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Violence is a serious public health issue and constitutes a historical social phenomenon with diverse causes and consequences, and multiple manifestations. The main victims continue to be populations left vulnerable and marginalised, where dimensions including gender, class, race and social belonging intersect. Although studies to explain the phenomenon of violence do address ethnic and racial issues, they tend not to consider violence as stemming also from institutional racism. This paper examines data from a qualitative and quantitative study drawing on focus groups and semi-structured interviews to evaluate symbolic and structural violence experienced by young black people from 15 to 29 years old residing in peripheral neighbourhoods of two Brazilian state capitals - Recife and Fortaleza. The focus is on their standpoints that situate the intersectionality, especially among race/skin colour, territorial belonging and class, in the very definition of identity. In both capitals, the young black people revealed a common reality: life projects constrained by economic limitations and by the concrete or symbolic demarcation of social spaces to which they are denied access.

The scope of this paper was to analyze the association between the time spent watching television (TV) and the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) obesity and obesity associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among elderly Brazilians, according to gender, comparing data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys (NHS). It involved a cross-sectional study, with data from 23,815 and 43,554 elderly people, respectively, from the 2013 and 2019 NHS. Self-reported TV screen time was categorized into: <3, 3-6, and ≥6 per day. Obesity was assessed by body mass index ≥27 kg/m² and CVD by self-reported medical diagnosis. In 2013, elderly women who watched TV ≥6 hours/day were more likely to have OCD obesity (OR=1.87; 95%CI=1.32;2.64) and obesity associated with CVD (OR=6.30; 95%CI=3.38;11.74). In 2019, elderly women who watched TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.44; 95%CI=1.25;1.65) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=1.55; 95%CI=1.28;1.88) were more likely to have OCD obesity, while the incidence of obesity associated with CVD was higher for ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.48;3.06). In 2019, men were more likely to have obesity associated with CVD watching TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.76; 95%CI=1.20;2.56) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.27;3.57). The importance of reducing screen time by the elderly is clearly evident.

The objective of this study was to identify and discuss the tools for the promotion and evaluation of adequate and healthy eating based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. The scoping review was conducted according to the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciELO and LILACS. Sixteen studies on relevant tools, based on the food guide for individuals of all age groups, were thus included: two descriptive studies, two randomized clinical trial protocols, eleven methodological analyses, and one psychometric paper, aimed at either a focal population (n=12) or health professionals (n=4). Six studies addressed tools for promoting adequate and healthy eating, and ten developed tools for evaluating dietary practices or the knowledge and activities of health professionals. This review can therefore assist health professionals in choosing instruments for the implementation and/or dissemination of food guide recommendations, contributing to the promotion of adequate and healthy eating habits.

It will be presented the main academic contributions of Professor Ana Marlúcia Oliveira (AMO) (in memoriam), nutritionist, professor at the School of Nutrition at the Federal University of Bahia, Ph.D. in epidemiology and CNPQ Researcher level A, from 1980 to 2021. Professor Ana accumulated, throughout her academic career, scientific articles published in national and international journals; book and book chapters authored by her; papers presented at scientific events, in addition to guiding scientific projects, dissertations and theses. She has coordinated several research projects in the field of food and nutrition in public health, with a focus on nutritional epidemiology. The scope of the subjects addressed in her scientific production expressed the concern that mobilized her around the production of knowledge to face the complex health and nutrition problems in Brazil. Her way of being in the world, welcoming and caring for people who approached her seeking qualification opportunities, her example, words and teachings influenced, and still influence, the trajectory and training of nutritionists, professors and researchers at ENUFBA and other national and international institutions. She was a Brazilian researcher and intellectual committed to the health of the most vulnerable populations and the fight against malnutrition and hunger in our country. Her wide and fruitful work left us a legacy to be remembered and continued. Some of her friends, colleagues and collaborators pay this tribute to her memory, to her example and to the legacy she left for all of us and future generations.

The concept of Institutional Racism (IR) gained emphasis in the late 1990s and the 2000s. It became one of the central terms in the discussion on racism and the Black Population Health. In Brazil, this category hegemonically influences the understanding of racism in health studies and debates. This qualitative case study paper analyzes the incorporation of the IR concept in Brazil in implementing the National Comprehensive Health Policy for the Black Population. Government documents from the Ministry of Health and the Institute of Applied Economic Research were analyzed. Although the formal inclusion of the discussion about IR in the public policy agenda in the early 21st century is a great achievement, apprehending this fact in isolation disregards the dialectical interaction between individual, institutional, and structural forms in the racialization dehumanizing process. Thus, combating IR depends on facing the reasons that lead institutions to reproduce racism and its consequences on access to housing, work, education, and health services and actions.

