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On October 5, 2011, Apple pioneer Steve Jobs passed away. Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, the illegitimate son of University of Wisconsin students Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble. He was adopted by Paul Jobs and Clara Hagopian and grew up in Los Altos, California. The teenage Jobs met Stephen Wozniak in 1968 from whom he learned much about computer engineering. He attended Reed College for one semester, but left school to pursue other interests, and ended up working at Atari developing video games. Jobs caught up with Wozniak, and they started the company Apple Computer in 1975 selling Apple computers. In just a couple of years, they became millionaires from sales of the Apple II. Apple's initial public offering took place in 1980, bringing Jobs's net worth to more than $200 million. However, after several computer models failed to generate adequate revenue, Jobs was asked to leave the management of the company in 1985, and he resigned.

Mac OS is a family of operating systems – or programs used to run computers – pioneered by the Apple computer company and utilized on a wide variety of Apple systems. Noted for being the first successful graphical interface operating system and for making its debut on the original 1984 Macintosh, Mac OS played a key role in the emergence of the personal computer as a popular consumer product. Though later overshadowed by Microsoft Windows, Mac OS continued to be one of the most recognized and widely used operating systems on the market. Over the years, it evolved through a variety of iterations, each of which has offered new features and an improved user experience.

Apple (originally Apple Computer) was founded by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, who had close ties to the 1960s counterculture, and the corporate culture of Apple reflected that mind-set. The Apple motto, Think Different, was not only a counterpoint to Think, the decades-old motto of International Business Machines (IBM), but also a paean to counterculture nonconformity. When Jobs first sought outside investors, he had no idea how to compose a business plan. He had to learn how to relate to corporate executives and produce formal business documents to acquire capital.

The iPhone transformed wireless communications and brought smartphone usage to the mainstream, all while securing record profits for Apple. In many ways, the iPhone set industry standards for smartphones.

In 2007, Apple Computer changed its name to Apple Inc., reflecting a shift from creating primarily personal computing devices to providing a full line of consumer electronics, such as the iPad and iPhone, as well as content marketplaces to support these devices. The company has enjoyed financial success because of its successful marketing and focus on developing beautifully designed, easy-to-use consumer products.

The FBI-Apple encryption dispute was a legal debate between the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the technology company Apple Inc. over the issue of whether US courts could force technology firms to unlock devices that had been encrypted to protect users' data. The dispute began in the wake of the 2015 San Bernardino terrorist attack, in which two shooters killed fourteen people before being killed by police.

CEO of Apple. Tim Cook represents the second generation of leadership in innovative businesses such as Apple and computers in general. After visionaries such as Steve Jobs created a reality to match their visions, people such as Cook—managers and nuts-and-bolts businesspeople—transformed the somewhat unstable corporation into a stable venture able to adapt to changing circumstances while holding on to what made the founder's era so distinct. If Jobs and Steve Wozniak were Apple's prophets, Cook became the discipled leader who preserved the legend.

iTunes is a type of digital media software developed by Apple Inc. It allows users to add, organize, and play digital, or online, media files such as songs, videos, television shows, movies, audiobooks, or podcasts. These can be accessed on a computer or portable device such as the iPod portable media player or iPhone. Apple launched iTunes in 2001 with just a few hundred thousand songs, and since then, it has added millions of media files as well as the streaming service Apple Music and the storage service iCloud.