macular disease in elderly people under the title "Senile Macular Exudative Retinitis." The outstanding feature of all of these cases was an exudate in the macular region which gradually increased in size and pushed forward into the vitreous, giving the appearance of tumor formationIn 1926, Junius and Kuhnt published a monograph entitled "Disciform Degeneration of the Macula," and included under this heading a number of macular lesions occurring in persons past middle life and having certain Ophthalmoscopic features in common. In general, the cases described by Junius and Kuhnt have many of the features of those described by Coppez and Danis. They stressed the feature, however, that the macular exudation has a disklike contour, and because of this they gave the condition the name "disciform degeneration."A survey of the literature prior to the appearance of these

LAST YEAR my co-workers and I reported in a preliminary study on the relation of cysteine treatment to x-ray damage of the rabbit's eye which had been exposed locally to a single dose of 1,500 r of penetrating x-rays. There was at this time strongly suggestive evidence that among the signs of radiation damage to the eye two characteristic late effects of such radiation, epilation and x-ray cataract, were partially prevented by the intravenous use of 2 gm. of cysteine prior to irradiation.These animals have been followed now over periods of 12 to 16 months. Total cataract has developed in the control group in 12 of 14 animals within the observation time of 14 months. None of the cysteine-pretreated eyes showed at this time a lenticular opacity which was dense enough or extensive enough to interfere substantially with the visibility of fundus details. However, all these lenses exhibited some

This Ciba Foundation symposium was held in July, 1955. The subject is paper electrophoretic technique, which has become an increasingly important diagnostic tool. The general methods of paper electrophoresis and their use in medical problems are discussed by a group of experts.

WORLDWIDE ABSTRACTS OF PUBLISHED PAPERS PERTAINING TO CONTACT LENSES. Pp 170. Morrison Laboratories, Inc., Green & Division St, Harrisburg, Pa, 1963.The important role of optometrists, lens technicians, and optical manufacturers in the development and improvement of corneal contact lenses should be fully recognized. After the unsuccessful experience with contact lenses in the 1930's most ophthalmologists were backward-looking and skeptical about all developments in contact lenses. In large measure it remained for para medical groups to do the work that led to the development of the small corneal lens which is now held in such favor by the ophthalmic community. The two volumes under review attest to the importance of these groups in advancing our knowledge of contact lenses.Although the papers presented at the second American Optometric Association Contact Lens Symposium are uneven, some of them are first-rate; and many practicing ophthalmologists now fitting contact lenses would benefit

In 1958 Cogan and Kuwabara1 called attention to the previously undescribed, often confusing, and sometimes misleading accumulations of myelin in the peripapillary retina and choroid that may be formed when, in enucleating the eye, the optic nerve is crushed very close to the globe (Fig 1). Their paper, published in a nonophthalmic journal, has apparently not come to the attention of many ophthalmologists, for it has been our experience that this "lesion" continues to confuse many students of ophthalmic pathology. For this reason, and because we wish to record some additional observations not included in the original paper by Cogan and Kuwabara, the present paper has been prepared. These accumulations of myelin appear in routine histopathologic sections as amorphous granular eosinophilic deposits containing a few illdefined nuclei. They vary greatly in size, shape, and position, but most often as described by Cogan and Kuwabara, they are encountered in the

In the preceding paper (Spivey, 1965) some of the visual characteristics of a number of members of a family with congenital monochromatism were described. In the present paper the results of spectral tests on the color vision of one of these patients (the propositus) are reported. Spivey found convincing evidence for the existence of two different kinds of photoreceptors in the propositus' retina, one recovering rather quickly following a bright light bleach, the other more or less slowly. It is quite unlikely that the second of these is anything but normal retinal rods, but there are at least two reasonable interpretations of the early adapting photoreceptors:They are the same as the quickly adapting "high intensity" photoreceptors of typical total color blindness which have the spectral sensitivity of rods (Sloan, 1958; Alpern et al, 1960; Blackwell and Blackwell, 1961, among others).They are one of the three types

INTRODUCTION The inheritance of congenital monochromatism has been variously attributed to an autosomal, incomplete sex-linked1 and X-linked recessive2 modes of transmission. This confusion has arisen at least in part from the fact, as recent psychophysical measurements3-6 make abundantly clear, that there are several different varieties of monochromatism. Although these varieties can be differentiated from each other only by rather elaborate psychophysical measurements (ones rarely used in genetic studies), there is no reason to expect that they will all have the same means of genetic transmission.In the present paper some of the psychophysical and other ophthalmological findings in a pedigree with an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance (Fig 1) are presented. In the subsequent7 paper the results of further tests will be described which suggest that this family has a rare atypical form of congenital monochromatism. REPORT OF CASES MONOCHROMATS CASE 1 (VI-16; FIG 1).