This paper reflects on the Family Health Strategy (ESF) workers' understanding of racial relationships and health intersections. We conducted semi-structured interviews with ESF teams' professionals in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, whose data were analyzed in light of the discussions that focused on the racial theme. The results point to discrepancies between different health models in the daily routine, race/skin color invisibility in training and professional work, and whiteness as a structuring element of race relationships. The study reaffirms the need for Public Health to focus on the intersection between the issue of race/skin color and healthcare relationships and invest in the training of professionals regarding race discussions.

The scope of this paper is to analyze the adhesion of municipalities in São Paulo to the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The adhesion data in SP showed that it did not occur unanimously, immediately or uniformly. The theory of policy diffusion was used, with the objective of studying the process of adoption and implementation of public policies by subnational entities, in contexts where coercion occurs in the federal sphere. From the discussions related to the diffusion mechanism called coercion, the following question was answered: what explains the diffusion of the FHS in the municipalities of SP, in the coercive context of vertical influence? The survival analysis technique was applied to identify explanatory factors for the diffusion of the FHS, considering political and party variables of institutional design, neighborhood influence, internal needs, and structural factors. The results reveal that horizontal interactions between both ideological and regional subnational governments, as well as the local social, economic and political issues are relevant to understand the research questions. This finding enables us to reflect on the limits of vertical influence in the promotion of initiatives for subnational governments.

The scope of this study was to assess the literature on the characteristics of patients, physicians, and physician-patient relationships considered 'problematic.' An integrative review of primary studies published between January 1, 2016, and September 30, 2021, in Portuguese, English and Spanish was conducted, Of the 3,414 papers identified in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Lilacs databases, 19 were selected for qualitative analysis. Seven studies were carried out in Europe, eight in North America, two in South America and two in China, totaling 1,694 patients, 1,903 assistant physicians, 101 residents and 160 medical academics. Physicians and academics considered the following to be problematic: patients with clinical conditions such as psychosomatic and chronic illnesses; symptoms and complaints such as pain; powerful emotions; problems in obtaining and sharing information, in decision-making, in the adherence to the therapeutic plan and in their self-care; and some sociodemographic and vulnerability characteristics. Among other aspects, patients, or their relatives, considered physicians to be problematic when they did not listen to them or appear to care about their children, Teaching medical communication and systemic interventions are recommended to improve physician-patient relationships.

To standardize the teaching curriculum, the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Undergraduate Course in Public Health (DCNsCGSC) were set up in 2017. A qualitative and exploratory study with a documental approach was conducted, using the content analysis method, to analyze teaching in undergraduate courses in Public Health in Brazil in the light of Pedagogical Projects. After analysis of 22 projects, it was observed that the majority of the courses (31.8%) complied with the DCNsCGSC in terms of total workload, internship, final paper, and complementary activities. The term "bachelor's degree in public health" is the main denomination (77.3%). Most courses are in the northern region (27%) and federal institutions (68.5%). In terms of teaching, 274 mentions of mandatory components were identified with the term of reference of the subareas of Public Health. Of these, the areas of health policies, planning, and management represent 66.42% (182) of the components and the social and human sciences in health 9.5% (26). The study elucidated how undergraduate teaching is carried out, adding reflections on the convergence of DCNsCGSC. In addition, it revealed possible gaps in the teaching content necessary for training for professional practice, especially for the consolidation of the Unified Health System.

The scope of this paper is to elicit reflection on therapy clowns in the realm of Popular Education in Health. It describes and analyzes interventions conducted between October 2020 and December 2021 between civil service workers and patients in the Sertão Central hinterlands. Therapy clowning paved the way as a potent technology for humanized care treatment by the resident nurse. As an intermediary between scientific and popular knowledge, in its scenopoetic approach, it dealt creatively and humorously with taboo subjects for community health, promoting a light-hearted interaction experience with its audience. The experience revealed some points about the scarcity of investment to make projects like this viable, thereby empowering the institutionalization of Popular Education in Health. For this reason, we advocate the implementation of training sessions and workshops on concepts, challenges, and potentialities in Popular Education in Health. Therapy clowning, as a proposed action, is a transformative technology that inspires a proactive approach in the community through knowledge, loving care, and art.

The challenge of analyzing the infodemic distortion and avid consumption of fake news is linked to the complexity of production, dissemination, and contamination of the social imagination. The modalities of uninformative situations and gaps in the conceptual framework fall into indeterminacy, although scant attention has been devoted to the reception of messages. This paper refers to the technological and cultural circumstances from which the production and uncontrollable consumption of lies thrive, often justified for different purposes. The centrality of mass deception is highlighted as an aggression to politics and public health in a socio-cultural context in which the addiction to excitement has become structural. Analytical tools from Türcke's Philosophy of Sensation are used to understand the phenomenon of uninterrupted production of stimuli and imagery artifacts that incite addiction in narratives of deception and interactions without any relationship. The conclusion drawn is that in the context of the current "Media Age", new forms of ideology and alienation are involved in consumption cycles. The needs of group identity generate speech without dialogue and deterioration of communicative processes in which the power of conviction prevails over fact.