The literature pertaining to the relationship between intraocular pressure and edema of the cornea was reviewed in an earlier communication (Ytteborg and Dohlman).1 Results of animal experiments were reported in the same paper. The immediate effect of varying the intraocular pressure on epithelial and stromal hydration, as well as on transparency, was observed. Raising or lowering of the intraocular pressure for a few hours had little effect on stromal hydration. Epithelial edema seemed to appear sooner and progress more rapidly as (a) the level of intraocular pressure was increased, and/or (b) stromal swelling increased after endothelial damage. The experiments were short so that the cornea, in most cases, did not have time to reach a new steady state of hydration.In the present paper, the long term effects were studied in human subjects having low, normal, or raised intraocular pressure, assumed to have remained steady for some time. Observations

INTRODUCTION This paper reports two cases of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with diffuse mottling of the fundus oculi. The occurrence of a mottled fundus in this disease is rare, but of a characteristic appearance. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) with mottled fundi has been reported in the foreign literature2,3,7,10,13 but has not been emphasized in papers in this country. Not infrequently, this characteristic fundus mottling is noted in eyes with angioid streaks; but it is rarely the predominant change, as it is in the cases presented here. REPORT OF CASES CASE 1. —A boy, age 12, was admitted to the Wilmer Institute on Oct 22, 1962, after having been struck in the right eye with a rock and sustaining traumatic hyphema. It is of note that at age 7 he had a well-documented case of typical rheumatic fever, followed by recurrent attacks. About the time of onset of rheumatic fever, the parents first

This paper reports characteristic granular changes found in the lens and cornea of patients who had received high dosages of chlorpromazine * for a prolonged period of time. These changes were noted in 49 of 131 patients, some of whom had received chlorpromazine for as long as nine years.Numerous annoying and sometimes harmful side reactions involving many of the body systems have been reported on relative shortterm therapy.1-4 Long-term effects have been reported only recently.5,6 Greiner and Berry described a violaceous, metallic discoloration of the skin of the exposed areas of the face, neck and hands in 70 patients.7 In 12 of the most severely affected individuals they also noticed grossly visible granular deposits in the posterior cornea and the anterior lens. CLINICAL STUDY The data presented in this paper were obtained by examining the eyes of 131 patients of Norristown State Mental Hospital who had received

The present paper concerns the retinal pathology in a case of herpes simplex infection of the newborn. The patient was an infant, who, along with the eye disease, had a severe encephalitis that caused profound dementia and eventually death. The reason for indicting herpes simplex was a 32-fold rise in the herpes simplex titer during the course of the disease. The clinical symptoms and neuropathologic abnormalities in this patient are being described in the neurologic literature (Young et al1) and will be reviewed only briefly in this paper. REPORT OF CASE The patient was an infant girl with an uneventful gestational and neonatal history. At the age of 3 weeks she developed fever (101.5 F [38.6 C]), irritability, and clonic seizures. No vesicles or other evidence of herpes simplex were seen in the patient's skin or mucous membranes. Study on the Neuropediatric Service of the Massachusetts General Hospital revealed:

Two previous reports in this series1,2 described the fine structure of Bruch's membrane in the human, monkey, rabbit, guinea pig, and rat,1 in the cat and dog which have a tapetum cellulosum,2 and in the cow which has a tapetum fibrosum.2 The fine structure of Bruch's membrane in the macular area of the human eye is described in this paper. The frequency of macular choroidal disease in humans prompted this special study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The material studied consisted of four eyes of humans 60 years old or older. The eyes were enucleated because of ocular melanomas, but their macular areas were intact.The method of processing these eyes was described in the first paper of the series.1 Pieces of choroid and attached retinal pigment epithelium were removed from the macular area by means of a trephine or razor blade and were then processed for