Instruments to evaluate psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among adolescents are scarce, and there appears to be only one instrument - unnamed and unvalidated - that investigates determinants derived from theories of social psychology targeting the frequency of F&V consumption among adolescents. The scope of this paper was to present the process of cultural adaptation and factor validation of this instrument al-lowing its use in studies with Brazilian adolescents. The cross-cultural adaptation process was accomplished and the final version - named Psychosocial Influence Scale for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescents (PSI-FAVES) - was tested with 429 students (58% female) using McDonald's omega (ω) reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as analytical methods. The final version required refinement and the instrument showed adequate overall reliability (ω=0.86) and good fit of the data to the previously elaborated model (CFI=0.955; TLI=0.951 and RMSEA (90%CI) =0.043 (0.038-0.049)), being the first systematically validated instrument to investigate psychosocial determinants of F&V consumption among adolescents.

This paper aims at presenting a proposal for grouping cases for the organization of health services and care pathways. This is an exploratory study in the field of health services planning and management, which used, as its methodology, documentary and bibliographic research as well as interviews with specialists by using nominal group technique. From the strategic analysis, four groups were identified: smaller CM; CM with late surgical approach; CM with immediate surgical approach; and CM incompatible with life. The proposition started from the articulation of clinical, epidemiological and health planning knowledge to assist in the management and organization of congenital malformations care. The strategic analysis proved to be adequate and allowed us to identify case groups that demand a homogeneous set of care strategies and care in health services with a similar profile. This proposal can also contribute to regional planning and management of care for other complex health problems and conditions, which demand the articulation of specialized services and high technological density.

This paper set out to present the outcomes of qualitative research conducted with medical students of a Mental Health and Psychiatry League (LASMP). Its objectives were to sensitize them to perceive themselves as people and provide them with other rationales different from biomedical ways of thinking. The reflexive groups, within the culture circle, provided an opportunity for an exchange of ideas, time for reflection and sharing of fully formed daily experiences. They were configured as a strategy of change and awakening to rethink models of health more focused on healthcare than on diseases. Participant observation enabled revealing, through the narratives, particularities of the experiences, discourses and culture of the group itself. The analyses were carried out using the reflexivity method (Bourdieu, 2001; 2004), as it permits the systematic deepening of the contents of the narratives. Without any pretension of synthesis, the reflexive course on the narratives started from the assumptions of thought and actions to arrive at the constructed and shared meanings. They offered possibilities of transforming the way of perceiving the world of work, themselves, and the people around them; of changing the understanding of mental health beyond the individual level.

Resolute and comprehensive health care in remote rural municipalities (RRMs) requires Primary Health Care (PHC) with a strong community dimension anchored in the territory. This paper aims to analyze the performance profile of doctors in PHC, considering their work both in the territory and in PHC units. The perspective of doctors, critical agents in PHC, contributes to understanding whether there is an equitable and comprehensive availability of PHC. A qualitative study was carried out in 27 RRMs, with interviews with 46 Family Health doctors. Content analysis, structuring results in dimensions of arrangements in the performance of doctors in the territories and the organization of activities at the PHC units. Doctors concentrated their activities in the PHC units, primarily in municipal headquarters, with heterogeneous work agreements. Knowledge about the characteristics of the territory and the population was weak, especially those assigned at a considerable distance from municipal headquarters. In the rare work conducted within the territory, an itinerant and/or campaigning model was observed, with the mark of discontinuity. Walk-in patients were prioritized over care actions of follow-up and planning. The findings indicate the need to reinforce interaction with the territory in the provision of PHC services in RRMs.

The scope of this paper is an ecological study to determine the consumption of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District and monitor the trend between the years 2014 to 2020. Data collection on the dispensation of manipulated naltrexone was done through the National Management System of Controlled Products, published in 2020, considering low-dose prescriptions of up to 5 mg. The calculation of the dispensation coefficients used the population estimates of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Descriptive statistical analysis and generalized Prais-Winsten regression analysis were used for the time series analysis. The trends observed were classified as increasing, stable, or decreasing, with a 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. The results showed higher LDN consumption coefficients in the Mid-West, South and Southeast regions and lower coefficients in the North and Northeast. Increasing dispensation of LDN was observed in 55.6% of the capitals, being stationary in 44.4%, with no decreasing coefficients. Despite the limited evidence regarding LDN pharmacotherapy and its off-label prescription, the data show that prescription, dispensing, and consumption have been on the increase in Brazil, with emphasis on the central-south regions of the country.