ANNOUNCEMENTS INSTITUTO BARRAQUER, COMPETITION FOR OPHTHALMOLOGICAL WORKS. —During the present year a competition is open again for scientific papers on ophthalmological subjects. Three main prizes of either 5000, 3000, or 1000 pesetas will be granted for the best papers, as well as several prizes of 500 pesetas. Address Instituto Barraquer, Laforja 88, Barcelona, Spain. REGULATIONS AND CONDITIONS: Any medical doctor under the age of 40, Spanish or foreigner, without regard as to his being member or not of the Institute, may participate in this competition. Members of the Board of Rectors are excluded.The term for admission of these papers ends on Dec. 31 of the present year.The papers may be written in the author's language and must be accompanied by an extensive summary (about 500 words); the purpose of this summary is to be translated for readers of different language.4. The papers are to

This paper presents the results of clinical and experimental work comparing a new local anesthetic agent, 2'-diethylaminoethyl 2-butoxy-3-aminobenzoate (Primacaine) hydrochloride* to certain other local anesthetics in common use, particularly from the standpoint of duration of effect. It is the third paper from our department reporting work started in 1951 in an attempt to find a local anesthetic of sufficient duration to avoid the period of acute postoperative pain which occurs during the first few hours after ocular surgery.1,2 Primacaine hydrochloride was recently made available to us as a local anesthetic agent. It has low toxicity, great potency, and a somewhat longer duration than other anesthetics currently available.3,4Scheie et al.,1 in 1952, reviewed the literature on long-lasting local anesthetics and pointed out the advantages which would accrue from local anesthesia of sufficient duration to avoid postoperative pain in ocular surgery. Much restlessness, nausea, and vomiting, all of

A tumor exerting pressure on an optic nerve eventually causes optic atrophy. As it enlarges and finally causes elevation of intracranial pressure, papilledema occurs in the opposite eye, but not in the eye with the optic atrophy, for in this eye the sheath about the nerve is closed by the tumor at the optic foramen so that the cerebrospinal fluid pressure cannot be transmitted to the nerve head. The syndrome of ipsilateral optic atrophy and contralateral papilledema due to a basofrontal or subfrontal tumor is called Kennedy's syndrome or, perhaps more correctly, the Paton-Kennedy syndrome. The most comprehensive paper on the subject since the original one by Kennedy in 1911 is that of Jefferson (1945),1 who found 14 cases among 100 frontal lobe tumors and listed five variants of the syndrome.In this paper are described a typical case of the Kennedy syndrome and also a variant not mentioned

In a recent paper it was reported by Burian, Braley, and Allen1 that the trabecular zone is externally visible by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in all normal eyes and that a thickening and prominence at the edge of this trabecular zone on the chamber side, constituting the so-called embryotoxon corneae posterius, is a relatively frequent occurrence. In no patient seen up to the time of publication of that paper could the region of the canal of Schlemm be identified in external examination. Ascher2 had previously described a patient in whom the canal of Schlemm was visible owing to a coloboma of the corneoscleral limbus, but this case had remained unique. In the present paper we wish to report on two patients in whom we were able to observe the region of the canal of Schlemm by external slit-lamp examination and in whom we could verify this finding by gonioscopy. The

In an earlier paper (Karpe and Rendahl, 1952), an account was given of 100 cases of detachment of the retina, in which the course of the disease was studied with the electroretinogram (ERG). Since then, an additional 150 cases have been followed with the ERG at the same eye clinic. It has therefore been considered expedient to analyze these total 250 cases in order to complement the earlier investigation, to confirm its results, and to attempt further elucidation of a number of essential problems regarding the nature of retinal detachment.In the aforementioned paper, it was first of all shown that, as could be expected, retinal detachment is associated with a marked deterioration in the ERG and that this deterioration runs to some extent parallel to the size of the detached area. The investigation nevertheless showed that some additional factor must exist which determines the size of the b-potential on

The AO H-R-R (Hardy-Rand-Rittler) Pseudoisochromatic Plates1 present for general use a comprehensive, inexpensive, and rapid test of color vision suitable for office, school, and clinic—a test which should be of considerable practical value. The principles underlying the test and its unique features have been described in previous papers published in the Archives2 under the title "The H-R-R Polychromatic Plates." The present paper is a brief report on our evaluation of the H-R-R Plates as made commercially available by the American Optical Company. The report will deal only with the test as a device for analyzing red-green vision, since the number of subjects who have made errors in the blue-yellow series of plates is too small to warrant conclusions as to the value of the plates of this series.In the previous paper an evaluation was given of the H-R-R Polychromatic Plates (hereafter to be referred to as the