This paper aims to assess the magnitude and profile of deaths from post-COVID conditions in Brazil. Descriptive study based on preliminary data from the 2021 Mortality Information System. Records with ICD code B94.8 as the Basic Cause and with code U09 in some lines of part I or II of the declaration were considered for analysis. The distribution of deaths by geographic region, semester of occurrence, sex, age group, ethnicity/skin color, schooling, and place of occurrence was evaluated. We identified 2,948 deaths from conditions subsequent to COVID-19 were recorded, ranging from 0.5 deaths per 1,000 records in the Northeast Region to 3.6/1,000 in the Midwest Region. More than half occurred among males (58.0%), those aged 60 years or older (66.9%), and whites (51.8%). Conclusion: Deaths from post-COVID conditions had distinct sociodemographic characteristics between regions.

The objective of this work was to review published scientific works on leprosy as a public health problem in Brazil, and the marker of vulnerability for people with the disease. A scoping review was carried out with the descriptor 'leprosy AND vulnerability', on the Virtual Health Library (BVS) database. A total of 29 articles published between January 2016 and December 2020 that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The results pointed to scientific papers published in indexed journals and with different impact factors, with emphasis on the fact that most of the selected publications appear in journals with impact metrics that are not very significant in the eyes of the international community, even though they have national impact. The majority of the studies had municipal coverage, with emphasis on cities in the North and Northeast of Brazil. The works addressed vulnerability in leprosy using different typologies.

This paper analyzes the current evidence on discrimination perceived by elderly adults (> 50 years) in the use of health services and identifies factors associated with this discriminatory experience. It involved an integrative literature review, carried out on the Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science search websites, in June/2021. The key words used were social discrimination or ageism; middle-aged, or aged 80 and over or elderly; health services or health services for the elderly, including synonyms, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The search strategy identified 1,165 articles; 19 met the eligibility and inclusion criteria and were included in this integrative review. They comprise quantitative and qualitative studies published between 2002 and 2021; about 60% carried out in the United States and Australia. The prevalence of discrimination in the use of health services ranged from 2% to 42%. The report of discriminatory practices was associated with ethnic-racial characteristics, sex, age, sexual orientation, physical appearance, and social class. By giving visibility to the theme, this work aims to stimulate the definition of concrete ways to tackle discrimination, in an attempt to interrupt the perpetration of inequities in the health care area.

This paper presents an experience report on the supervision of deinstitutionalization of the prison system through the articulation of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) conducted from 2014 to 2021 within the Superintendence of Mental Health/Municipal Health Secretariat of Rio de Janeiro. This work of deinstitutionalizing people deprived of liberty with mental health problems consists of actions at the exit and entrance doors of the prison system and actions for the care of unimputable and imputable people with mental disorders. In the light of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, formalized by Law No. 10,216/2001, we aim to present an approach to this process counting on the possibilities of building care policies for insane offenders that are not punitive or segregating. The practical results of this work include more significant participation of the network in the construction of care for insane offenders, elaborating policies that avoid the prison career or reduce the asylum time in the penal system, and understanding that security measures must always have an outpatient nature.

This paper analyzes how work precariousness is expressed in the daily life of a Prison Primary Care Team in the Brazilian South. This qualitative, exploratory research applied the focus group technique and relied on the participation of ten health professionals. The results evidenced a substandard occupational relationship, objectified by the workforce's outsourcing, the poor proper management of work processes, and little provision for specific professional qualifications and actions consistent with the occupational reality.

This paper aimed to analyze the social representations of motherhood of pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and those who experienced pregnancy in deprivation of liberty in the prison system. This qualitative study was conducted with 42 women and is grounded on the assumptions of the Theoretical Paradigm of Social Representations. Most participants were young women aged 18-39 (90.5%; n=38) and single (50.0%; n=21); 61.9% (n=26) reported two or more pregnancies and 47.6% (n=20) reported one or more miscarriages. The possible representation of being a mother in prison was crystallized, in semantic terms, mainly by the terms "separation" (f=27; OME: 2.9), "sadness" (f=18; OME: 2.3), "horrible" (f=16; OME: 2.1) and "pain" (f=12; OME: 2.8). In the substitution and decontextualization zone, representations were objectified by the terms "separation" (f=18; OME: 3), "sadness" (f=13; OME: 2.5), "fear" (f=11; OME: 2.2) and "horrible" (f=10; OME: 1.5). It was evident that the centrality of social representations for the study participants reflects the suffering experienced by the separation of the mother-child dyad.

This paper aims to describe the implementation process of the Prison Primary Care Teams in Rio Grande do Sul, the frequency of tuberculosis notifications in people deprived of liberty, and their chronological relationship. This documentary research is nested in a descriptive cross-sectional study of historical series. We analyzed the decrees on the qualification of Prison Primary Care Teams, the number, and the year of notification of tuberculosis cases from the National System of Notifiable Diseases from 2014 to 2020. The state of Rio Grande do Sul pioneered prison health municipalization and shared financing, which resulted in the implementation of 45 teams, covering approximately 54.5% of people deprived of liberty a closed regime. The teams notified 5,175 cases of tuberculosis from 2014 to 2020, with a progressive increase in the notification of cases and the implementation of new teams. The strategy of implementing Prison Primary Care Teams driven by the National Comprehensive Health Care Policy for People Deprived of Liberty in the Prison System was crucial for increasing TB diagnosis, notification, and control in Rio Grande do Sul.