This paper presents the results of peripheral iridectomy with scleral cautery on 72 eyes of 60 patients with various types of glaucoma. Thirty-seven of the eyes in this series were previously reported1; 42 had been reported in the original paper, but 5 have been lost to follow-up. All patients have been examined within 8 months of the writing of this paper. The follow-up period is from 2 months to 4 years. Results for 58 of the eyes have been followed for longer than a year.The operation, as described by Scheie,2 consists essentially of making a wide limbus-based flap, the application of thermal cautery to the area of sclera to be incised, a scratch incision over the root of the iris into the anterior chamber, reapplication of the cautery to cause retraction of the wound edges, and a peripheral iridectomy. When the iris does not prolapse spontaneously or

REGULAR MEETINGS Chicago Ophthalmological Society—Third Monday of every month, October-May, Student Union Building, University of Illinois, 715 S. Wood St., Chicago.New England Ophthalmological Society—Third Wednesday of every month, November-April, Museum of Science, Boston.New York Academy of Medicine Section on Ophthalmology—Third Monday of every month, November-May, New York Academy of Medicine, 2 E. 103d St. New York, 29. SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETING. —The Section of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of the Southern Medical Association announces that it will now accept papers to be considered for presentation before the next annual meeting at Miami Beach, Fla., Nov. 12-15, 1962. Papers will be accepted for consideration for presentation until May 15, 1962.For further information please contact the Secretary, Dr. Albert C. Esposito, Suite 1212, First Huntington National Bank Building, Huntington 1, W. Va. GENERAL NEWS A NEW RESEARCH BUILDING AT THE WILMER INSTITUTE. —A new building to cost approximately $1,250,000

ANNOUNCEMENTS MEETINGS OF ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OPHTHALMOLOGY, INC. —The following dates for regional and national meetings of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology, Inc., have been announced. The bylaws of the Association require that all papers presented at the national meetings be published in the supplements. Publication of papers from section meetings is optional.Midsouthern Section Nov. 13 and 14, 1959Jesse Jones Library Building, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TexasLouis Girard, M.D., Chairman, Hermann Professional Building, Houston, Texas,Southeastern Section Dec. 3, 4, and 5, 1959Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga.John R. Fair, M.D., Chairman, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga.Midwinter National Meeting Dec. 3, 4, and 5, 1959Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga.Lorand V. Johnson, M.D., Chairman, 10515 Carnegie Ave., Cleveland 6East Central Section Jan. 4, 1960University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.Harold Falls, M.D., Chairman, University Hospital, Ann Arbor,

This paper presents further observations on the treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with corticotropin and corticosteroids. In a previous paper Scheie and Alper1 reported the results obtained by the use of corticotropin and cortisone in 11 patients, 10 of whom showed complete recovery. The present report summarizes the treatment and course of 25 more patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus who have been treated with hormones given systemically. All of the patients had typical cutaneous changes accompanied by ocular involvement and severe pain. Further experience has strengthened our initial conclusion that hormones exert a favorable influence when used therapeutically for herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Relief of pain usually is achieved in one or two days, and the ocular lesions show prompt improvement. The course of the skin lesions seems shortened.Several reports on the use of corticotropin and corticosteroids have appeared since the review of the literature in our previous paper.

Convergence nystagmus, as defined in this paper, is a rhythmic oscillation in which a slow abduction of the eyes in respect to each other is followed by a quick, and presumably corrective, movement of adduction. It must be an unusual finding, since it has been so little discussed in the literature. The only description of specific cases appears to be that of Furtado (1956), who reported two instances.1 Kestenbaum (1946) referred to it in connection with nystagmus retractorius in the para-aqueductal syndrome2; Walsh (1957) referred to it with spasms of convergence accompanying pinealomas,3 and incidental allusions to it may be found in papers dealing with other entities.4 As Furtado points out, however, it has not been considered a clear-cut entity.The present report is based on the observation of six patients with convergence nystagmus (and one with divergence nystagmus) studied with the particular aim of localizing

Each one of us, at one time or another, is confronted during a routine fundus examination by a small, flat, pigmented lesion, unassociated with any other abnormal fundus finding. Almost immediately several questions enter our mind: Could this be a very early malignant melanoma? If we can't be sure it's not a malignant melanoma, is it safe to wait and merely observe the patient periodically? If it is a benign lesion now, can it change into a malignant melanoma later on?It is the purpose of this paper to attempt an answer to these questions, especially the last one, based on a study of the clinical course of 42 patients possessing such a lesion.Let us first indicate specifically what kind of lesion we are concerned with in this paper. It is small, from a fraction of a disc diameter (Fig. 1) to several disc diameters in size (Fig. 2).

Chronic intraocular inflammation is a devastating disease. The alternative to treatment is usually blindness.This paper concerns itself with three groups of patients. The first includes those with chronic intraocular inflammation, mostly chronic uveitis, who have been treated for a period of six months or more. The second group comprises those with chronic inflammation who have been treated less than six months and for whom the prognosis is not always clear. The third group, which is not analyzed statistically at this time but which must be mentioned, consists of those persons who hitherto have been considered hopeless, mostly because of chronic degenerative diseases, such as macular degeneration. In this latter group the failures far outnumber the successes. However, these are failures to succeed and not failures to try.The definition of chronic uveitis is not simple. For purposes of this paper, chronic uveitis is defined as an inflammation of the

The endothelium of the corneoscleral trabeculum is an important part of the filtration apparatus of the human eye.1-4 Minute details of structure and pathology are valuable, since they may eventually help to understand, prevent, and treat glaucoma.In this paper a new technique is introduced to demonstrate the trabecular meshwork with its endothelium and the supplying nerve fibers. The examination of the trabeculum of the normal eyes of a small child confirmed the findings of earlier authors. The studies of the trabeculum of eyes with two different types of angle closure following cataract surgery revealed extensive atrophy of the endothelium and changes of the trabeculae. The present paper represents my first report on the pathology of the chamber angle. More papers on this subject are intended.The reported findings are given with a short clinical description of the cases used for the demonstration. This is necessary, since this paper

GENERAL NEWS RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE MOTOR DRIVERS VISION COMMITTEE OF THE CANADIAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. —These standards represent the best opinions of our time, but factual scientific data to back them is deficient, and therefore we must be prepared to change them as increasing knowledge may make it necessary. EYE BANK AND SIGHT CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA. —The Eye Bank and Sight Conservation Society of Virginia has been asked to be affiliated with the National Eye Bank, New York, and the Director, Dr. E. G. Gill, has been elected a member of the Council. ANNOUNCEMENTS CALL FOR PAPERS. —The 1959 meeting of the Section on Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, will be held in Atlantic City, N. J., June 8 to 12, 1959. Anyone wishing to present a paper before the Section is urged to communicate with Dr. Harold G. Scheie as soon as possible. A title and abstract of 50 to

It has been our effort within the last few years to study the histology of ophthalmoscopic findings. Knowledge of the histology of such findings appears valuable, since it often helps understand their development and nature and therefore increases the significance of findings within the clinical entities.The present paper is concerned with the histology of the retinal changes in advanced angiospastic (hypertensive, nephritic, albuminuric, arteriospastic) retinopathy. This type of retinopathy represents a very complex pathological entity of the retina with a primary vascular involvement and extensive secondary changes of the neuroectodermal tissues of the retina (neurons and glia). In this study our interest is concentrated on the histological findings which explain the ophthalmoscopic symptom of the macular star-figure. This paper represents a continuation of an earlier study on this subject which has appeared also in the Archives of Ophthalmology.1 REPORT OF A CASE A 48-year-old Negro man was transferred

Electrophoretic determination of protein values in normal aqueous humor offers considerable difficulties, owing to the following two factors: Proteins are present only in minute quantities, whereas there are considerable quantities of salts as against the low protein concentration. I. THE MINUTE PROTEIN QUANTITIES The aqueous humor normally contains 10 to 40 mg. of total protein per 100 ml., i. e., 10μg. to 40μg/100μ1. (microliters), according to Amsler, Verrey, and Huber (1955).Paper electrophoretic examination of blood serum under favorable conditions generally requires 10μ1. (600 to 800μg. of protein). Quantities of less than 5μ1. yield no reliable results, as shown by the investigations of Klatskin, Reinmuth, and Barnes (1956), who made a critical analysis of quantitative-fractional paper electrophoresis of blood proteins, and by our personal observations.If the protein solution is deposited on the paper at one localized point rather than in a line, then the serum quantity required can be

The purpose of this paper is to study various factors that may influence the intraocular pressure in glaucoma and thereby obtain information concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. More specifically, this paper is concerned with the effect of ganglionic blocking agents and some central nervous system depressant drugs on aqueous humor dynamics in glaucomatous eyes. Primary glaucoma cannot be duplicated satisfactorily in the animal eye; therefore, its pathogenesis has to be investigated on human glaucomatous eyes. The tonographic method of Grant * was employed in the present work because it is a convenient research tool with which one can study the mechanism of ocular hydrodynamics in patients.The use of ganglionic blocking agents in the treatment of hypertension has been well documented in the past few years; Paton,3 Burt,4 and Locket5 described the mode of action of these agents in man, while their specific effect on