This paper aimed to describe the implementation and operation of the e-SUS AB strategy in the Prison Primary Care Teams in Paraíba. A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 21 professionals, doctors, and nurses, from 11 primary care teams in prisons in Paraíba and the health management of the Penitentiary Administration Secretariat. A semi-structured roadmap was adopted for the interviews from the script previously established by the Ministry of Health for the implementation of the e-SUS AB system, which resulted in three thematic categories after being transcribed and analyzed per Bardin's content analysis proposal: the health information system and the prison setting; management actions for the implementation of the e-SUS AB and; skills and competencies of professionals to use the e-SUS AB system. The e-SUS AB was implemented in the prison system with some obstacles concerning the physical and technological structure of the setting, the insufficient professional training, and the lack of skills with information technologies highlighted by the respondents. People feel the need to implement the citizen's electronic medical records to ensure continuity of care for people deprived of liberty.

This paper aims to analyze the process of medicine dispensation in prisons. A qualitative study was conducted in seven penitentiaries in Paraíba with 13 health professionals and 43 people deprived of liberty using essential/strategic medicines from February to August 2016. The results were categorized from the perspective of Bardin's content analysis. Three categories emerged: medicine storage location in the prison system, delivery process in the prison system, and health-related responsibilities with pharmaceutical care. We can conclude that the lack of pharmacies, the legal non-compliance regarding the availability of skilled professionals with technical competencies to perform the dispensation, focusing on the quality/safety standards and relevance of the use and storage guidelines associated with the lack of clarity in the definition of health responsibilities of managers from a government authority, are factors that compromise the policy since they increase the investment, but do not ensure pharmaceutical care in the prison system.

This paper presents the results of the research nested in the international project "Gender and COVID-19", which includes several topics related to the impact of the pandemic on the lives of women and their families, including food insecurity and hunger. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from December 2020 to November 2021 with 49 women living in two urban conglomerates, Cabana do Pai Tomás (Belo Horizonte, MG) and Sapopemba (São Paulo, SP), and two rural quilombola communities, Córrego do Rocha (Chapada do Norte, MG) and Córrego do Narciso (Araçuaí, MG). The analyses were based on the following categories: hunger-related feelings and terms; reduced food amount and quality; lack of food and nutrients; difficulties producing food, receiving emergency aid or food donations; governments evaluation and support networks. The respondents' reports show the challenges they experienced, their coping methods, and criticism of the government's lack of responses. Besides presenting a gender perspective, women, especially the leaders who worked in the construction of solidarity networks, are fundamental voices in planning actions to prevent and mitigate the impacts of emergencies in their communities.

This qualitative study aimed to analyze the social actors' perceptions of public responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eleven civil society representatives and social movement leaders. We also performed triangulation based on the systematization of opinion papers authored by humanitarian organizations and civil society leaders and published in large-circulation newspapers. Our analysis was inspired by the ethical principles of social justice, solidarity, and citizenship. Two main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: 1) disproportionately affected populations remain invisible to care and protection; 2) there is an intentional project to annihilate "undesirable" populations. Community movements must be incorporated as an essential part of the responses to provide care and protection and mitigate the effects during health emergencies. Care, solidarity, and social participation are central to building health protection responses within the framework of social justice. The responses to transforming the future in the aftermath of the pandemic will occur through the initiatives of civil society and community leaders within the territories.

This paper addresses the challenges the social and human sciences face in the COVID-19 epidemic/pandemic. This review refers only to a few aspects, approaching the so-called Ginzburg evidential paradigm by stating that "reality is opaque; there are privileged areas - signs, indications - that make us decipher it". In general, research in the social and human sciences focused on the health crisis is fundamental: First statement: both in the disease spread period and the post-pandemic period. Second statement: the epidemic is not restricted to a viral event.

This paper aims to present the dramas experienced by Brazilian artists during the COVID-19 pandemic. This investigation is nested in one of the axes of broader research on the social impacts of the pandemic in Brazil. Initially, we argue that a pandemic is a critical event with multiple scales, which affects populations unevenly, as is the case of art world professionals, an unorthodox field in terms of specialties and remuneration, which was already suffering from the impacts of reduced investments in public policies in the cultural sector since the mid-2010s. Given the measures to face the pandemic, among which are restrictions on gatherings, artistic events were prohibited, and professionals could not act conventionally, generating economic problems and psychological distress. This paper explores the dramatic report of some of these professionals, highlighting the strategies adopted to cope with the crisis due to the impossibility of performing, the scarcity of public policies for the sector, and the national political and economic elite disdain for the arts and culture. In-depth interviews were conducted with scenic artists, musicians, and DJs from August to December 2020.