The primary object of this paper is to account for the relative position of the eyes, binocular vision, and visual acuity in cases of permanent convergent squint operated upon early and thereafter followed up for a prolonged period. These cases did not undergo orthoptic training. By orthoptic training is understood, in the present paper, exercises to counteract the suppression of the image from the one eye, abolishing anomalous retinal correspondence and any incorrect relation between accommodation and convergence, and the use of prismatic lenses for improvement of the amplitude of fusion or compensation of the angle of squint.This investigation may, further, be regarded as a contribution to a more comprehensive task, viz., the elucidation of the mechanism of the development of esotropia. In this respect it is complementary to previous publications by me (Nordlöw* and Dahlberg and Nordlöw2). This aspect will be considered further in "Comment." REVIEW OF

An extinguished electroretinogram in cases of retinitis pigmentosa has been demonstrated by Prof. G. Karpe, of Sweden. Lorrin A. Riggs (1954) and Armington and Schwab (1954) have reported similar electroretinographic responses in cases of congenital night blindness and retinitis pigmentosa.This paper deals with yet another form of night blindness and its effects on the human electroretinogram. As is well known, an adequate vitamin A level in the blood is mainly responsible for the normal functioning capacity of the rods. Similarly, the scotopic electroretinographic tracing represents the electrical response of the rods. A direct relationship may thus exist between the clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency and the electroretinogram.The height of the b-wave of an electroretinogram of a dark-adapted eye represents directly the functioning capacity of the rods and indirectly the grade of vitamin A deficiency in the blood. This paper indicates the relationship between (1) clinical manifestations of

Although dermatophytes occasionally infect superficial portions of the mucous membrane and skin of the eyelids, primary and secondary mycotic infections of the eye are relatively rare. Birge1 recently published an excellent comprehensive review, with more than 300 references, dealing with infections of the eye caused by fungi and fungus-like higher bacteria. Therefore, a detailed summary of the literature would hardly serve any significant purpose in this paper. An extensive review of many published papers on the general subject failed to disclose any instance in which Monosporium apiospermum was associated with corneal ulcer or other infection of the eye. The purpose of this paper is to present the clinical and pathologic observations in a patient with corneal ulcer and hypopyon which failed to respond to antibiotics, sulfonamide drugs, or other therapeutic measures, which are usually successful. M. apiospermum was cultured from the lesion, and fungi were demonstrated in histologic sections

THE EXPERIMENTS to be reported in this paper were undertaken for the purpose of determining steroid levels in the aqueous humor following subconjunctival injections or topical applications of cortisone acetate or hydrocortisone acetate.*The results of such studies were reported earlier from this laboratory t and by others.‡ The results were similar, but because of certain difficulties and inadequacies of the methods employed, discussed in a later paper from this laboratory,5 it was deemed of importance to reinvestigate this problem, using certain essential modifications in the analytical methods. METHODS Adult rabbits, approximately 4 lb. (1.8 kg.) in weight, were used. The aqueous humor was removed with a 26-gauge needle and tuberculin syringe by means of an oblique corneal puncture The eyes were previously anesthetized by the instillation of two drops of 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride and were thoroughly flushed with isotonic saline before the aqueous humor specimens were removed for

IN A RECENT paper, Nicholls1 reviewed the literature dealing with the relation of heterophorias to depth perception. This author concludes that, within fairly wide limits, heterophoria seems to have little influence on the acuity of stereopsis. This is certainly true, inasmuch as cyclotorsional movements of the eyes are not involved.In this paper an attempt is made to show that, under certain circumstances, misinterpretations of space frequently occur owing to cyclotorsion, i. e., wheel-like rotations of the eyes about their lines of fixation (Ogle2). Cyclotorsion is normally performed in the interest of proper alignment of the eyes to provide binocular single vision and reliable distance discrimination of vertically located objects. Cyclomotions of the eyes for this purpose are called "cyclofusional movements." According to Ogle,2 the most evident characteristics of the cyclofusional mechanisms can be described as follows: 1. Both eyes perform essentially equal, but opposite, cyclotorsional movements