Studies show that people in vulnerable conditions and some social groups such as women and black people have suffered more intensely from the COVID-19 pandemic impacts. This expression of inequality also manifests itself among healthcare workers, with greater exposure of some specific groups. This paper analyzes the effect of COVID-19 on health care workers and the working conditions in the Brazilian public health system, analyzed from professional, gender, and race perspectives. Data were collected from an online survey of 1,829 health workers conducted in March 2021. Indeed, we identified inequalities in health workers' experiences during the health crisis generated by COVID-19, which are marked by the profession of each worker and are traversed by their gender and race traits.

This paper describes the structure and results of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil between 2008 and 2019. The medians of the following variables were calculated: PHC spending per inhabitant covered, PHC coverage, and rates of mortality and hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions (PCSC), in 5,565 Brazilian municipalities stratified according to population size and quintile of the Brazilian Deprivation Index (IBP), and the median trend in the period was analyzed. There was a 12% increase in median PHC spending. PHC coverage expanded, with 3,168 municipalities presenting 100% coverage in 2019, compared to 2,632 in 2008. The median rates of PCSC mortality and hospitalizations increased 0.2% and decreased 44.9%, respectively. PHC spending was lower in municipalities with greater socioeconomic deprivation. The bigger the population and the better the socioeconomic conditions were in the municipalities, the lower the PHC coverage. The greater the socioeconomic deprivation was in the municipalities, the higher the median PCSC mortality rates. This study showed that the evolution of PHC was heterogeneous and is associated both with the population size and with the socioeconomic conditions of the municipalities.

This paper aims to discuss the issue of diversity from its incorporation into the training of health professionals through the analysis of the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) of two Brazilian undergraduate health courses: medicine and psychology. Thus, it debates the concept of diversity from the contribution of the social sciences, considering the multiple concepts in the nature of social and cultural differences, breaking with essentialist concepts of difference. Reflecting on how diversity appears in the curricular guidelines of these courses, it analyzes from recent studies how this has been considered in training and the main challenges. Intersectionality is an essential political theoretical framework to apprehend the articulation of multiple differences and inequalities acting in a dynamic, fluid, and flexible way from particular historical contexts. Thus, it is sensitive to address the issue of diversity in the training of health professionals. We highlight the importance of studying differences, suggesting an analytical framework that articulates discourses, practice, subjectivation, and social relationships.

The article presents a perspective on the Brazilian scientific production on the health of the black population (SPN) published in scientific journals. We performed a rapid scoping review combined with thematic and bibliometric analysis. Our search included four indexed databases. We retrieved 519 studies in line with the thematic axes and strategic underlying themes of the Agenda of Research Priorities of the Ministry of Health and the guidelines of the National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of the Black Population. The data mainly returned quantitative studies published from 1969 to 2022. Sixty-five of the selected studies were explicitly about the black population and 54 about the quilombola population. The analysis of the most recurrent terms in the titles of the selected studies evidenced that epidemiological aspects and health and disease conditions prevailed. We observed limitations in the currently available indexing descriptors, which do not cover the most conceptually appropriate terminology. This paper consolidates knowledge about the SPN-related scientific production. It supports the discussion on a propositional priority research agenda to improve health policies for this population, overcome racism, and denounce rights violations.

This paper presents the research results on the strategies, expectations, and desires of 28 transsexual men in building their masculinities and reconstructing their bodies through cross-hormonization. The qualitative research was carried out in an outpatient clinic of the transsexualization process in a city in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. We employed semi-structured interviews and participant observation from November 2019 to January 2020 to collect data. Content analysis guided the analysis of the statements from which the discussed categories emerged. The categories were discussed in the light of the concepts of gender, transsexuality, and masculinity, besides references from studies on ethnicity/skin color in their articulations with health. The data revealed desires, contradictions, and ambiguities regarding the construction of masculinity and the (re)construction of bodies more suited to it. They also evidenced the desire for the male bodily standard achieved through hormonization and surgeries, and black skin color emerged as a critical inequality mark. We concluded that, while refuting many male model features, these men want to enter this world and blend in with the crowd as men, thus experiencing fuller masculinity.

This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.

This paper discusses the historical construction of the Expanded Family Health Center (NASF, in Portuguese), based on the analysis of 17 documents edited by the Ministry of Health (MH) between 2005 and 2021. This is a qualitative study of documental review that seeks to understand how the regulations and official instructive manuals have been shaping the way NASF teams operate. It proposes to divide the NASF construction process into five periods: previous movements (2003 to 2007); support guidelines (2008 to 2011); the universalization of nasf (2012 to 2015); expansion of support (2016 to 2018); and the dismantling of NASF? (2019 to 2021). The results show changes in guidelines over the years of the team's existence, especially in relation to the matrix support concept and its two dimensions: technical-pedagogical and clinical care. This study also demonstrates the effects of the Previne Brasil Program on the NASF, which resulted in the reduction of 379 teams in 2020 and 2021. Added to this scenario is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which may be repositioning NASF interventions in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in Portuguese).

This paper analyzes food insecurity (FI) in urban and rural areas of the Northeast region of Brazil associated with certain social determinants and access to governmental benefits/programs. Data about FI from the National Household Budget Survey (2017-2018) were analyzed, including socio-economic variables and access to government benefits/programs of supplemental income (Bolsa Família, Ongoing transfer benefits, Food voucher and Food basket). Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationship between FI and access to government programs/benefits. Half of the families in the Northeast were classified as being subject to FI, the prevalence and severity being higher in rural households. The composition of the family, with at least one retired individual, significantly reduced the probability of being FI at all levels of severity. Access to the Food basket (in cash) benefit and Bolsa Família was associated with being a factor of protection against severe FI in rural areas, while in urban areas the food voucher benefit was the main factor of protection. Income transfer programs and access to social benefits contribute to combatting FI, highlighting the importance of maintaining and scaling-up these initiatives for vulnerable populations.

To investigate the clown ideologies that circulate in a hospital scenario, in this paper, we describe the origins of hospital clowns, evaluate their professional training, and discuss their contemporary role. For this descriptive, historical documentary, and qualitative study, we carried out searches in academic databases such as PubMed and LILACS in April 2021. The insufficiency of these results motivated our consultation of book collections and a documentary analysis of other sources related to clowns. Given their function of conveying lightness, humor, and comedy, we observe that hospital clowns, despite lacking a curative function, complement the treatment of patients and therefore require training in the fields of art and biosafety. Based on our bibliographic research, we also conclude that there is a great need for the training and continual education of hospital clowns who perform in a Brazilian context.

Compliance with legal deadlines for the assessment and incorporation of technologies in Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS) is essential to ensure public access to essential medicines. The scope of this paper was to analyze the compliance with legal deadlines for incorporation and availability of medicines in the SUS, comparing Oncology and the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Assistance (SCPA). A comparison was made of the drugs incorporated that were submitted to Conitec in the period from January 1, 2017, to April 30, 2020. A total of 85 drugs were recommended for incorporation by Conitec, of which 15 (17.64%) were for Oncology and 70 (82.36%) were for SCPA. The time between analysis and recommendation by Conitec until the publication of the decision by the Ministry of Health was, on average, 86 days longer for oncological drugs and the availability timeframe of technologies incorporated in the oncology area was, on average, 389 days longer than for SCPA. The major progress achieved with the creation of Conitec in Brazil is acknowledged, but the results of this study point to a pressing need to improve the process of making available technologies incorporated into the SUS, especially in oncology.

This paper presents the evolution of fake news disseminated about vaccines and the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its adverse impacts on the current Brazilian health crisis. This quantitative, empirical study is based on the notifications received by the Eu Fiscalizo app, through which the Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp platforms were identified as the principal means for disseminating and sharing rumors and misinformation about COVID-19. We observed large-scale circulation of fake news about vaccines directly related to the Brazilian political polarization, which became prevalent four months after the first COVID-19 case was recorded in the country. We can conclude that this phenomenon was crucial in discouraging the adherence of segments of the Brazilian population to social distancing and vaccination campaigns.

This paper deals with the first ten epidemiology conferences held by ABRASCO between 1990 and 2017., Objective: To provide historical records of these events, highlighting the context in which they were conceived, the chosen themes and their role in the national and international epidemiological landscape, the venues, and the presidents of the different editions., Methods: Data were extracted from printed and electronic proceedings, with some data gaps that could not be filled., Results: The numbers and characteristics of different activities are also presented, with emphasis on conferences and roundtables, lectures, panels and debates, and the collaboration of the academic and professional community for coordinated communications and posters outlining a wide range of themes and approaches. This paper keeps record of most of the activities carried out., Conclusions: The authors are aware that the record presented is a pale picture of the real meaning of these meetings in which the development of epidemiology was being built, in an articulation between scholars and health services and as a cooperation between national researchers and our companions and friends who work in foreign institutions all around the world.

This paper addresses the experiences of Black women organized in social activism to fight for justice for the deaths of their children, victims of police brutality. These deaths are analyzed as part of the genocide of Black people and result from the action of a State operating in a necropolitical fashion, in which racism is an ideological tool for the production of disposability of Black bodies. In this work, the stories of four women living in territories dominated by gun violence in Rio de Janeiro reveal how they organize themselves politically to fight for justice, memory and reparation; and their illnesses and individual and collaborative care strategies. We observe the refusal of their demands by the health system and the social assistance policies, while the activism stands out as a producer of care and acceptance.

Recognizing the central role of mental health in global health and affirming the complexity of the universalization of care policy, this paper discusses aspects of global mental health in Brazil and Italy - two countries that are a potential reference for exchange between the global North and South. Using ethnographic and action research methodologies, we conducted a study of a virtual community of practice composed of Brazilians and Italians interested in community mental health care. The results are presented in scenes that provide insights for the international debate in three categories: the doctor-centered approach to care; the institutionalization of care and medicalization of suffering; and the contribution of community practices and non-specialized local knowledge. The locally situated scenes cast light on globally shared critical knots, elucidating a plural set of relationships that run through work processes and mental health care. The sharing of knowledge and experiences highlight what should be universalized: opportunities for horizontal exchange, rather than the production of national identities that radiate universalizing practices and policies.

This paper results from research that analyzed the narratives of mothers of autistic children about their experiences with their children, produced and shared by them through videos on YouTube. We used a qualitative methodology to debate the logic and meanings attributed to illness, health, motherhood, and childcare, towards a narrative reconstruction produced by us researchers. We observed that these women spoke primarily about their experiences as mothers of autistic children and directly addressed the emotional difficulties of having a child with autism, such as mourning the ideal child promoted by the diagnosis and the construction of care for an autistic child. Through the videos, the mothers form an identification group based on the premise that they lived everyday experiences, generating significant value and becoming an existential capital. Talking about such experiences in public and far-reaching spaces like YouTube produces, among other things, collective memories that develop a caring community. We understand that the individual story reported and produced in the videos can emotionally and pragmatically help others with a similar experience, re-inhabiting daily life.

Violence against women, enhanced by issues of race/ethnicity, class and generation, constitutes one of the main obstacles to overcoming gender inequalities in all spheres of life, including the private domain. Over the past decades, actions to confront the phenomenon have advanced significantly in Brazil, particularly the growing output and the systematization of information on the topic. In this sense, Information Systems (IS) are important tools in the collection, processing/organization and dissemination of official statistics on this type of violence, the objective of which is to assist in the planning and implementation of intersectoral public policies. It is noteworthy that these devices are characterized as a space for disputes of diverse interests. That is, they are not neutral instruments, but they bring with them a worldview that guides them. Thus, a critical analysis of information systems on violence against women is necessary, dealing with how they characterize the phenomenon, as well as feeding decisions and planning actions. Based on an integrative review, this paper aims to analyze how information systems on violence against women are portrayed in national and international academic production.

This paper reflects on the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 in Brazil in light of the consideration of scientific evidence in the decision-making process. Brazil has one of the largest and most complete vaccination programs in the world, the National Immunization Program (Programa Nacional de Imunizações or PNI). Unfortunately, in the current context, with the political interference of the federal government, the PNI lost its role in conducting the vaccination campaign against COVID-19. Despite being a vaccination campaign with a lot of potential and one of the most accepted by the population among countries in the world, it presented many problems and left several gaps in the Brazilian scenario. In this sense, it is essential that the quality scientific evidence produced during this period can guide a constant remodeling of the vaccination strategy. Four points deserve to be highlighted: 1) the interval between doses; 2) the interchangeability between vaccines; 3) vaccination in children and adolescentes; and 4) the need for better evidence to define the vaccination strategy in certain groups and age groups.

Feminicide configured as the murder of women due to unequal power relations. It is a growing reality that generates problems and exposes unequal gender, ethnic, and class relationships that culminate in extreme violence and death. This paper analyzes three femicide cases by burning that occurred in Campinas (SP), Brazil, from 2018 to 2019. This is a qualitative study that employed the verbal autopsy method to collect information and narratives to describe the cases. The circumstances of the women's deaths were discussed, integrating in the discussion the concepts of feminism, the symbolic representation of fire, intersectionality, patriarchy, and its implications from the perspective of collective health.

This paper aims to characterize children and adolescents in a child marriage situation using data from the National Health Survey of 2013. The prevalence of child marriage (under 18 years old) was estimated according to socioeconomic, demographic, and health variables by three age categories (10-13; 14-15; 16-17 years). Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression. The prevalence of child marriage was 3.9% (n=1,168); 254 (1.8%) were under 14 years old, 285 (3.8%) were between 14 or 15 years old and 629 (8.1%) were between 16 and 17 years old. Higher probability of the outcome was observed among girls in the 14-15- and 16-17-years age groups compared to male, and those who did not attend school (observed in all age groups). Children living with four people were less likely to be in child marriage in the 14-15- and 16-17-years' age group compared to those who lived with one to two people. This study discusses the implications of the findings for preventing child marriage by focusing on gender inequalities and access to education and health services.